Objective To investigate the properties of hind foot motion and it's changes in ankle or subtalar joint arthrodesis. Methods Eight fresh frozen adult leg-foot specimens were mounted in a coordinated system, a Steinmann pin was perforated across the calcaneus as a marker. The displacements of the marked points in the coordinated system were recorded when subtalar or ankle joint was fixed respectively. Through matrix translation and Euler equation, the angle of the calcaneus rotation were calculated, representing the motion of the subtalar and ankle joints in different condition, Statistical analysis were also taken between different conditions. Results Three dimensional (3-D) motion was observed in hind foot motion. The range of motion with ankle joint fixation was: inversion 15.99??2.81?, eversion 8.62??1.90?, dorsiflexion 3.70??1.00?, plantar flexion 5.87??1.39?, adduction 7.64??2.04?, and abduction 3.99??1.78?. When subtalar joint was fixed, they were: 7.13??1.07?, 5.52??0.85?, 17.09??2.87?, 30.75??5.04?, 10.77??1.56?, and 6.54??1.88? respectively. While they were 22.62??3.21?, 40.88??5.77?, 18.87??3.89?, 9.12??2.05?, 17.48??2.26? and 11.47??2.29?, when no joint was fixed. Arthrodeses of ankle or subtalar joint would affect the hindfoot motion significantly (P

BACKGROUND: Distractor has decided the development of distraction osteogenesis since it was applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery. How to breach the limit of traditional distraction osteogenesis lies on designing three-dimensional (3-D) distractor.OBJECTIVE: To explore the design and manufacture of 3-D external distractor for zygomatic bone.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.DESIGN: An experiment of the external distraction system for 3-D distraction osteogenesis.MATERIALS: The distractor was made of biological material titanium with well histocompatibility, and consisted of three parts (support, expansion and direction-change) as well as some fittings such as titanium backup plate, spanner and rubber mat, etc.METHODS: Caprine of 10 months old were selected to separate the heads and prepare for isolated zygomatic models. Zygomatic bones were generally curve and made up of four-process-in-one, with the identical formation as human being. According to principle of mechanical movement,two support plates were designed to move relatively, which transferred randomly along with two perpendicular directions. It was done to change the direction and model 3-D distraction osteogenesis on zygomatic bone of the isolated caprine cranium.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 3-D transference of expansion board and whole stabilization of distractor were observed in the process of distraction osteogenesis.RESULTS: The self-prepared 3-D external distractor was 30 g. The lengthener was built to provide 3-D suture expansion osteogenesis by changing the direction. The expansion bar could be moved about 2 cm in anteroposterior axes, 3.5 cm in perpendicular axes, 3 cm in coronal axes.CONCLUSION: The 3-D distractor is simple, accurate and practicable in experimental study, and lays a foundation for clinical study in the future.

Based on the anatomic data and fractal theory, the vascular tree model of forearms similar to actual vessel was established, and then the 3D heat transfer model of forearms based on the actual vessel anatomic structure was created. The model was analyzed and investigated with finite element method to explore the influential factors such as dimensional distribution of vessel, blood perfusion rate and external heat source for the 3D temperature field. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data derived from Pennes. The model well reflects the regional difference of tissue temperature caused by the irregular distribution of vessel, and provides temperature guidance for tumor thermotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo summarize laws of acupoint selection of prescriptions for treatment of cervicogenic headache by acupuncture in modern literature.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of cervicogenic headache were recruited from CBM (1978-2012), VIP (1989-2012), Wanfang Database (1998-2012), CNKI (1979-2012), PubMed (1966-2012), EMbase (1980-2012), and Cochrane Library (Volume 4, 2012). Hand recruitment was also auxiliarily used. The frequency and percentage of common acupoints, the distribution of acupoints along 14 meridians and across each part of the body, the application of specific acupoints, and features of using prescriptions for specific acupoints were statistically described.

RESULTSTotally 37 recruited papers included 42 acupoints and 159 times. Common acupoints covered Fengchi (GB20, 28 times), Jingjiaji (EX-B2, 21 times), Baihui (DU 20, 12 times), Tianzhu (BL9, 1 times), and Ashi point (11 times). Meridians along which acupoints were used mainly covered Foot-shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, Foot-taiyang Bladder Meridian,and DU meridian. Acupoints were mainly needled from head, neck, and upper limbs. Eight confluence points and luo-connecting point were commonest used as specific acupoints. Acupuncture prescriptions were mostly composed of multiple acupoints. Filliform needle was mainly used in acupuncture methods, followed by electro-acupuncture needle.

CONCLUSIONSModern acupuncture treatment of cervicogenic headache focuses on local specific points and acupoints along meridians. Acupoints were mostly selected from head, neck, and upper limbs by syndrome typing of Chinese medicine.

Objective:To analyze the causes and risk factors for failure of internal fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 568 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated with PFNA fixation at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin from March 2013 to March 2018. They were 348 males and 220 females, aged from 44 to 93 years (average, 74.6 years). According to the fracture stability classification, the patients were divided into a stable group of 424 cases and an unstable group of 144 cases. According to the AO classification, the stable group had type 31-A1 and type 31-A2.1 while the unstable group type 31-A2.2, type 31-A2.3 and type 31-A3. The 2 groups were compared in terms of reduction quality, rate of internal fixation failure, and function of the affected hip. Single factor and multi-factor binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors responsible for failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Results:There were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability between groups ( P> 0.05). Internal fixation failure occurred in 19 cases, which was caused by spiral blade withdrawal in 13 cases, femoral neck shortening in 17 cases, hip varus in 14 cases, and spiral blade cut-out in 14 cases. The failure rate for the stable group was 1.2% (5/424), significantly lower than that for the unstable group [9.7%,(14/144)] ( P<0.05). The Harris hip score at the last follow-up for the stable group [98(95,100)] was significantly higher than that for the unstable group [84 (82, 87)] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in reduction quality between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that osteoporosis ( OR=7.283, 95% CI: 1.626 to 32.623, P=0.009) and unstable fracture ( OR=11.607, 95% CI: 4.039 to 33.355, P<0.001) were risk factors responsible for the failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Conclusions:PFNA fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fracture can lead to a high failure rate. It forms a lever like structure so that the main stress is shifted to the internal fixation. Its lever fulcrum is located at the angle of intramedullary fixation so that a long arm forms at the load-bearing side, leading to a high failure rate. The weight-free time should be longer for patients with osteoporosis and unstable fracture after operation.

Objective To explore high stage affective theory of mind(ToM) of alexithymics.Methods 24 alexithymics (study group,TAS-20 ≥ 61) and 26 non-alexithymics (control group,TAS-20 ≤ 51) were screened from college students according to the sore of TAS-20.The scores of reading the mind in the eyes test(RMET),fixation numbers and fixation duration in area of interest (AOI) were recorded by HiSpeed Eye Tracker.The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test.Results There was no differences in scores of RMET between control group and study group (M(Q):23.50(5.00) vs 24.00 (5.00),Z=-1.044,P＞0.05).Fixation numbers and fixation duration in study group were higher than those in control group (fixation number:616.00(412.80) vs 579.00(371.30),Z=-2.010,P＜0.05;fixation duration:187363.35(106339.28)msvs 139087.55(67335.58)ms,Z=-2.632,P＜0.01).Conclusion Alexithymics are impaired in high stage affective ToM.

Objective To compare the outcomes of powered-assisted septoplasty with CO_ 2 laser-assisted septoplasty. Methods Thitry patients with limited deviation of nasal septum were analyzed retrospectively. Among 30 patients, 18 underwent powered-assisted septoplasty and the rest underwent CO_ 2 laser-assisted septoplasty. The surgical results were assessed by the visual analogue scale (VSA) and acoustic rhinometry. Results VSA scores significantly improved in both groups after surgery (P

Objective To study the value of three dimensional contrast enhanced subtraction MRA(3D CES MRA)in the diagnosis of body and lower extremity blood vessel disease Methods Eighteen cases were studied by 3D ECS MRA and proved by operationResults 3D CES MRA images were of diagnostic quality without ghost for all 18 patients.3D CES MRA clearly showed normal vascular anatomy and various disorders.According to surgery,the sensitivity and specificity of 3D CES MRA in the diagnosis of body and lower extremity blood vessel diseases were both 100%.Conclusion 3D CES MRA is a new technique in diagnosing of body and lower extremity blood vessel diseases.It is proved to be a simple,noninvasive and commercial method in diagnosing blood vessel diseases.

Objective To investigate the special cases of distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle. Methods Since February 2004,distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle was applied for repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in 7 cases, the soft tissue defeat simultaneous chronic osteomylitis of tibia lower section 1 case, the soft tissue defeat simultaneous dead space of foot heel 3 cases, the soft tissue defeat of sole of foot simultaneous bone loss of calcaneus epicarp (5～8 mm) 3 cases, the scope of the flap was 16 cm?12 cm～10 cm?7 cm, the thickness of gastrocnemius flap was 1～4 cm, the muscle flap was smaller than the skin flap. Results Viewing 15 to 20 minutes during operation, muscle side of the muscle flap was errhysising actively, blood circulation fine, all flap were lively. All cases were followed up from 2 to 6 months, osteomyelitis cured, muscle flap outline satisfied, feels recoveried almost, and walk well. Conclusion Distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle can live, the operation is easy, and it is an good donner area in repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in special cases.