Two new sesquiterpenoids, named as tyromols A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from cultures of basidiomycete Tyromyces chioneus, along with two previously reported 15-hydroxy-6 α, 12-epoxy-7β, 10αH, 11βH-spiroax-4-ene (3) and agripilol C (4). Compounds 1-4 were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
Basidiomycota ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sesterterpenes

Objective To explore the utility of cone-beam CT in the evaluation of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE). Methods In a retrospective study, images of DSA and cone-beam CT for PAE in 81 patients with moderate to severe grade benign prostatic hyperplasia were evaluated. In 162 cases of internal iliac arteries (ⅡAs) in 81 patients, images of 6 ⅡAs were excluded due to the technical problems. Therefore, images of 156ⅡAs were included for evaluation. We aim to evaluate the utility of cone-beam CT versus DSA in differentiating PAs and their origins, and demonstrating anastomoses with adjacent arteries. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-square test to compare the rate of demonstrating vessels between cone-beam CT and DSA. Results One hundred and sixty-one PAs were demonstrated in 156ⅡAs by selective DSA and Cone-beam CT. Cone-beam CT and DSA images demonstrated 158 (98.1%, 158/161) and 130 (80.8%, 130/161) PAs, respectively. The statistical difference was significant (χ2=25.78, P<0.05). PAs were demonstrated by cone-beam CT images alone in 27ⅡAs (17.3%, 27/156) and were demonstrated by DSA images alone in 3ⅡAs (1.9%, 3/161).The statistical difference was significant (χ2=22.31, P<0.05). In 137 PAs that were initially defined by DSA alone, 7 of those (5.1%, 7/137) were eventually proven not to be PAs by further selective cone-beam CT acquisitions. Origins of PAs were shown by Cone-beam CT images alone in 11 ⅡAs. In the remaining 145 ⅡAs (92.9%, 145/156), origins of PAs were shown by both
cone-beam CT and DSA images. The percentage of PA anastomoses demonstrated by cone-beam CT was 42.3%(66/156), which was higher than DSA (31.4%, 49/156). The statistical difference was significant (χ2=3.98, P<0.05). Conclusions Cone-beam CT is useful in demonstrating PAs and their origins fromⅡAs, as well as anastomoses with adjacent arteries.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effectiveness of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) for detecting perforators preoperatively in supraclavicular flap surgery.

METHODSFrom May 2009 to October 2013, there were 20 patients (26 flaps were involved) who planned to undergo supraclavicular artery based flap surgeries to recover the large-area defects in head and neck. The MEUS together with regular color Doppler ultrasound ( CDUS) were conducted preoperatively to determine the anatomical features of perforators branching from supraclavicular arteries (SCA). The perforator with wider caliber, faster flow speed, longer pedicles and closer pivot point was selected and the flap was designed according to the observed results.

RESULTSThere were 37 perforators of SCA detected by CDUS, whose calibers were ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mm [Mean: (0.6 ± 0.1) mm]. There were 48 perforators of SCA detected by MEUS. Compared to CDUS, the caliber obtained from MEUS for same vessel is significantly increased [(0.7 ± 0.3) mm vs (0.6 ± 0.1) mm, P < 0.05]. According to the results of MEUS and three-dimensional reconstructive techniques, in at least 65.4% (17/26) of the flaps, thoracic branch of SCA (TBSA) has large caliber and good flow velocity which can be regarded as the predominant vessel and used as the pedicle of flap. The results of the operations confirmed the existences of all the marked vessels. 25 flaps were obtained according to the preoperative plans and one case used perforators of internal mammary artery as free flaps since the perforator of SCA was found improper. The contrast-related complication occurred in one patient which was manifested by gastrointestinal adverse effect like nausea and anorexia. The patient recovered 1 day later without treatment. All the patients have been followed up for 3 to 16 months (Mean: 8 months) with well-survived flaps.

CONCLUSIONSThe perforators of SCA demonstrated significant variations and preoperative mapping was vital for the success of surgery. MEUS is a valuable imaging modality for the preoperative assessment of the vascular supply for supraclavicular artery based flap.

Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries ; Microbubbles ; Neck ; surgery ; Perforator Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Ultrasonography ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of perindopril for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in rabbits.

METHODSA total of 45 male New Zealand white rabbits (10 months old, weight 3.0 to 3.5 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups involving normal control group (muscle injection of saline solution, n = 15, group NC), model group (muscle injection of dexamethasone, n = 15, group GIOP), and treatment group (muscle injection of dexamethasone combined with oral perindopril, n = 15, group GIOP+ACEI). All rabbits put to death after 12 weeks' treatment. The changes of bone mass and strength were observed and analyzed by bone histomorphology, biomechanics, metabolic bone related serological indexes and mRNA expression.

RESULTSAt 12 weeks, the analysis of bone histomorphology and biomechanics results showed that the bone mass and bone strength of group GIOP were significantly lower than that of group NC (P < 0.05); after perindopril treatment, the bone mass and bone strength of group GIOP+ACEI were higher obviously than that of group GIOP (P < 0.05). Mineralizing surface,mineral apposition rate and serum osteocalcin in group GIOP decreased than group NC; however, osteoclast number, osteoclast surface, eroded surface, and urinary deoxypyridinoline in group GIOP increased than group NC (P < 0.05); these changes were inhibited after perindopril treatment (P < 0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that after dexamethasone treatment, the ratio of SOST mRNS expression and RANKL/OPG mRNA expression obviously increased than that of group NC (P < 0.05); and Runx2 expression decreased significantly (P < 0.05); while the changes of mRNA expression were improved by perindopril treatment.

CONCLUSIONPerindopril can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption to deduce glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. This study provides a new method for prevention and treatment of GIOP.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Perindopril ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) on apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell. Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 orthotopic implantation tumor model was established in nude mice. Primary pancreatic cancer cells and that derived from lymphatic metastasis were primarily cultured. Expression of VEGF-C was inhibited through antisense oligodeoxynucleotide in vitro transfection. Reverse transcription polynlerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometer were used to detect the effect of VEGF-C on apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and bcl-2. Results After in vitro transfection, mRNA expression level of VEGF-C in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells significantly decreased (P ＜0. 01 ). Apoptosis rate of pancreatic cancer cells derived from spontaneous lymphatic metastasis was (2. 83 ± 1.01 ) %, ( 4. 98 ± 2. 05 ) %,and ( 13.22 ±2. 17) % respectively for control group, SODN group and ASODN group after in vitro transfection among which apoptosis rate in ASODN group increased significantly (P ＜0. 01 ). However, apoptosis rate for pancreatic cancer cells derived from primary tumor had no obvious change (P ＞0.05), with (3.51 ±1.38)%, (4.76 ±2. 16 ) %, and (5. 33 ± 2. 18 ) % respectively in control group, SODN group and ASODN group. The expression level of bcl-2 in pancreatic cancer cells derived from spontaneous lymphatic metastasis decreased significantly (P ＜0. 05) while it had no obvious change in primary pancreatic cancer cells (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion To inhibit expression of VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer cell can promote apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell, which is relevant to downregulation of bcl-2;however, it has no obvious effect on primary pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling therapy for chronic lumbar strain.Methods:A total of 60 patients with chronic lumbar strain who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by the random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with warm needling therapy,while the control group was treated with ordinary acupuncture treatment.The treatments were both performed once every other day,and 7 times constituted a course of treatment.Visual analog scale (VAS) score was used to assess the degree of pain and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,the VAS scores of both groups decreased significantly,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The VAS score of the treatment group after treatment was statistically different from that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Warm needling therapy has a better curative effect than ordinary acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lumbar strain.

Objective To clarify whether the +869T/C polymorphism in the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene is associated with TGF-β1 expression,and involved in the severity of Graves disease(GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).Methods The TGF-β1+869T/C polymorphism was genotyped by using PCR-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP) in genomic DNA samples in blood from 158 patients with HT who developed hypothyroidism before they were 45 years old (severe HT) and 125 untreated,euthyroid patients with HT who were older than 45(mild HT).Using the same method,129 euthyroid patients with GD who had been under treatment and were still positive for anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies (intractable GD) and 130 euthyroid patients with GD in remission and 144 healthy controls were examined.Results It had no difference between GD,HT groups and control group (x2 =1.488,0.439; 0.626,0.005; all P ＞ 0.05 ).The frequency of the TT genotype and the T allele were higher in group with severe HT[34.81％(55/158),58.86％( 186/316)] than in those with mild HT[ 17.60％ (22/125),43.60％ (109/250); x2 =14.040,13.026,all P ＜ 0.05].In contrast,the frequency of the CC genotype was higher in group with intractable GD[ (21.03％(31/129),51.16％(132/258)] than in group with GD in remission[ 13.85％ (18/130),40.38％( 105/260); x2 =12.225,6.061,all P ＜ 0.05 ].TGF-β1 +869 T/C genotype had the correlation with severe groups of HT and GD.C allele would increase in severity of GD(OR =1.546,95％ CI =0.192 - 2.190),and T allele would increase in severity of HT(OR =1.851,95％ CI =1.323 - 2.589).Conclusion The +869T/C polymorphism in the TGF-β1 gene is associated with the severity and intractability of autoimmune thyroid disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the validity of transplanting transverse colon to replace esophagus in treating cicatricial stricture resulting from severe esophageal chemical burns in children.

METHODSA retrospective study was carried out on the clinical data of 46 patients with severe chemical esophageal burns who were treated from November 1972 to September 2008. The transverse colon with the ascending branch of the left colic artery was brought through a retrosternal tunnel to replace strictured esophagus. Thirty-two patients underwent colon-esophageal anastomosis and 14 patients underwent colon-pharyngeal anastomosis.

RESULTSAll patients survived after surgery, but complications occurred in 7 cases, including leakage of anastomosis in cervical region in 4 cases, stenosis of anastomosis in 2 cases, and dyspnea in 1 case, and they were cured after due treatment. Follow-up study (1 - 26 years) in 39 patients revealed that there was no difference in growth, development and diet between the patients and the normal children of the same age.

CONCLUSIONSEsophageal reconstruction with transverse colon together with the ascending branch of the left colic artery through a retrosternal tunnel is a valuable method for treating cicatricial stricture of the esophagus secondary to severe chemical burns of the esophagus in children.

Burns, Chemical ; complications ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; complications ; etiology ; Colon, Transverse ; transplantation ; Esophageal Stenosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study risk factors for the occurrence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) in children with sepsis.

METHODSA nest case-control study was employed. According to intra-abdominal pressures (IAP) measured by cystometry, 119 children with sepsis were classified into normal IAP (control, n = 80) and IAH groups (n = 39). Risk factors for the occurrence of IAH were investigated by monovariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSMonovariable analysis showed that there were significant differences in pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), procalcitonin (PCT) level, PaCO(2), blood lactate level, rates of intestinal or intra-abdominal infection, ascites, gastrointestinal dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) between the IAH and control groups (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that decreased PCIS, MODS, shock, gastrointestinal dysfunction and ascites were major risk factors for the occurrence of IAH.

CONCLUSIONSChildren with sepsis who have decreased PCIS, MODS, shock, gastrointestinal dysfunction and ascites are at risk for the occurrence of IAH.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; complications ; mortality

AIMTo establish a simple method for molecular identification of original plants of D. chrysanthum and D. fimbriatum using molecular marker rDNA ITS region.

METHODSRestriction patterns of ITS fragments were obtained using PCR-RFLP method. The PCR products of D. chrysanthum and its morphologically allied species were digested at 37 degrees C by Cla I and Apa LI, those of D. fimbriatum and its morphologically allied species were digested by Sph I.

RESULTSD. chrysanthum, D. fimbriatum and their morphologically allied species could be identified by predicted restriction profiles of PCR-RFLP. The botanical origin of twenty-five fresh samples of "Shihu" collected in markets was identified by this method.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA ITS region is a feasible, simple and inexpensive method for determining the botanical origin of the traditional Chinese medicine "Shihu".

DNA, Plant ; analysis ; DNA, Ribosomal ; analysis ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity