)0.05). However, the index of source memory (I) was (0.73?)0.13 in adult group and (0.87?)0.08 in children group, the difference between the two groups was obvious ((P

To study the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of icariin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury ( MIRI) model in diabetes rats. The model of diabetic rats were induced by Streptozotocin (STZ), then the model of MIRI was established by ligating the reversible left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, and then reperfusing for 120 min. totally 40 male SD were randomly divided into five groups: the control group (NS), the ischemia reperfusion group (NIR), the diabetes control group (MS), the diabetic ischemia reperfusion group (MIR) and the diabetic ischemia reperfusion with icariin group (MIRI). The changes in blood glucose, body weight and living status were observed; the enzyme activity of serum CK-MB, LDH, GSH-Px and myocardium SOD and the content MDA and NO in myocardium were detected; the myocardial pathological changes were observed by HE staining; the myocardial Caspase-3, the Bcl-2, Bax protein expressions were detected by Western blot. The result showed that the diabetes model was successfully replicated; myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was more serious in diabetes rats; icariin can increase NO, SOD, GSH-Px, Bcl-2 protein expression, decrease MDA formation, CK-MB and LDH activities and Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein expressions and myocardial damage. The result suggested that icariin may play a protective role against ischemia reperfusion myocardial injury in diabetes rats by resisting oxidative stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Creatine Kinase ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Ischemia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the relationship between source memory and item memory in children,adult and the elderly Chinese,to test the hypothesis that neuronal substrate of source memory includes frontal lobe,and that source memory and item memory were dissociated in child and the elderly.Methods A neuropsyehological battery was established to measure the performance of item memory and source memory.Child,adult and the health elderly Chinese(40 cases in each group, respectively)were enrolled.The performance of child and the elderly Chinese were compared with that of the adults,and were also analyzed among the groups to check the dissociation between the performance of item and source memory.Results Compared with the adults,the source memory in children(I value:0.87?0.08 vs.0.73?0.13,P＜0.01)were impaired,but not found in item memory(Pr value:0.73?0.14 vs.0.74?0.11,P＞0.05).The elderly Chinese was impaired in both item(Pr value:0.66?0.15,P＜0.05)in source memory(I value:0.68?0.13,P＜0.01).Double dissociation between item and source memory was found in the child and the elderly.Conclusions The evidence of double dissociation between item and source memory within child and the elderly supports the dual-process model of source and item memory.These findings also support that frontal lobe involves in source memory,the indicators of source memory damage is early behavior marker for mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer disease.

Objective: To observe morphological changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the early stage of mice renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods: Renal interstitial fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) in mice. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze pathological changes and α-SMA expression in renal tissue.Argentum hexamethylenamine staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe changes of the renal tubule basement membrane. Gelatin zymographic analysis was used to observe the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in renal tissue.Results:The mice suffered from renal interstitial fibrosis were identified by histological analysis and α-SMA positive cells in renal tissue. Argentum hexamethylenamine staining and transmission electron-microscopy showed that the renal tubule basement membrane disrupted locally and renal tubule epithelial cells invaded into the renal interstitium in the early stage of renal interstitial fibrosis. Gelatin zymographic analysis showed that the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was increased transitorily in the early stage of renal interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion: Renal tubule basement membrane disruption, renal tubule epithelial cells invasion into the renal interstitium, and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 are involved in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Clinical study of modified Ganmai Dazao decoction in the treatment of yang deficiency climacteric depression and observe the effects of modified Ganmai Dazao decoction on neuroendocrine system in patients with yang deficiency climacteric depression. 86 cases were randomly divided into treatment group treated with modified Ganmai Dazao decoction and control group treated with Deanxit. The curative effect was evaluated with Hamilton's depressive scale (HAMD) and pittsburgh sleep quality scale (PSQI) before and at the end of the two and four weeks of the treatment, the serum levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH) were detected before and after the four weeks of the treatment The results showed that the total effective power of treatment group was 88.4% and the total effective power of control group was 81.4% after four weeks interference, with insignificant difference between the two groups. After two and four weeks of the treatment, the score of HAMD decreased remarkably in both groups (P < 0.01), with insignificant difference between the two groups in same phase. After two and four weeks of the treatment, the total score of PSQI decreased remarkably in both groups (P < 0.05), with significant difference between the two groups after four weeks (P < 0.01). After four weeks of treatment, the serum levels of 5-HT and NE increased (P < 0.01), with insignificant difference between the groups. After four weeks of treatment, the serum levels of E2 increased obviously (P < 0.05), the levels of FSH decreased obviously (P < 0.05), the levels of LH decreased insignificant, with insignificant difference between two groups. This study indicates that modified Ganmai Dazao decoction has obvious therapeutic effects in the treatment of climacteric depression, and showed equivalent efficacy with Deanxit, and modified Ganmai Dazao decoction has better effect on improving the sleep quality in patients than Deanxit, the effect of improved clinical symptoms may be through adjusted levels of 5-HT, NE, E2, FSH and LH of climacteric depression.
Adult ; Depression ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Menopause ; drug effects ; psychology ; Middle Aged ; Neurosecretory Systems ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Serotonin ; blood

BACKGROUNDOver past two decades, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely used and reported to alleviate seizure frequency worldwide, however, so far, only hundreds of patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy (PRE) have been treated with VNS in mainland China. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VNS for Chinese patients with PRE and compare its relationship with age cohort and gender.

METHODSWe retrospectively assessed the clinical outcome of 94 patients with PRE, who were treated with VNS at Beijing Fengtai Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital between November 2008 and April 2014 from our database of 106 consecutive patients. The clinical data analysis was retrospectively examined.

RESULTSSeizure frequency significantly decreased with VNS therapy after intermittent stimulation of the vagus nerve. At last follow-up, we found McHugh classifications of Class I in 33 patients (35.1%), Class II in 27 patients (28.7%), Class III in 20 patients (21.3%), Class IV in 3 patients (3.2%), and Class V in 11 patients (11.7%). Notably, 8 (8.5%) patients were seizure-free while ≥50% seizure frequency reduction occurred in as many as 60 patients (63.8%). Furthermore, with regard to the modified Engel classification, 12 patients (12.8%) were classified as Class I, 11 patients (11.7%) were classified as Class II, 37 patients (39.4%) were classified as Class III, 34 patients (36.2%) were classified as Class IV. We also found that the factors of gender or age are not associated with clinical outcome.

CONCLUSIONSThis comparative study confirmed that VNS is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for Chinese PRE patients. VNS reduced the seizure frequency regardless of age or gender of studied patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance ; Epilepsy ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphology of the soft palate in normal individuals with digital radiography, when they pronounced the high vowel of "i", and to provide the references for therapy of the cleft palate.

METHODSIn this study, the sample comprised 27 normal subjects. With the digital cephalometry, the morphology of the soft palate when pronouncing the high vowel of "i" was observed. And the dimensional difference of the soft palate when pronouncing between different gender was studied.

RESULTSWhen pronouncing the high vowel of "i", the morphology of the soft palate was like the shape of the knee. And it could be divided into two parts: horizontal and vertical. The length of the vertical part in male group was (24.92 +/- 2.03) mm, the length of the vertical part in the female group was (20.66 +/- 2.77) mm. The length of the vertical part was different between male and female group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe morphology of the palate when pronouncing the high vowel of "i" is similar. And the velar length of the vertical part of the male is longer than the female.

Cephalometry ; Cleft Palate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Palate, Soft

Deep Brain Stimulation ; methods ; Essential Tremor ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the tolerated dose of the optic nerves and chiasm in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on dose characteristics and the incidence of radiation optic neuropathy in 108 patients with locally advanced NPC treated with IMRT at D 2>55 Gy in the optic nerves and chiasm in our hospital between May 2009 and December 2013. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(CTCAE)Version 3.0 grading criteria were used for evaluating adverse reactions of the optic nerves and optic chiasm.A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for the development of radiation-induced optic neuropathy(RION). Results No patient had severe RION (grade 3-5),although 7 of the 108 patients had mild optic nerve disorder(grade 1-2). No patient-or treatment-related factors were found to be associated with the development of RION(P>0.05). With a median follow-up of 46 months(range,13-91 months),the 3-year estimated overall survival,local recurrence-free survival,and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 90.0%,94.5%,and 86.4%, respectively. Conclusions The dose constraint of<55 Gy derived for optic nerves and chiasm from conventional radiotherapy does not seem to apply to IMRT. For advanced NPC patients treated with IMRT, the dose constraints of optic nerves and chiasm might be relaxed in order to improve target coverage.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of high frequency stimulation (HFS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) in treating primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Two rhesus monkeys were injected 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into unilateral brain to induce the PD models; rhesus monkey models were implanted with glass recording electrodes and stimulating electrodes into the globus pallidus intemus (GPi) and STN, respectively. Extracellular recording was used to investigate the spikes and analyze the firing activity of GPi before and during STN-HFS. Results The spontaneous firing of GPi neurons on the normal side of PD monkeys was more regular than that on the abnormal side,and the frequency of firing was (44.38±13.66)spike/s and (50.57±15.53)spike/s respectively, without significant difference (P＞0.05). During STN-HFS, 4 neuronal activity changes existed, including incomplete inhibition, complete inhibition, increase of excitability and no change.STN-HFS could cause inhibition in most of the GPi neurons on both sides and the average inhibition rate on the abnormal side was 56.29％±29.66％,which was higher than that on the normal side(36.03％±35.25％),with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion HFS would do a certain extent suppression to the abnormal activity of STN neurons,resulting in a re-equilibrium in the neuronal activity of the basal ganglia motor circuit and the improvement of PD symptoms.