INDENA SPA Company in Italy is a multi-national company that produces and sells plant extracts. Based on its own re- search advantages in the field of Ginkgo biloba preparation, the company protects its own products market effectively through building patent portfolio around the patents of its opponent. Based on the multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation from the aspects of application time, legal status, technical development route, and patent portfolio layout, this article provides technical reference on research and development of G. biloba preparation, and the author suggest that Chinese applicants learn techniques and layout experiences of other patents fully to enhance the level of research and patent protection level.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Italy ; Patents as Topic ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; economics ; isolation & purification

The folate metabolic pathway plays important roles in cellular physiology by participating in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair and methylation, and maintenance and stability of the genome. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme involved in folate metabolism. Polymorphisms of MTHFR may change the level of homocysteine and affect DNA synthesis and methylation, leading to an increased oxidative stress and disturbed methylation reactions and consequently affecting reproductive function. This article presents an overview on MTHFR gene polymorphisms, proposing that multicentered, large-sample and long-term prospective studies are needed to reveal the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and infertility.
DNA ; biosynthesis ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Repair ; Folic Acid ; metabolism ; Homocysteine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infertility ; enzymology ; genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prospective Studies

Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Middle Aged

Objective:To establish the RPB5-mediating protein (RMP)-silenced stable cell lines and study the inhibitory effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting RMP gene on the proliferation and migration of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Methods:Three RMPi siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro and transfected into SMMC-7721 cells. The inhibitory effect of siRNA on RMP gene expression was measured by RT-PCR to select the best siRNA. The expression vector pGPU6-Neo-RMP-484 was transfected into SMMC-7721 cells by the lipofectamine and the cells stably expressing the siRNA were selected by G418. RT-PCR was used to detect the interference efficacy against RMP gene. Cell proliferation and adhesion were measured by MTT assay. Wound healing test was used to observe the migration ability of cells. Results:The SMMC-7721 cell lines with down-regulated RMP expression were established by using RNA interference technology. Compared with the negative control cells, expression of RMP mRNA was down-regulated by(83.67±2.56)% .The proliferation of stable-transfected cells was inhibited by(74.33±0.58)% . The adhesion capability of stable-transfected cells was enhanced but the migration capacity was decreased compared with the negative control cells. Conclusion:The pGPU6-Neo-RMP-484 cell lines with stable transfection of RMP siRNA recombinant vector are successfully screened,which can be used as a cellular model for studying the molecular mechanism of RMP. Down-regulation of RMP gene expression can effectively inhibit the proliferation, enhance the adhesion, and decrease the migration of SMMC-7721 cells.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases among farmers,land less peasants and urban population in a certain area of Anhui Province,to explore the relationship between the lifestyles of landless peasants and their chronic non-communicable diseases.Methods A total of 761 valid questionnaires were collected by cross-sectional epidemiological study,including 119 farmers,259 landless peasants and 383 urban groups.The enumeration data was analyzed by x2 test and the measurement data analyzed by variance.The risk of chronic non-communicable diseases in each group was analyzed by Logistic regressions.Results General demographic characteristics showed that there were differences in three groups of people in the respects of drinking,eating habits and physical activity and other lifestyles (all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the onset risk of hypertension and overweight obesity in the famer group and the landless peasant group was lower than that in the urban group,but higher than that in the peasant group.After adjusting for confounding factors,the prevalence of hypertension in the farmer group (OR =0.20,95％ CI:0.12-0.33) and the lost land group (OR =0.65,95％ CI:0.44-0.95) was lower than that in the urban group,the overweight obesity in the farmer group (OR =0.44,95％ CI:0.27-0.74) and the lost land group(OR =0.67,95％ CI:0.47-0.96) was lower than that in the urban group.The incidence of atherosclerosis in the farmer group (OR =2.48,95 ％ CI:1.45-4.23) and the lost land group(OR =2.00,95％ CI:1.33-3.02) was higher than that in the urban group.Conclusions The living style of landless peasants is different from those of rural group and urban group,and the incidence of hypertension and overweight obesity is higher than that of farmers.We should take interventions against chronic non-communicable diseases in landless peasants.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Atrial Flutter ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Digoxin ; therapeutic use ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy

Objective To investigate the clinical value of Hangzhou Criteria in selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)and their effects on recipient's post-transplant survival.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 43 patients with HCC who underwent LDLT in our center.All of the recipients were classified into subgroups according to Milan Criteria,Up-to-Seven Criteria and Hangzhou Criteria,and post-transplant total survival rate and tumor-free survival rate were compared among the criteria.Results The number of patients within Hangzhou Criteria was 61.5 %(8/13)more than that within Milan Criteria and 23.5 %(4/17)more than that within Up-to-Seven Criteria.The 1-,and 3-years total survival rate and tumor-free survival rate of the recipients within Milan Criteria(n=13)were 100 %,80.0 % and 84.6 %,84.6 %,those of the recipients within Up-to-Seven Criteria(n=17)were 100 %,75.2 % and 87.5 %,81.2 %,and those of the recipients within Hangzhou Criteria(n=21)were 100 %,80.0 % and 89.5 %,84.2 %,respectively.There was no significant difference among the three criteria in total survival rate and tumor-free survival rate(P>0.05).Conclusion Hangzhou Criteria further enrolled more liver transplantation candidates without decline of total survival rate and tumor-free survival.It is a more effective selection of HCC recipients for LDLT.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the systemic influence after an island flap with venous congestion-reperfusion.

METHODSAn island flap was formed in a Rat model. The vein in the pedicle was clamped for 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours and released. The ear microcirculation, levels of TNF alpha and IL-10 were measured, and the neutrophils sequestration in tissues were counted. The vascular structure of the lung and intestine were evaluated.

RESULTSThere were significant changes in the ear microcirculation, neutrophils sequestration of the lung and the intestine in the 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours groups, and became more serious by the time increasing. The TNF alpha level reached in maximum at 1 hour after the reperfusion, while the IL-10 became to the lowest level at 3 hours after the reperfusion. However, the TNF alpha and IL-10 levels were significant high in the 6 hour and 10 hours groups, compared with the 2 hours group and the control, but there was no differences between the2 hours group and the control.

CONCLUSIONSVenous congestion-reperfusion of flap could injury the remote organs such as lung, intestinal etc. The injury could be more serious with the time increasing.

Animals ; Constriction ; Ear ; blood supply ; Hyperemia ; complications ; Interleukin-10 ; analysis ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung ; blood supply ; Microcirculation ; Neutrophils ; cytology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; Veins

Fourteen compounds were isolated from Dalbergia odoriferae and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica and sephadex LH-20 gel and structurally identified by spectral analysis. These compounds were identified as 4, 9-dimethoxy-3-hydroxypterocarpan (1), medicarpin (2), 2', 4', 5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (3), 2', 3', 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan (4), formononetin (5), 3, 8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (6), koparin (7), 3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarp-6a-ene (8), 2'-hydroxyformononetin (9), stevenin (10), 2', 7-dihydroxy-4', 5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (11), lyoniresinol (12), 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzophenone (13) and neokhriol A (14). Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Antibacterial activity assay showed that compound 4 had inhibitory effect on Ralstonia solanacearum.
Anisoles ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Benzophenones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chromatography ; methods ; Dalbergia ; chemistry ; Dextrans ; Gels ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthalenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pterocarpans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ralstonia solanacearum ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Silica Gel

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, and treatments of urothelial-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate (UMAP).

METHODSWe reported a case of UMAP, reviewed relevant literature, and analyzed the clinicopaothological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.

RESULTSThe patient was a 60-year-old male and underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for dysuria. Postoperative pathology indicated mucinous adenocarcinoma and sigmoidoscopy revealed no primary colon cancer. Immunohistochemical staining showed the negative expressions of PSA and P504s and positive expressions of CK7, CK34 β E12, CK20, and CDX2. Thus UMAP was confirmed and treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Then the patient was followed up for 30 months, which showed desirable therapeutic result, with neither local progression nor distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONUMAP has a bad prognosis and its diagnosis depends on pathological and immunohistocchemical examinations. It responds well to radical prostatectomy but is not sensitive to endocrine therapy. Radiotherapy can be considered for those who are not fit to receive radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism