Objective To investigate the long-term effects of intrauterine mild hyperglycemia exposure and postnatal high fat diet on the body weight and metabolism of offspring through a pregnant rat model of intrauterine mild hyperglycemia.Methods Twenty-one pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into intrauterine hyperglycemia group and control group.Twenty percent streptozotocin (STZ,25 mg/kg)was given to rats of intrauterine hyperglycemia group by a single intraperitoneal injection to induce intrauterine mild hyperglycemia; control group rats received an equal volume of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer.Off springs were divided into 4 groups:exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia and fed with normal diet group(group DN)or high fat diet group (group DF) ; exposed to intrauterine euglycemia and fed with normal diet group(group CN)or high fat diet group(group CF).The blood glucose levels of pregnant rats in two groups and body weights of offsprings in four groups were recorded.At the age of 28 weeks,the mesenteric fat amount,epididymal amount,perirenal fat amount,total triglyceride (TG)and high density 1 ipoprotein-cholestrol(HDL-C) were measured in all four groups.Results (1) The average blood glucose level of intrauterine hyperglycemia group[(16.6 ± 3.4) mmol/L] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(5.8 ± 1.1) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.01].(2) On the birth day,3 weeks and 4 weeks,the body weight of group DN [(7.4 ± 0.6),(44.1 ± 5.9),(79.6 ± 7.4) g] and group DF [(7.4 ± 0.2),(43.9 ±6.9),(76.1 ± 5.8) g] were remarkably increased compared with group CN [(6.6 ± 0.5),(35.6 ± 4.4),(71.5±6.8) g,P＜0.05]; but the body weight in group CF [(6.7 ±0.5),(33.0 ±6.5),(66.1 ±10.2) g] had no statistical difference compared with group CN(P ＞ 0.05).(3)From then on,the bodyweights of the offsprings in four groups presented an increasing trend,but there was no statistical difference until 28 weeks(P ＞0.05).(4) The perirenal fat amount of group DN,group CF and group DF [(13.8 ±3.3),(14.3 ± 3.2),(18.4 ± 1.3) g] were remarkably increased compared with group CN [(9.7 ± 3.5) g,P ＜ 0.05] ; the epididymal fat amount of group CF and group DF were also significantly increased compared to group CN(P ＜ 0.05) ; the mesenteric fat amount in four groups had no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).(5) The TG level of group DN,group CF and group DF[(0.52 ±0.14),(0.52 ±0.09),(0.54 ±0.17)mmol/L] were significantly higher compared to group CN [(0.41 ± 0.09) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05],but there was no statistical difference within the first three groups (P ＞ 0.05) ; the HDL-C level in four groups had no statistical difference(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In intrauterine mild hyperglycemia environment,there were some evidently metabolic changes observed in the offspring,including body weight increasing on birth day and early postnatal period,visceral fat amount increasing and lipid metabolism disorders,which could be aggravated by postnatal high fat diet.

AIM: To compare the dissolution of asperosaponin Ⅵ between the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder of Radix Dipsaci.METHODS : The real contents,in vitro release and releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵ were determined by HPLC for the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder.RESULTS: In the ultra- micro powder and the ordinary powder,the real content of asperosaponin Ⅵ were 4.87%,4.74%,respectively; in vitro release in 1 h were 48.2 mg/g,47.5 mg/g,respectively; releasing rate parameter T_(0.9) were 0.23 min,10.41 min,respectively.CONCLUSION: The ultra- micro porphyrization could not influent the real content and in vitro release of asperosaponin Ⅵ in Radix Dipsaci.But it could improve the releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵ.

AIM:To compare the dissolution of asperosaponin Ⅵ between the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder of Radix Dipsaci.METHODS:The real contents,in vitro release and releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵwere determined by HPLC for the ultra-micro powder and the fine powder.RESULTS:In the ultra-micro powder and the ordinary powder,the real content of asperosaponin Ⅵ were 4.87%,4.74%,respectively;in vitro release in 1 h were 48.2 mg/g,47.5 mg/g,respectively;releasing rate parameter T_ 0.9 were 0.23 min,10.41 min,respectively.CONCLUSION:The ultra-micro porphyrization could not influent the real content and in vitro release of asperosaponin Ⅵ in Radix Dipsaci.But it could improve the releasing rate of asperosaponin Ⅵ.

Objective To explore the new approach of operatively treating internal rectal mucosal prolapse. Methods 42 patients with internal rectal mucosal prolapse were treated with circular stapling procedure, and followed-up for 2～24 months after operation. Results Mean operative time circular stapling procedure was 18 minutes, and mean hospitalization time of the patients was 3 days. The clinical symptoms were obviously improved after operation. Anastomotic stoma bleeding was found in 9 patients (21.4 %) during operation. Urinary retension was found in 17 patients (40.5%), who needed catheterization. Sensation of rectal tenesmus occurred in 6 patients(14.3%). Infection, anal incontinence and rectovaginal fistula were not found in all the patients. Conclusion Circular stapling procedure is safe, simple and effective technique for treating internal rectal mucosal prolapse with the advantages of minimal invasion.

Objective To observe the role of cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) in acute experimental colitis in mice, and to explore its effect on the endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS ) in the intestinal mucosa . Methods 32 SPF mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,CB2 agonist group and CB2 antagonist group. Disease activity index( DAI) and colon histopathological score( HS) were evaluatd. The levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in colon tissue were detected by ELISA. The expression of CB2 and ERS markers GRP78, CHOP in colon tissues were de-tected by immunohistochemical. The mRNA levels of GRP78 and CHOP were detected by RT-PCR. Results Com-pared with the normal group,the level of TNF-αwas significantly higher and the level of IL-10 was significantly low-er(P<0. 05) in the model group,the expressions of GRP78, CHOP and its mRNA were significantly higher(P<0. 05). Compared with the model group,the expression of CB2 in the CB2 agonist group was significantly higher(P<0. 05),the level of TNF-α dropped and the level of IL-10 increased(P<0. 05),and the expressions of GRP78, CHOP and its mRNA were significantly reduced(P<0. 05). The level of IL-10,TNF-α and ERS markers had no significant difference bewteen CB2 antagonist group and the model group ( P>0. 05 ) . Conclusion Severe endo-plasmic reticulum stress exists in intestinal mucosa of experimental colitis mice. The CB2 agonist activates CB2 ex-pression,reducing colitis in mice. Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting ERS in intestinal mucosa.

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification and small incision non -phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and provide better options for clinical cataract treatment.
METHODS: According to the different operation methods, 98 cases of simple senile cataract patients in our hospital were divided into control group and treatment group, 49 cases in each. The control group received ultrasonic emulsification operation treatment; treatment group were treated by small incision non -phacoemulsification. Visual acuity, astigmatism values, average operation time, and complications were compared between two groups before and after operation.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative corneal astigmatism values of two groups at 3mo between two groups (P>0. 05). On other times, vision and corneal astigmatism were obviously better than those before operation (P<0. 05). The average vision, corneal astigmatism values and complications incidence of two group at operation time and different postoperative time had no statistical difference (P>0. 05). When the lens nucleus hardness was at Ⅰ~Ⅲ level, corneal endothelial cell count of two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). When the lens nucleus hardness was at Ⅳ ~ Ⅴlevel, there was statistical difference (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery has the similarly efficacy compared with phacoemulsification. It should be based on the actual situation of the hardness of nuclear to select the appropriate surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment of biliary cardiac reflex in the interventional treatment of obstructive jaundice.Methods Totally 600 patients with obstructive jaundice were selected and divided into group A (without any preventive measures) and group B (with prevention and treatment,injection of atropine),and each group had 300 cases.The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex was observed in two groups.The relationship between the incidence of biliary cardiac reflex and gender,age,ECG abnormalities were analyzed in both groups.The timing of biliary cardiac reflex in interventional surgery was observed.Results The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex in group A was 30.67％ (92/300),which was significantly higher than that in group B (22/300,7.33 ％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =53.06,P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between group A (4/300,1.33％) and group B (0) in the incidence of severe biliary cardiac reflex (x2 =0.45,P＞0.05).The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex in both groups was not associated with gender (both Φ=0.022,P＞0.05),but the incidence of biliary cardiac reflex in both groups was positively correlated with age and ECG abnormalities (Φage =0.593,0.229,ΦEcG =0.508,0.216,all P＜0.05).The incidence of biliary cardiac reflex was the highest in the balloon catheter on the stenosis or occlusion of the expansion in group A (55.43％,51/92) and group B (63.64％,14/22),which were higher than those of in puncture and angiography (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative injection of atropine can effectively prevent the occurrence of biliary cardiac reflex in interventional therapy,meanwhile the patients' own conditions are still need to be attention.

This paper expatiates the application of classification, clustering-based data mining technology to Clinical Laboratory Information System (CLIS) with the introduction of the concepts of CLIS and data mining.

BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in the formation of various tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, and ligament. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis by increasing the permeability and migration of endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE: To construct a co-expressing vector of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165), and observe the expression of BMP2 and VEGF165 in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).DESIGN: Observation control trail.SETTING: Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College and Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: The MSCs derived from the healthy adult volunteers of marrow donors. pIRES-EGFP-hVEGF165 containing total length of cDNA sequence of human VEGF165 gene was provided by Dr. Cheng Ting from Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College. pSP65-hBMP2 containing total length of cDNA sequence of human BMP2 gene was provided by Dr. Guo Ximin from the Academy of Military Medical Sciences. Enkaryotic expression vector pIRESneo (Clontech Company) Pyrobest DNA Polymerae, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase and plasmid extraction kit, DNA Fragment Purification Kit (TaKaRa Company), LiorfectamineTM liposome transfection kit, DMEM medium, trypase, TRIzoIRNA extraction kit (Gibco BRL), Omniscript RT kit (Qiagen), TaqplusDNA polymerase (Promega), PMSF, leupeptin, aprotinin, chymostatin (Sigma), protease inhibitor, PVDF membrane (Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech), rabbit anti-human BMP2 antibody and VEGF monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Company), goat anti-rabbit lgG-peroxydase (Wuhan Boster), G418 (Ameresco Company in U.S).METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College and the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between June 2005 and April 2006.hBMP2 and hVEGF165 cDNA were directional cloned into multiple clone sites of the eukaryotic expression vector pIRESneo. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restrictive enzyme Xho Ⅰ/Bgl Ⅱ digestion analysis and DNA sequencing. Liposome-mediated gene transfer method was used to transfect hBMSCs. For observation, the transfected cells were divided into IRES-hBMP2-VEGF165 group, pIRES-hBMP2 group, pIRES-VEGF165 group and empty vector group, which were transfected with pIRES-hBMP2-VEGF165, pIRES-hBMP2, pIRES-VEGF165 and pIRES-neo. Meanwhile, the same number nontransfected cells were selected as blank control group. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Weszern blot were employed to observe the expression and secretion of hBMP2 and hVEGF165 gene and protein.expression vector hBMP2 and hVEGF165 gene sequence were the same as reported after restrictive enzyme EcoRI and Bgl Ⅱ digestion analysis and pIRES-BMP2 gene sequencing, which showed that the recombinant plasmid pIRES-hBMP2-VEGF165 highly expressed hBMP2-mRNA and VEGF165-mRNA, but the non-transfected or transfected with pIRES-hBMP2-VEGF165 or pIRES-hBMP2 secreted a great quantity of hBMP2, but that non-transfected or transfected with pIRES-VEGF165 or empty vector secreted only little.CONCLUSION: The co-expressing vector of hBMP2 and hVEGF165 can be expressed stably in hBMSCs.

Background The rat model of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis is often used to study retinal degeneration.But the changes in the gene expression patterm in retinal degeneration in rats have not been reported.Objective This study was undertaken to investigate regulation of gene expression in the retina of MNU-induced retinal degeneration in rats by performing microarray analysis of retinal RNA.Methods Fifty 6-week-old SD rats were numbered and randomized into the normal group and the model group.The retinal degeneration model was established by a single hypodermic injection of 40 mg/kg of MNU,and the rats in the normal group received equivalent volume of physiological saline in the same way.The rats were sacrificed 12 hours or 24 hours after injection.Retinal sections from the right eyes were prepared for the measurement of the retinal thickness by histopathological examination,and retinas from the left eyes were used to confirm the differential gene expression as detected by microarray (normal group and 12 hours model group).Genes exhibiting changes in expression by ≥2.0 folds were further confirmed using real-time PCR.Results The whole thickness of the retina declined in the rats from the 24 hours model group compared to the normal group and 12 hours model group (t =9.926,P=0.002;t=2.736,P=0.028).The thickness of the outer nuclear layer was (26.58±2.90) μm in the 24 hours model group,showing a significant decrease in comparison with (38.11 ± 1.01) μm in the normal group and (35.07t3.03) μm in the 12 hours model group (t=6.028,P=0.009;t=6.839,P=0.006).However,there was no significant difference in retinal thickness between the normal group and the 12 hours model group (whole thickness:t=1.541,P=0.324;outer nuclear layer thickness:t=2.040,P=0.134).Microarray analysis of the rat genes showed that out of 17 000 genes,142 genes involved in biological process and 94 genes involved in molecular functions were differentially expressed,where most of them participate in the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway,Tolllike receptor signaling pathway and apoptosis pathway.Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of CCL2,IL-1b,CCL3,c-fos,c-myc,p53 and MMP3 were consistently up-regulated,conforming with the results from microarray analysis.Conclusions The changes in gene expression pattern appear in the early stage of MNUinduced retinal degeneration.These microarray results provided clues to understanding the molecular pathways underlying photoreceptor degeneration and indicating the directions for future studies.