OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of indomethacin-loading solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN). METHODS:Us-ing indomethacin as model drug,glyceryl behenate as oil phase,poloxamer 188 and polyethylene glycol-12-hydroxystearic acid as emulsifier,with turbidity,entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount as index,Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the amount of oil phase,emulsifier-oil phase ratio,drug-oil phase ratio. The physicochemical properties of SLNs were characterized by SEM and DSC. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as oil phase of 0.91%,emulsifier-oil ratio of 1∶1,drug-oil phase ratio of 1∶5. The turbidity,entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount of prepared nanoparticle were 1 025-1 030 NTU,98.94%-99.08%,2.43%-2.46%,respectively;particle size and polydispersity index(PDI)were 181.5-182.3 nm and 0.340-0.341(n=3). The results of DSC showed that indomethacin was not present in crystalline state dispersed into SLNs. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal formulation is screened successfully,and indomethacin-loaded SLNs have been prepared.

Objective To observe the regulatory effects of the preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) points in ovariectomized rats, and discuss the mechanism of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on hyoathalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis. Methods Totally 48 female SD rats were divided into 5 groups, including normal group, sham operation group, ovariectomized rats group, preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group. Except normal group and sham operation group, rats were ovariectomized after preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion for 30 d in corresponding groups. ELISA was used to determine the levels of E2, ER, GnRH, FSH and LH in the tissues including hypophysis, hypothalamus and uterus. Results Compared with the normal group, E2, ER and GnRH level in the tissue of the model group was significantly lower (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH increased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, E2, ER and GnRH level of preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group increased in different degree (P<0.05). FSH and LH level reduced in different degree (P <0.05). There was no obvious difference between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion group (P>0.05). Conclusions The preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) has benign modulation to disordered HPO axis of ovariectomized rats. The ability of preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion are almost the same.

Objective To know the status of professional knowledge and comprehensive abilities among graduates majoring in health laboratory science of laboratory medicine through selfevaluation,and to provide a scientific basis for adjusting the education plan. Methods A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to make a census of 92 graduates majoring in health laboratory science of laboratory medicine. Results More than 90% of graduates thought that their abilities of grasping basic knowledge and technology,practising ability,humanistic quality,innovative and practical ability were improved through 5year study. 11.6% of graduates thought that their abilities of experiment design,9.4% of graduates thought that their ability of basic experiment operation,9.2% of graduates thought that their abilities of grasping speciality English,and 9.1% of graduates thought that their oral expressing abilities were improved. Conclusion Though good effect on students’ability training was got through the reform in teaching methods and talent projects,more attention should be paid to innovative and practical ability training.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the ability of invasion and migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells under serum starvation and hypoxia, and the effect of antiangiogenic drugs, rh-endostatin and bevacizumab, on the ability of invasion and migration of breast cancer cells under serum starvation and/or hypoxia, in order to explore the potential risk of antiangiogenic therapy in clinics.

METHODSThe cells were randomized into 4 groups, i.e., group A: 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) group; group B: hypoxia + 10% FBS group; group C: serum starvation group; group D: hypoxia + serum starvation group; each group was further divided into three subgroups as blank control, treated with rh-endostatin and bevacizumab, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to assess the inhibition rate of cell growth induced by endostatin and bevacizumab, in order to determine the proper working concentration and time of the two drugs. Transwell assay was conducted to detect the cell invasion and migration in vitro. The expressions of c-Met and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot. The cells treated with rh-endostatin or bevacizumab under serum starvation were tested by hybridization using Exiqon miBase 18.0 microarray. The miRNAs which exibited significant differences (P < 0.05) in miRNA hybridization were verified by real-time PCR assay.

RESULTSCCK-8 assay showed that the inhibition rates of MDA-MB-231 cells cultured with 800 mg/L rh-endostatin for 48 h and 24 h were (32.2 ± 2.5)% and (27.0 ± 1.3)%, respectively, showing a significant difference (P = 0.023). The inhibition rates of MDA-MB-231 cells cultured with 80 mg/L bevacizumab for 48 h and 24 h were (30.5 ± 1.4) % and (26.1 ± 2.4) %, respectively, showing also a significant difference (P = 0.015). The Transwell assay showed that in the starvation blank group, the number of invaded and penetrated cells were 28.8 ± 2.2 and 31.4 ± 1.5, respectively, significantly different from that in the rh-endostatin and bevacizumab groups (P < 0.05). The relative expressions of c-Met and MMP-9 were 0.213 ± 0.017 and 0.542 ± 0.048, respectively, with a significant difference from those of the groups treated with each drug (P < 0.05 for both). The numbers of penetrated cells in the Transwell assay treated with rh-endostatin in hypoxia were 17.5 ± 2.1 and 16.5 ± 2.8, respectively, and the numbers of penetrated cells in the Transwell assay treated with bevacizumab were 16.3 ± 3.5 and 17.5 ± 2.4, respectively, showing no significant difference among them (P > 0.05 for both). The ability of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and the expression of c-Met and MMP-9 were not impacted by hypoxia (P > 0.05). Real-time PCR assay showed that only the levels of miR-2355 and miR375 were significantly and stably decreased in the cells which had increased ability of invasion and migration. The relative expression levels of miR375 and miR-2355 in the serum starvation blank group were 0.550 ± 0.036 and 0.852 ± 0.121, respectively, significantly lower than that in the groups treated with rh-endostatin or bevacizumab (P<0.05). In the serum starvation group, the expression levels of miR375 and miR-2355 of cells treated with rh-endostatin were 0.295 ± 0.012 and 0.253 ± 0.011, and the expression levels of cells treated with bevacizumab were 0.234 ± 0.020 and 0.309 ± 0.022, respectively, (P > 0.05 for all). Compared with the serum starvation blank group, the expression levels of miR2355 and miR375 were significantly decreased when cells were treated with rh-endostatin/bevacizumab under serum starvation, but no significant difference was found between the two drugs (P > 0.05). However, hypoxia did not affect the expressions of miR2355 and miR375 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that serum starvation can increase the ability of invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, both rh-endostatin and bevacizumab may enhance their invasion and penetration ability under serum starvation condition.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; Bevacizumab ; adverse effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Endostatins ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of modified anterolateral approach and traditional approach in treating distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom September 2009 to December 2012,45 patients with distal tibiofibula fractures were performed reduction and interal fixation with modified anterolateral and traditional approaches. According to Ruedi-All-gower classification, 12 cases were type I ,26 cases were type II, 7 cases were type III. Among 45 patients,there were 16 males and 7 females with an average age of (36.3 +/- 7.2) years old (ranged from 23 to 47) years old in advanced group; while there were 14 males and 8 females with an average of (33.8 +/- 6.4) years old (ranged from 25 to 45) in tradtional group. Operation time, blood loss, complications of incision were compared, and AOFAS scores were evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months with an average of 21.7 months. In traditional group, operation time was (74.7 +/- 9.9) min, blood loss was (94.4 +/- 10.4) ml, and (73.7 +/- 10.0) min, (100.8 +/- 12.1) ml in advanced group,there was no significant meaning between two groups (P > 0.05); complications of insicion of advanced group was better than that of traditional group (chi2 = 4.078, P < 0.05); AOFAS score in advanced group (86.1 +/- 9.4) was better than that of traditional group, and had significant meaning (t = 3.787, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified anterolateral group,which has advantages of rapid recovery, less complications, is a good choice for closed distal tibiofibula fractures.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the correlation of adiponectin (ADP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) depressive symptoms.Methods Random sample of hospitalized confirmed patients with T2DM were 76 cases,who were divided in to T2DM group (DM group,30 cases) and T2DM with depressive symptoms group (DD group,40 cases) and randomly selected 36 cases in the medical center as control group.The level of height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,plasma ADP,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein protein cholesterol (LDL-C),C-reactive protein (CRP),fasting plasma cortisol (COR),fasting insulin (FINS) were measured.Body mass index (BMI),waist to hip ratio (WHR) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Results The plasma ADP level in DD group was lower than that in DM group and control group [(3.05 ± 1.07) g/L vs.(4.06 ± 1.12),(6.97 ± 1.64) g/L],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The plasma ADP level was negatively correlated with CRP,HOMA-IR,TC,FPG and SDS,but positively correlated with HDL-C.HDL-C and SDS was the independent risk factor influencing the ADP level in DD group.Conclusions T2DM patients with depressive symptoms exist the greater insulin resistance,the level of plasma ADP is specific drop; the lower level of plasma ADP is an independent risk factor for T2DM patients with depressive symptoms,there is independent correlation between them.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of artificial pleural effusion for percutaneous microwave ablation of liver cancer in the hepatic dome. Methods 28 difficult cases (total 34 lesions), all lesions were located in the hepatic dome and covered by lung. Infused with artificial pleural effusion by ultrasound real-time monitoring before percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation. The amount of artificial pleural effusion, the technique successful rate,the rate of lesions revealed, local treatment response and complications had been observed. Results The amount of artificial pleural effusionwas 200-1 000 mL [(388 ± 107)mL]. The technique successul rate of artificial pleural effusion was 100% (28 / 28), the rate of lesions revealed was 85.3%(29 / 34), the other 5 isoechoic lesions were revealed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. All the 34 lesions was ablated completely, the complete ablation rate was 100%(34 / 34). the rate of complications was 2.9%(1 / 34), 1 patient was found a small amount of intraperitoneal hemorrhage after ablation. Conclusions Artificial pleural effusion assisted percutaneous microwave ablation of liver cancer in the hepatic dome is a safe , effective treatment, it broadened the percutaneous microwave ablation therapeutic range, and should be more widely used in clinically.

Objective To explore clinical features and antimicrobial resistance of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S .pneumoniae)isolated from children in Nanjing.Methods Clinical data of children with confirmed S .pneumoniae LRTI through sputum culture at a children’s hospital in Nanjing between July 2013 and June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,S .pneumoniae strains were performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing through K-B method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)testing.Results Among 197 children with S .pneumoniae infection,72.59% were <3 years old,63.96% occurred in autumn and winter, 57.87% had elevated leukocyte count,cough and fever were the most common clinical symptoms,complications of digestive and circulatory system were also common.The resistance rates of S .pneumoniae to azithromycin, penicillin,and erythromycin were 94.92%, 92.98%, and 88.83% respectively; the sensitivity rates to vancomycin,chloramphenicol,meropenem,ceftriaxone,and ofloxacin were all > 90%,vancomycin was up to 98.98%.Conclusion The percentage of S .pneumoniae LRTI is high in children < 3 years old,most occur in autumn and winter,resistance rates to azithromycin,penicillin,and erythromycin are all high,antimicrobial agents should be selected for the treatment of infection according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Objective\ To further clarify the biological effects of TGF?1 on blastocyst implantation. Methods We used female adult Kunming mice to mate with male for observing the distribution of TGF?1 and its receptor at different stages of implantation with immunohistochemical method. Results\ Compared with nonpregnancy,TGF?1 and its receptor immunostaining markedly increased in epithelial and glandual cells on day 4 of pregnancy.The moderate extracellular staining of TGF?1 was present around the fibroblasts.On day 5\|6 of pregnancy,strong immunostaining in intensity of TGF?1 and its receptor was noted in primary decidual zone.With blastocyst invasion,TGF?1 and its receptor immunostaining diffused in decidual cells. Conclusion\ TGF?1 might play an important role via its receptor during blastocyst implantation.\;

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of tumor of the head of pancreas(THP). Methods The clinical data of 277 cases of THP were restrospectively reviewed. All patients were diagnosed by US,CT, gastroenteric barium meal and /or operation. A comparison was made in 80 cases , who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were divided into group A(41 patients operated during1982-1995) and group B(39 patients operated after January,1996) . Results 194 patients underwent surgical treatment,including explore laparotomy in 28,bilioenterostomy or T tube drainage in 86,pancreatoduodenectomy(PTD) in 80.Among 80 cases treated with PTD, the operation time,blood loss volume and blood transfusion volume during operation, and serious postoperative complication occurring rate in group A were significantly higher than those in group B(all P 0.05 ).The follow up results were as follows:the average survival time was (4.07 ?1.80) months in patients with bile external drainage, and (8.28 ?2.31) months in hepatojejunostomy,(P