Animals ; Botulinum Toxins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bruxism ; drug therapy ; Dystonia ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; drug therapy ; Sialorrhea ; drug therapy ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; drug therapy

Objective To evaluate the role of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mito-KATe) channels in attenuation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by dexmedetomidine in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty healthy male Wistar rats,weighing 290-340 g,were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S) ; group I/R; dexmedetomidine group (group D) ; 5-HD (a specific blocker of mito-KATPchannel) group and 5-HD + dexmedetomidine group (group 5-HD + D).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate.Focal cerebral I/R was produced by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.In group D,dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally before ischemia and after onset of reperfusion.In group 5-HD,5-HD 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before ischemia.In 5-HD + D group,5-HD 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before ischemia and the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group D.Twelve rats were chosen at 24 and 48 h of reperfusion to assess the neurological deficit score (NDS).The animals were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of cerebral infarct size by TTC staining.Results Compared with S group,NDS and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased at each time point in the other four groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,NDS and cerebral infarct size were significantly decreased in D and 5-HD + D groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in 5-HD group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group D,NDS and infarct size were significantly increased in group 5-HD + D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mito-KATP channels are involved in reduction of I/R-induced cerebral injury by dexmedetomidine in rats.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of RNA interference on the expression of Aurora A in U251 cells, and the influence on proliferation and apoptosis of U251 cells. Methods The siRNA specific for Aurora A was synthesized and transfected into U251 cells in vitro. Aurora A mRNA expression and protein content were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and flow cytometry(FCM). Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of U251 cells. Results After transfection, the expression level of Aurora A mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01), and the protein content of Aurora A was also obviously reduced. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation reached up to 67.57% 72 hours after transfection, which was significantly higer than that of normal control group(P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of U251 cells was significantly increased from (3.69±0.87)% to (15.34±2.16)% (P<0.01). Under the transmission electron microscope, it was observed that the U251 cells showed typical morphologic changes of apoptosis after transfection, such as karyopyknosis, chromatin condensation and margination, intracytoplasmic vacuoles formed, and apoptotic bodies formed. Conclusion The expression of Aurora A gene can be inhibited by siRNA successfully, and it results in the suppression of cell growth and induce apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. Aurora A may become a new target for the gene therapy of gliomas.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and the patients' quality of life (QOL).

METHODSA total of 492 TMD patients were included in this study. The clinical examination results were recorded using Fricton index of temporomandibular joint function. "Visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation of QOL disturbance" was designed to quantitate patients' QOL, to evaluate the degree that the patients QOL was affected.

RESULTSChewing, daily life and emotion among all 8 items of QOL were frequently affected by TMD, and joint clicking had the least influence on QOL. Intermittent closed lock had more severe interference with QOL than joint clicking only. Severe and moderate pain or limited mouth opening affected the QOL more severely than mild pain or mild limited mouth opening. The simple linear relationship between Fricton index and patients' QOL was poor (r < 0.4).

CONCLUSIONSPain is the most frequently seen symptom in TMD. TMD could affect patients' QOL, including both physical and social-psychological functions. The results suggest that the patients' QOL as well as TMD symptoms and signs should be considered in the management of TMD.

Objective To evaluate low-weight mesh for tension-free repair of inguinal hernia in the elders. Methods 120 old patients ( age at 60 -97 years) underwent tension-free repair of inguinal hernia by using low-weight mesh. The early complications, time of up and about, hospital stay, postoperative chronic pain,foreign body feelings and hernia recurrence were analyzed. Results The operations were successful in all cases and the average time of operation was (43 ± 12 ) min. 9 cases suffered from edema of the scrotum, 5 cases suffered urine retention, 4 cases suffered from incision hematoma. The average time of outof-bed was ( 17.4 ± 1.8 ) h, the average hospital days was ( 7.4 ± 1.9) d. However, there were 1.7%(2/120) patients suffering from slight chronic pain and 9. 1% (11/120) patients complaining foreign body feelings. There was no recurrence after follow-up for 6 to 48 months. Conclusions The clinical application of low-weight mesh for tension-free repair of inguinal hernia in old age is safe and effective, with an additional advantage of low occurrence of chronic pain and foreign body feelings.

Objective To find out related proteins that could possibly predict curative effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) by applying surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF MS)to detect the difference in protein spectrum of breast cancer tissues.Methods Cancer tissue samples from 30 cases of breast cancer patients were detected by SELDI-TOF MS before NACT to get protein spectrum of breast cancer tissues.After NACT,the curative effects were evaluated according to RECIST standard and patients were divided into effective group(19 cases with complete response or partial response)and invalid group (11 cases with stable disease or progressive disease).Results 11 different protein peaks (P ＜ 0.05) were screened out:3491 Da(t =3.189 P =0.004),5158 Da(t =3.897 P =0.001),5360 Da(t =2.157 P =0.04),7549 Da(t =2.173 P=0.038),8451 Da(t =2.258 P =0.032),8694 Da(t =3.234 P =0.003),9089 Da (t =2.653 P =0.013),10528 Da(t =3.127 P =0.004),13445 Da(t =2.231 P =0.034),15118 Da(t =3.255 P =0.003),and 44065 Da(t =2.554 P =0.017).They were all expressed higher in effective group than in invalid group.The difference had statistical significance(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion SELDI-TOF MS technology can screen out protein spectrum sensitive to NACT,providing evidences for breast cancer patients whether or not taking NACT.

Objective To explore the safety of Habib VesOpen bipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) catheter used in the treatment of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Methods A total of 10 miniature pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A(n=6):RFA of normal portal vein was directly performed;group B (n=2): balloon obstruction of the portal vein was performed first, which was followed by RFA for the fresh thrombus in the portal vein; group C (n=2): PVTT model was established first, and RFA of the portal vein was carried out when the portal thrombus became organized. MRI examination was employed at one, 3 and 4 weeks after RFA; the animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after RFA and pathological examination of portal vein was performed. Results Pigs of group A received portal vein RFA under the condition of 5 W power for 0.6-3.6 min. No obvious abnormality was detected by MRI and pathological examination , which were performed one month after the treatment. In the pigs of group B , MRI performed after RFA showed that the damage of portal vein area was more serious than that in the pigs of group A;abdominal MRI examination performed at one, 3 and 4 weeks after RFA showed that the portal venous edema was gradually decreased;pathological examination at one month after RFA demonstrated serious injury of adjacent liver tissue. Pigs of group C received portal vein RFA under the condition of 7 W power for 1.5 min; no obvious edema of the ablated area was observed on MRI performed after RFA , and pathological examination revealed organized thrombus necrosis and va scular endothelial cell damage. Conclusion When Habib VesOpen bipolar RFA catheter is used for the treatment of PVTT, the RFA power and time should be properly selected according to the severity of PVTT. In order to ensure a safer procedure, high power and short ablation time should be used when the severity of PVTT is mild, while low power and longer ablation time are recommended when the PVTT is more severe.

Objective To explore ideal surgical axillary management of early breast cancer,and to determine the feasibility of reducing false negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)by combination of axillary suspicious lymph node biopsy and SLNB.Methods From Jan.2008 to Oct.2009,42 consecutive cases with early breast cancer were enrolled.All patients underwent suspicious node hook-wire location by doppler ultrasonography before operation.SLNB and suspicious lymph node biopsy were performed during operation.Complete axillary nodes dissection(ALND)or level II dissection would be conducted according to the biopsy result.The difference of node status prediction between SLNB and SLNB with axillary suspicious lymph node biopsy and was compared.Results All the 42 cases successfully underwent SLNB (100%).There were 2 false negatives occurred in SLNB,resulting in false negative rate of 11%,sensitivity of 88.9%and accuracy of 95.2%in predicting axillary nodes status.By contrast,SLNB with axillary suspicious node biopsy showed a false-negative rate of 0%,sensitivity of 100%,and accuracy of 100%.Conclusions Compared to SLNB in early breast cancer,combination of suspicious node biopsy and SLAB has a tendency of reducing false negative rate.However,Because of the limited samples,the difference has no statistical significance(P=0.2500).

Objective To evaluate the effects of the chronic Keshan disease's self-management in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province. Methods According to "The Serf Management Program of Chronic Keshan Disease in Liangshen Prefecture of Sichuan Province", 56 chronic Keshan disease patients were selected in the personalized self-manngemant evaluation under the instructions by endemic disease specialists and the rural doctors. Evaluation was based on changes of indexes such as the clinical symptoms, general health conditions, the electrocardiogram, X-ray, the heart function, etc, before treatment and 3 and 6 months following the treatment. Results Clinical signs and symptoms of the patients were significantly improved 3 and 6 months after the treatment, and the improvement was more obvious 6 months than 3 months following the treatment(P<0.05 or< 0.01). After treatment for 3 months, the patients'electrocardingram and heart function did not show obvious change (X2=0.05,039, P0.05); hut obvious improvements Eexcept X ray results(X2=0.61 ,P0.05)] were seen 6 months after treatment (X2=4.36,16.84, P<0.05 or<0.01). Altogether, among the 56 patients evaluated after treatment for 6 months, none achieved the clinical cure standard, 26 cases(46.3%) showed significant improvement, 17 cases (30.4%) were stable, 5 cases (8.9%) were aggravated,one case (1.8%) lost contact, and 6 cases (10.6%) died. Conclusion The project of the chronic Keshan disease's self-management is suitable for the present situati,on of the endemic regions and can he introduced to many places in our country.

OBJECTIVETo study c-fos and substance P expression in the central nervous system following mechanical and chemical nociceptive stimulation to the masseters in rats with occlusal interference.

METHODSOcclusal interference was made by bonding a 2 mm long dentin screw in the pulp cavity of the first maxillary molar in the left side. Seven days after occlusal interference, the rats in occlusal interference and mechanical stimulus group and mechanical stimulus control group were light anesthetized and nociceptive mechanical stimulus were applied to the ipsilateral masseter. Pain response was recorded and all the animals were killed 2 hours later. The rats in the other two groups were deep anesthetized and 100 microL 5% formalin was injected into the ipsilateral masseter, killed 2 hours later. The brainstem and cervical spinal cord were processed c-fos and substance P immunoreactivity and data were quantitatively analyzed.

RESULTSBoth mechanical and chemical stimulus to the ipsilateral masseter induced increasing neuronal c-fos expression in the trigeminal nucleus and in the cervical spinal dorsal horn in occlusal interference and mechanical stimulus group and occlusal interference and chemical stimulus group (P < 0.05). Following mechanical stimulation to the ipsilateral masseter, substance P expression in the trigeminal nucleus transition zone was increased in occlusal interference and mechanical stimulus group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe central neuronal sensitization in the brainstem may play an important role in the masticatory muscle pain induced by occlusal interference.