Humans ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive ; Acupuncture Therapy

Objective To investigate the effect of bifidobacterial adhesin (BA) on nuclear factor of κB (NF-κB) and cytokines of intestinal mucosa of stressed rats.Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into stress group (n =24) and BA group (n =24) using the stochastic indicator method.After the stressed rat models were established withfettering as the stress condition,the experiment lasted 8 days.Both groups were given enteral nutrition (EN) with heat 125.4 kJ/(kg · d) and nitrogen 0.2 g/(kg · d).The BA group was fed with EN plus 5 mg/ (kg · d) bifidobacterial adhesin,and the stress group was fed with EN plus equivalent volume of normal saline [5 mg/ (kg · d)].The levels of NF-κB,interleukin-10 (IL-10),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured in both groups before modeling,after modeling,on the 3rd intervention day,and on the 8th intervention day.The changes in the morphology of intestinal mucosal were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results (1) Expression of NF-κB:The positive expression rate of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa was 0,79.2％,63.5％,and 66.7％ in the control group and 0,68.4％,55.7％,and 45.8％ in the BA group before modeling,after modeling,on the 3rd intervention day,and on the 8th intervention day.The expressions of NF-κB in both groups significantly increased after the modeling (both P =0.000).Even on the 3rd and 8th intervention days,the positive expression rates of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa were still significantly higher than the pre-modeling level (both P =0.000).Compared with the levels after modeling and in the control group,the expression of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa in the BA group on the 8th intervention day was significantly down-regulated (P =0.015,P =0.021).(2) Quantitative expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ:Compared with the pre-modeling levels,the intestinal mncosa levels of TNF-α [stressed group:(154.63 ± 17.52) pg/g,(198.72 ±26.59) pg/g; BA group:(154.63 ±17.52) pg/g,(201.45 ±28.16) pg/g],IFN-γ [stressed group:(39.47 ±5.76) pg/g,(55.32 ±5.93) pg/g; BA group:(39.47 ± 5.76),(60.75 ± 7.68) pg/g] and the plasma levels of TNF-α [stressed group:(17.35±2.62) pg/g,(30.56±4.85) ng/L; BA group:(83.31 ±9.78) pg/g,(114.82±13.78) ng/L] and IFN-γ [stressed group:(17.35 ±2.62) pg/g,(28.73 ±4.17) ng/L; BA group:(17.35 ± 2.62) pg/g,(30.56 ± 4.85) ng/L] significantl increased (all P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd and 8th intervention day,the intestinal mucosa levels of IFN-γ [(58.16 ± 7.38) pg/g,(56.37 ± 7.29) pg/g] and TNF-α [(215.76 ±31.54) pg/g and (211.83 ±33.61) pg/g] and plasma levels of IFN-γ [(29.35 ±4.76) ng/L,(30.25±3.67) ng/L] andTNF-α [(125.71 ±17.38) ng/L,(141.26±19.65) ng/L] in the stressed group were significantly higher than the pre-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd and 8th intervention day,the intestinal mucosa levels of IFN-γ [(165.43 ± 24.58) pg/g,(171.57 ± 26.87) pg/g]and IFN-γ [(42.35 ±4.92) pg/g,(40.58 ±4.65) pg/g] and the plasma levels of TNF-α [(103.96 ±13.68) ng/L,(94.53±12.66) ng/L] and IFN-γ [(20.78±2.84) ng/L,(19.65±2.45) ng/L] in the BA group were significantly lower than the post-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05),whereas those of IL (intestinal mucosa:(62.82 ±8.34) pg/g,(75.16 ±9.65) pg/g; plasma:(43.32 ±5.28) ng/L,(55.64 ±6.87) ng/L] were significantly higher than the post-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the stressed group,the intestinal mucosa levels of TNF-α and IFN-γand plasma levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α significantly decreased while the IL-10 level significantly increased (all P ＜0.05) in the BA group.(3) Histomorphology showed that,compared that the ileal mucosal villi and crypt structure were recovered in the BA group on the 8th intervention day.Compared with the post-modeling conditions,the ileal mucosal villi and crypt structure were damaged in the stressed group,showing edema of the lamina propria,in which inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Conclusions BA is helpful for the repair of the intestinal mucosa injury after stress by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of intestinal mucosa.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tonsillectomy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; instrumentation

Background and purpose: Astrocytoma is the most common neuroepithelial neoplasm, and its grading has profound effect on its treatment and prognosis. To investigate the application of stepwise discriminant analysis in grading astrocytomas, this study developed two models of stepwise discriminant analysis according to relevant factors of astrocytoma. Methods: From January 2008 to April 2009, 111 primary astrocytoma patients were enrolled. Each patient was scored based on location, signal intensity on T1WI, signal intensity on T2WI, enhancement, edema, border, cyst or solidness, and mass effect of their magnetic resonance images. With their age score of grading, Fisher stepwise discriminant analysis and the Logistic discdminant were used. The results from the two models were then evaluated and compared. Results: According to Fisher stepwise diseriminant analysis, the predictive accuracy was 87.7% with 80.0% sensitivity, 91.5% specificity and 0.942 area of ROC curve. However, the predictive accuracy of Logistic discriminant analysis was 84.9% with 80.0% sensitivity, 86.8% specificity and 0.940 area of ROC curve. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of accuracy (P=0.250) and areas under ROC curve (Z=0.433, P=0.665) between the two models. Conclusion: Two stepwise discriminant analysis models are meaningful to predict the grading of astrocytoms, and the application of Fisher stepwise discriminant analysis is simpler than the Logistic discriminant analysis.

The zinc chloride and cystine resistant strain of S.cerevisiae YZM-14(ZnCl2r,Cysr) was screened with the mutant processing of the protoplast of S.cerevisiae by combinative mutagens of ultraviolet and nitrite.The glutathione(GSH) production(84.72 mg/L),dry cell weight(7.63 g/L) and the intracellular GSH content(11.10 mg/g) of YZM-14 were 2.79,1.63 and 1.71 times compared with that of the initial strain.The biosynthetic process of GSH was divided into three phases according to the time course of the specific cell growth rate and GSH yielding coefficient.In the second phase,the metabolic flux of the pentose phosphate pathway and the GSH precursors biosynthetic pathway of the mutant strain increased by 8.1 mmol/(g?h),compared with that of the initial strain.Furthermore,the metabolic flux of the organic acids secretion of the mutant strain decreased.Through these mechanisms,the utilization efficiency of the carbon sources was enhanced and high production of GSH was obtained.

Objective To observe the effect of dexamethasone(Dex)on the proliferation and os- teogenic differentiation of human marrow stromal cells(MSCs)in vitro.Methods The primary human MSCs were isolated and cultured by Ficoll seperation culture in vitro.In subcultures,human MSCs were respectively treated with dexamethasone 10~(-9),10~(-8) and 10~(-7) mol/L.The proliferation of human MSCs was measured using MTF method;cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity was measured;the osteogenic marker osteopontin (OPN)mRNA were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The op- tical density values in cultures treated with dexamethasone 10~(-8) and 10~(-7) mol/L for 8 days were significantly lower than those in the controls(P＜0.05).Treatment of cells with Dex for 12 days led to a significant increase in cytoplasmic ALP activity(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Dex induced OPN mRNA.Conclusion Dex inhibits the proliferation of human MSCs and dexamethasone 10~(-7) mol/L leads to a strong decrease in cell number.Dex induces human MSCs differentiate to osteoblastic cells.

To determine the relationship between the intercellular adhesion operon (ica) and the biofilm production in Staphylococcus epidennidis isolates from nosocomial infection, and the affection of ica on the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates, we collected 106 strains, epidermidis isolates from nosocomial infection specimen to detect their biofilm production by quantitative and qualitative method and investigate the existence of ica operon by PCR. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to erythromycin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, teco-planin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin were tested. Among the isolates, 33 (31. 1% ) of them were detected out carrying ica operon. The rate of biofilm production of the ica-posi-tive isolates was higher than that of the ica-negative (P =0. 001) . By adding glucose and NaCl into the culture the detection rate of biofilm production could be increased. The antibiotic susceptibility of the plankton cells of ica-positive isolates to erythromycin, cefoxitin and ceftriaxone , except ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and tremethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were lower than those of ica-negative isolates. This study showed that the existence of ica operon was close related to the biofilm formation in 5. epidermidis isolates from nosocomial infection. However, the mechanism of antibiotic resistance of the strains inside the biofilm still needed to be illustrated.

Objective To determine the genotypes and their epidermiology of microlide, lincosamide and streptogramin B(MLS_B)resistant S.epidermidis isolates causing nosocomial infection.Method 126 isolates were collected from inpatients in three hospitals in Beijing from 2003-2004 for testing the antibiotic susceptibility to the macrolide erythromycin,the lincosamide clindamycin.The resistance phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant isolates were determined by the double-disc test with erythromycin and clindamycin.The presence of the relative genes(ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA)to MLS_B resistance was identified by PCR and the similarity of the isolates was analyzed by PFGE.Result The isolates were mostly resistant to macrolide and lincosamide.In the constitutive phenotype cMLS_B isolates,the methicillin resistant S.epidermidis(MRSE)proportion appeared high(78.5%),whereas high methicillin susceptible S.epidermidis(MSSE)proportion was found in the inducible MLS_B phenotype(iMLS_B) (69.2%).ermC was shown as the most frequent determinant to the resistance,not only in MRSE and MSSE (70.8% and 6.8%),but also in iMLS_B and cMLS_B(76.9% and 90.3%).No specific endemic strain was found by PFGE analysis.The same resistance phenotype pattern was not clustered together and distributed into type A～F at the similarity of 60%.Among the phenotypes(cMLS_B,iMLS_B and MS phenotype),no significant difference was shown in the PFGE genotype distribution.Conclusion Our results indicate that the MLS_B resistance in S.epidermidis causing nosocomial infection is prevalent in the hospital and MLS_B antibiotics should be used iudiciously,ermC was shown as the most frequent determinant to the resistance.

Objective To explore the change of nerve growth factors(NGF) through the blood brain barrier(BBB) after distal intravenous injection of mannitol into the experimental rats and the effect of exogenous NGF on the expression of growth associated protein-43 in hypoxic-ischemic brain.Methods One hundred cases of 7 days rats were divided into 2 units.One unit was divided into 3 groups:treatment group,control group and sham operated group,20 rats in each group.The other unit was divided into 4 groups:mannitol and NGF treated group,NGF treated group,control group,and sham operated group,there were 10 rats in each group.The model rats with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) rats were prepared by ligation of left common carotid artery with a temporary systemic hypoxia(inhaling 80 mL/L O2 and 920 mL/L N2).The sections of brains were processed by immunochemistry with antibodies against GAP-43,and the study and memory ability of rats were tested by maze test.The effect of osmotic opening of BBB on the facilitation of NGF′s passage was tested by ELISA.Results The expression of GAP-43 increased after NGF treatment,and the differences were remarkable(P

Objective To study the effect of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in treatment of acute severe cholecystitis.Method The perioperative data of patients treated with PTGBD combined with LC and patients treated with emergency LC were analyzed.Results There were no significant difference between the two groups on surgical duration (t =0.601,P =0.551) and postoperative hospital stay (t =0.979,P =0.331).Blood loss [PTGBD + LC (79.43 ± 46.27) ml,LC (125.84 ± 64.18) ml ; t =3.641,P ＜ 0.05],peritoneal drainage time [PTGDB + LC (3.29 ± 1.58) d,LC (4.63 ± 2.31) d ; t =3.131,P ＜ 0.05] and postoperative oral intake time [PTGBD +LC (2.91 ±1.58)d,LC (4.21 ±2.22)d; t =2.669,P＜0.05] were significantly different between the two groups.The rate of laparotomy,mortality and postoperative complications in the emergency LC group were higher than those in the PTGBD combined with LC group.Conclusions PTGBD combined with LC in the treatment of acute severe cholecystitis was significantly better than emergency LC.