BACKGROUND: Color Doppler flow imaging can exam the early myocardial disorder in type 2 diabetic patients. What does exercise tolerance test work for the examination of such disorder in combination with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) ?OBJECTIVE: To analyze in comparison the early evaluation on reduced diastolic function in left ventricle in patients with type 2 diabetes between the examinations of exercise tolerance test combined with color Doppler flow image and simple color Doppler flow imaging.DESIGN: Cases-controlled comparison and self-comparison.SETTING: Department of electrodiagnosis and department of Endocrinology in a municipal hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six cases of inpatients with type 2 diabetes were selected from Department of Endocrinology of Shenyang Red Cross Hospital from March to December in 2004, of which, 25 cases were males and 11cases females. The diabetic patients included had no cardiac vascular complications and participated in the study in volunteer. Thirty-two patients who received annual routine health check at the same period were selected as the control, of which, 20 cases were males and 12 cases females.METHODS: Metronics treadmill exercise test equipment was used for exercise tolerance in two groups. Before exercise(at quiescent state) and after exercise tolerance, Vivid 4 CDFI was used to determine flow velocity at E and A peak values respectively, ratio between flow velocities at E peak value and A peak value as well as isovolumtric relaxation time (IRT).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of cardiac functional indexes before and after exercise tolerance in two groups.RESULTS: Thirty-four diabetic patients accomplished exercise tolerance test, of which, 1 case presented frequent ventricular extrasystole, another one presented precordial pain and stopped the test. In the control, all of 32 cases ratio between flow rates of E peak value and A peak value was remarkably lower than that in the control (0. 90 ± 0. 25, 1.40 ± 0.30, P ＜ 0.05 ); IRT was remarkably longer than that in the control [ (112. 07 ± 20. 16),imental group, the ratio between flow rates of E peak value and A peak value was remarkably lower than that in the control (0.62 ±0. 12, 1.28 ±0.87, P＜ 0.01 ); IRT was remarkably longer than that in the control[ (138. 10± 19.21), (97.37±9.61) ms, P ＜0.01].CONCLUSION: CDFI can supervise and evaluate at early stage the cardiac functional changes in type 2 diabetic patients. Due to the induction of exercise tolerance, the combination of exercise tolerance test and CDFI provides more accurate, objective and valuable conclusions at early stage.

Objective To determine the urinary polypeptide patterns of glomerulonephritis by magnetic bead separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology. Methods Urinary samples of 29 healthy volunteers and 34 patients with glomerulonephritis, including 10 cases of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), 10 cases of membranous nephropathy (MN), 9 cases of minimal change disease (MCD) and 5 cases of lupus nephritis (LN), were collected and separated by magnetic bead,and were screened for polypeptide patterns with a novel high throughput method, MALDI-TOF MS. Results Under the relative molecular weights 10 000 Da, 85 protein peaks were detected in healthy controls group and 109 protein peaks were detected in glomerulonephritis group. Six peaks of 3371.5 Da, 4026.35 Da, 4085.32 Da, 4116.96 Da, 4126.32 Da and 9527.31 Da were up-regulated,while 8 peaks of 861.28 Da, 1205.41 Da, 1642.52 Da, 1913.15 Da, 1976.52 Da, 2087.74 Da, 2193.47 Da and 3015.57 Da were down-regulated by more than 2 folds (P<0.01) in glomerulonephritis group as compared to healthy controls. Urinary polypeptide patterns in different diseases differed significantly from each other, indicating specific disease pattern of polypeptide excretion. Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS is a fast, convenient and high throughput analyzing method capable of screening some relative specific, potential biomarkers from the urine of glomerulonephritis patients thus it possesses better clinical value.

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China over one hundred years. But its effect on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes are unknown. This study was to observe the effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) on the activities of antioxidant and drug metabolism enzymes (DMEs) in liver of rats. Male SD rats, treated with XFZYD at the dosage of 3.51, 7.02 and 14.04 g x kg(-1) per day for 15 days, serum were collected, tissue fluid, cytosols and microsomes isolated from liver tissues were prepared by centrifugation according to the standard procedure, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and drug-Metabolizing Enzymes were determined by UV-V is spectrophotometer. In serum, the activities of AST was not significantly affected by the treatment with XFZYD, at the high- est dose, the levels of ALT, Cr and BUN were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). GPX were significantly increased at the dose of 7.02, 14.04 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), CAT were significantly increased at the highest dose (P < 0.05). T-SOD was not significantly af- fected by this treatment. In the liver tissue, GPX was significantly increased at the dose of 3.51, 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), GST, CAT and T-SOD were not significantly affected following this treatment. In cytosols, GST was significantly increased at the dose of 3.51 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), T-SOD was remarkable induced at the dose of 3.51 and 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05). In microsomes, XFZYD had no significant effect on Cytochromeb5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1 and UGT, XFZYD significantly in- duced GST at the dose of 3.51 and 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), and the level of GSH were significantly increased by XFZYD at the dose of 3.51, 7.02 and 14.04 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest XFZYD can induce the activities of GPX, CAT, SOD, GST and increase GSH level in liver of rats, which indicate XFZYD may have detoxification and antioxidant functions.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of inhaled budesonide on the efficacy and related indexes of patients with acute bronchitis. METHODS:102 patients with acute bronchitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given 100 mg/(kg·d) Cefotaxime sodium injection,adding into 150 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection intravenously by 2 times,as well as sedation,oxygen inhalation,rehydration,correcting acid-base balance and other conventional treatment;ob-servation group was additionally given 2 ml Inhaled budesonide suspension,twice a day. The treatment course for both groups was 7 d. Clinical efficacy,erythrocyte immune complex rosette(E-ICR),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),peak expiratory flow rate(PEF),forced vital capacity(FVC),1 second forced exhaled volume(FEV1),time of body temperature returned to nor-mal,cough disappearance time,rale disappearance time before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,time of body temperature returned to normal, cough disappearance time and rale disappearance time were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the E-ICR and hs-CRP levels,PEF,FVC and FEV1 between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,E-ICR and hs-CRP levels were significant-ly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,PEF,FVC and FEV1 were significantly higher than be-fore,and observation group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). And there were no adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,inhaled budesonide has obvious efficacy in the treatment of acute bronchitis,and it can reduce E-ICR and hs-CRP,improve pulmonary functions,with good safety.

OBJECTIVETo observe the long-term apparent and structural change of the neo-urethra inner wall reconstructed with different kinds of tissue. To compare the difference between normal and reconstructed urethra for urethra reconstruction with more appropriate materials.

METHODSThe neo-urethra inner wall was observed during operation, through urography and urethroscope. The tissue section of neo-urethra inner wall was observed through light microscope and electron microscope.

RESULTSWith unchanged structure, the appearance of neo-urethra reconstructed with skin or mucosa could be close to normal urethra after a long time. Neo-urethra made of buccal mucosa possesses some of the most important basic structures for normal urethral microenvironment to form. The structure of neo-urethra made of bladder could be close to normal urethra after a long time.

CONCLUSIONSBuccal and bladder mucosa may be a better material than skin for urethra reconstruction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biocompatible Materials ; Child ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Transplantation ; methods ; Urethra ; surgery ; Young Adult

Clinical study of modified Ganmai Dazao decoction in the treatment of yang deficiency climacteric depression and observe the effects of modified Ganmai Dazao decoction on neuroendocrine system in patients with yang deficiency climacteric depression. 86 cases were randomly divided into treatment group treated with modified Ganmai Dazao decoction and control group treated with Deanxit. The curative effect was evaluated with Hamilton's depressive scale (HAMD) and pittsburgh sleep quality scale (PSQI) before and at the end of the two and four weeks of the treatment, the serum levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH) were detected before and after the four weeks of the treatment The results showed that the total effective power of treatment group was 88.4% and the total effective power of control group was 81.4% after four weeks interference, with insignificant difference between the two groups. After two and four weeks of the treatment, the score of HAMD decreased remarkably in both groups (P < 0.01), with insignificant difference between the two groups in same phase. After two and four weeks of the treatment, the total score of PSQI decreased remarkably in both groups (P < 0.05), with significant difference between the two groups after four weeks (P < 0.01). After four weeks of treatment, the serum levels of 5-HT and NE increased (P < 0.01), with insignificant difference between the groups. After four weeks of treatment, the serum levels of E2 increased obviously (P < 0.05), the levels of FSH decreased obviously (P < 0.05), the levels of LH decreased insignificant, with insignificant difference between two groups. This study indicates that modified Ganmai Dazao decoction has obvious therapeutic effects in the treatment of climacteric depression, and showed equivalent efficacy with Deanxit, and modified Ganmai Dazao decoction has better effect on improving the sleep quality in patients than Deanxit, the effect of improved clinical symptoms may be through adjusted levels of 5-HT, NE, E2, FSH and LH of climacteric depression.
Adult ; Depression ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Menopause ; drug effects ; psychology ; Middle Aged ; Neurosecretory Systems ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Serotonin ; blood

BACKGROUNDTo study oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSMalondialdehyde (MDA), total anti-oxidative ability and ascorbic acid were measured as markers of oxidative stress in 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, besides HBV DNA and ALT.

RESULTSMDA was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B than the controls (P less than 0.05). Ascorbic acid was significantly higher in patients with normal ALT than the controls (P less than 0.01). MDA was significantly higher in patients with increased ALT than the controls and in patients with normal ALT. MDA was significantly positively correlated with ALT (r=0.61), and ascorbic acid was significantly negatively correlated with ALT (r=-0.64) in patients with hepatitis B. No significant relationship was found between HBV DNA and other indices of oxidative stress. No significant difference in total anti-oxidative ability was found among all groups.

CONCLUSIONThere was a disturbance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidative ability in patients with chronic hepatitis B. In patients with increased ALT, oxidative stress became high. In patients with normal ALT, oxidative stress level was low. The indices of oxidative stress should be detected in patients with hepatitis B, in addition to HBV markers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Ascorbic Acid ; blood ; Child ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology

AIMTo further explore the roles of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) or NO derivatives in complex partial seizures and generalized convulsions.

METHODSThe effect of pretreatment with L-nitroarginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or L arginine (L-Arg), a precursor of NO on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure in rats and the changes in the concentration of NO2 -/NO- in the hippocampus were determined.

RESULTSThe rats appeared with wet dog shakes (WDS) at 15 min and then occurred generalized convulsions during 1 h to 3 h after administration of KA (10 mg/kg i.p.). However, the pretreatment of L-NNA (50 mg/kg) so dramatically promoted and enhanced KA-induced behavioral seizures that the latency of generalized convulsion was shorten dramatically, and the mortality was greatly high. In contrast, the pretreatment with L-Arg (40 mg/kg) markedly delayed or weakened KA-induced behavioral changes, such as increasing latency of WDS and generalized convulsion, shortening time o f seizure and none of animal died during observed time. The concentration of NO2- /NO3- in the hippocampus increased immediately at 30 min and remained to 7 d after the administration of KA. Compared with control group (pretreatment with NS), the concentration of NO2- / NO3- in the hippocampus apparently increased at 3 h and 3 d after the administration of KA in the rats with L-Arg pretreatment.

CONCLUSIONThe endogenous NO (NO or NO derivatives) mediators may play an important role against excitotoxin induced seizures in rats.

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Kainic Acid ; adverse effects ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitroarginine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo find anatomic basis for clinically modifying technique of harvesting superior and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap, in order to avoid muscle lossing in conventional superior and inferior myocutaneous flaps, keep the advantage such as large rich supplied volume soft tissue.

METHODS5 cases 10 sides adult cadaver were used to study the numbers, position, Course of superior and inferior gluteal artery perforators. The position of perforators was located by ultrasound Doppler in 6 cases and 12 sides in patient's superior and inferior gluteal area.

RESULTSSuperior and inferior gluteal artery originated from internal iliac artery. Several main perforators of large caliber were found in the paraischia and central portions of the gluteal muscle, its number was 10 - 15. The length of the vessels varies from 3 to 8 cm and their diameter from 1 - 1.5 mm. These significant perforators pass through the muscle itself and the fascial portion of the muscle to the overlying skin on the gluteal region. The dorsal branches of nervorum lumbalium perforate the deep fascia just above the iliac crest, lateral to the posterior superior iliac spine. If a nerve branch with a substantial diameter crosses the incision line, the nerve can be harvested within the flap. This nerve can be anastomosed to the anterior ramus of the lateral branch of the 4th intercostals nerve. In adult female, 3 - 5 perforators were located by ultrasound Doppler. They distributed in the triangle area among posterior superior iliac crest, the great trochanter and the coccyx.

CONCLUSIONSThe area and diameter of perforators of superior gluteal artery were relatively confirmed. It's possible to harvest the perforator flap without any muscle. It has the advantage of conventional myocutaneous flap with out of its disadvantages. It's easy to detect those perforator by ultrasound Doppler clinically. The nerve can be harvested and anastomosed simultaneously. Because the inferior gluteal area is a weight loading area, we suggested to use superior gluteal artery perforator flap. This flap can be transferred pedicled to treat sacral pressure sores or to be transferred freely for the breast reconstruction.

Adult ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Buttocks ; blood supply ; innervation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation