Objective To investigate the characteristic sonographic and pathological features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) without microcalcifications on mammography (MG).Methods Forty cases of DCIS without microcalcifications on MG were retrospectively reviewed.The 40 lesions were classified into mass and non-mass groups according to their sonographic findings.The pathological subtypes and nuclear grades of these cases were also analyzed.Fisher exact test was used to compare the differences of the sonographic accuracy rate,sonographic microcalcification rate,pathological nuclear grade and subtype rate between mass and non-mass groups.Results No abnormal finding was found in sixteen cases (40.0％)on MG and only one case (2.5％) on ultrasonography (US),respectively.The most common sonographic feature of DCIS without microcalcifications on MG were masses (75.0％,30/40),and other sonographic findings were round/oval and irregular shape,microlobulated margin,heterogeneous hypoechogenicity and isoechogenicity,and posterior acoustic feature.Ductal dilatations and heterogeneous isoechogenicity were present in most non-mass lesions of DCIS without microcalcifications on MG (22.5％,9/40).The ultrasonographic microcalcifications were found in 5 cases of DCIS without microcalcifications on MG.The common pathological features of DCIS without microcalcifications on MG were medium-low nuclear grade (85.0％,34/40) and noncomedo (87.5％,35/40).The difference of US accuracy rate in mass and non-mass groups was statistically significant [73.3％ (22/30) vs 33.3％ (3/9),P=0.047].The differences of US microcalcification rate,pathological subtype and nuclear grade were not significant (P=1.000,0.070).Conclusions The mass appearance and medium-low nuclear grade were most common sonographic findings and pathological features of DCIS without microcalcifications on MG.Ultrasonography should be an helpful tool for improving the diagnostic sensitivity ofmammography in breast DCIS.

OBJECTIVETo analyze intron 1 and 22 inversions in factor VIII (FVIII) gene in hemophilia A (HA) patients and and their families and to investigate the correlation between intron inversion and FVIII antibody.

METHODSAll patients were detected FVIII: C and FVIII antibody. In addition, 81 unrelated HA patients were directly detected by multiplex PCR and long-distance PCR for intron 1 and 22 inversions in FVIII gene. Pedigree investigation for some patients were conducted.

RESULTSIn 81 unrelated HA patients, 3 severe cases were found intron 1 inversion which accounted for 4.6% of total 65 severe cases. Of the 3 cases, one was FVIII antibody positive. Two female family members of a intron 1 inversion patient were identified as one carrier and one non-carrier. Twenty five of 65 (38.5%) severe cases were found intron 22 inversion. Of the 25 cases 1 was FVIII antibody positive. Nine female members in 5 HA families which had patients with intron 22 inversion were identified as 7 carries and 2 non-carriers.

CONCLUSIONBesides intron 22 inversion, intron 1 inversion was another important molecular defect in resulting in severe HA. Intron inversion analysis can also be used for deviation rectification of experiment grouping in HA patients. Intron 1 and 22 inversions may be one of the higher risk factors for resulting in FVIII antibodies.

Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Factor VIII ; genetics ; Female ; Hemophilia A ; genetics ; Humans ; Introns ; Male

Objective To find out the status of brick-tea type fluorosis in the epidemic areas.Methods Based on "Scheme for Epidemiological Brick-tea Type Fluorosis in Sichuan Province",ten counties were selected in Sichuan brick-tea areas and ten towns were selected in every county,then the epidemicologic survey was performed in children of 8～12 year-old and adults aged above 20 years old.Results 5044 children and 4053 adults were selected from brick-tea areas.The rates of dental fluorosis in children and adults were 55.69%(2809/5044)and 60.41%(4053/6709)respectively.The dental fluorosis was mainly of mild damage.The skeletal fluorosis found in X-ray film was 44.64%(167/1241)and in clinical examination,38.94%(3883/9973).The levels of urine fluoride in children and adults were 1.88 and 2.78 mg/L.The level of urine fluoride was not differenet among children of different age,but in adults it was higher in the elder than the younger.The level of fluoride in urine was related to the severeness of skeletal fluorosis(r=0.74).The detective rates of skeletal fluorosis in agricuIture,pasturing,and agriculture-pasturing areaswere 31.70%(1369/4318),50.04%(1228/2454),and 40.17%(1286/3201),respectively.The X-ray detecting rates of skeletal fluorosis in men and wonlen were 49.57%(229/462)and 41.72%(325/779) respectively(χ2=11.72,P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of brick-tea type fluorosis is very serious in the regions studied.

OBJECTIVETo investigate influential factors for the tendency to medicate and medication compliance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHODSA total of 188 children aged from 5 to 16 years, who were initially diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. They underwent symptom assessment and cognitive function test. The compliance of methylphenidate treatment was evaluated.

RESULTSPatients with better emotional state, and fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and those who had a family history of psychiatric diseases and who obtained lower scores in the number cancellation test (NCT), were more prone to medication and/or exhibited better medication compliance. Logistic regression analysis showed that fewer oppositional and hyperactive behaviors and lower NCT scores were the predictive factors for a higher tendency to medicate, and a better emotional state was the predictive factor for better medication compliance. Patients of predominantly inattentive type were more prone to medication and showed better medication compliance, as compared with those of combined type. Gender, age and symptom severity were not associated with the tendency to medicate and/or medication compliance.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a need to enhance medication compliance in children with ADHD who have hyperactive, impulsive and oppositional behaviors, and to improve their long-term social functions.

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Methylphenidate ; therapeutic use

AIMTo investigate protective effects of ginkgolide B (GB) in different administration modes on glutamate-induced neuronal damage.

METHODSEssential GB were obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. Glutamate excitotoxicity were examined in primary cultures from neonatal Wistar rat, by using of Trypan blue dye staining, testing the lactate dehydrogenase leakage from cultured neurons and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The protective effects of GB in different administration modes (pre-treatment and post-treatment) were adopted and compared with the NMDA receptor uncompetitive antagonist-MK-801 in acute-treatment.

RESULTSTreatment with GB in two administration modes both could increase ratio of surviving neuron, decrease LDH efflux and reduce ratio of neuron apoptosis in different degree, depended on dose in certain range. The protective effect of pre-treatment was superior to post-treatment, but inferior to MK-801.

CONCLUSIONGB can protect neurons against glutamate damage, and preventive using has more efficiency. The potential mechanism of its neural protection may be not only related to PAF receptor. If the predominant protection effect of GB in pretreatment is considered, precautionary intervention to high-risk population could have more value.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Ginkgolides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lactones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Migration of adventitial fibroblasts (AF) is involved in the neointimal formation which is one of the common pathological processes in several vascular diseases. The observation of whether the migratory response of AF from hypertensive animal is different from that of controls may provide an explanation of vascular remodeling in hypertension. We examined whether there is any difference between the migratory activity of AF derived from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and that from their normotensive counterpart Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In addition, the role of osteopontin (OPN) in cell migration was also examined. Primary cultures of aortic adventitial fibroblasts were derived from SHR and age-matched WKY. Migration of fibroblasts was determined with the Transwell method. The mRNA expression level of OPN was measured by a real-time quantitative PCR. When compared with WKY-derived cells, migration of adventitial fibroblasts from SHR exhibited an increased response when stimulated by 10% serum (cell number per field 35.20+/-5.26 vs 22.2+/-3.27, p<0.05). Chemotaxis induced by 10 ng/ml bFGF showed a similar difference (cell number per field 30.23+/-4.54 vs 19.20+/-4.47, p<0.05). We also found that SHR-derived fibroblasts expressed a higher level of OPN mRNA than the cells from WKY (1863.23+/-43.91 vs 326.24+/-68.29, p<0.01). To verify if OPN is associated with the enhanced migratory ability in AF from SHR, we designed the antisense oligonucleotide of OPN. The results showed that the antisense OPN oligonucleotide significantly inhibited AF migration (cell number per field 38.60+/-5.98 vs 26.61+/-3.84, p<0.05), while sense and mismatch OPN oligonucleotide had no effect on cell migration. Therefore, the migration of adventitial fibroblasts appeared to be enhanced in cultures derived from SHR. OPN might be involved in the difference observed.
Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Osteopontin ; Phosphoproteins ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Sialoglycoproteins ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the value of dual-phase contrast-enhancement multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the assessment of acute myocardial infarction volume and perfusion in porcine models. Methods The distal left anterior descending coronary arteries of 5 pigs were balloon-occluded for 90 min and followed by reperfusion. MSCT was performed 1 min (early phase) and 5 min (delayed phase) after administration bolus of 100 mL of iodinated contrast material 30 min after reperfusion. On the same day, hearts were excised, sectioned in 8 mm short-axis slices, and stained with TTC. Infarction volume was defined as the sum of the hyper-enhanced area and surrounding hypo-enhanced area in all slices on delay enhanced phase of MSCT and the TTC-negative area on TTC staining slices. Infarction volume was expressed as percentage of total slice volume. Results Acute infarction detected by MSCT was characterized by early myocardial perfasion defects in the early phase of the contrast bolus (early defects) with surrounding residual defects and late enhancement observed in the late phase. Mean CT attenuation value of early defects was significantly different from CT attenuation value of remote myocardium [(213±55)HU vs (304±30)HU](P < 0.05), CT attenuation values of residual defects and late enhancement were also significantly different from those of remote myocardium [(360±75) HU vs (90±37) HU and (152±23) HU vs (190±37) HU, repectively](P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The mean infarction volume was (8.9± 1.0)% on MSCT and (9.2±1.4)% on TTC pathology images. The infarction volume assessed by MSCT compared well with TTC staining slices. Conclusion Acute reperfused myocardial infarction zone has specific enhancement pattens different to remote normal zone on dual phase MDCT, which is in good agreement with in vivo Trc pathology in the assessment of acute reperfused myocardial infarction shortly offer reperfusion.

In order to investigate the inhibitory effects on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and cell growth in hapatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by blocking HIF-1α and Smad3 binding site in the VEGF promoter, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) were designed to block HIF-1α and Smad3 binding site in the VEGF promoter. Different concentrations of ASODN and ODN were transfected into HCC cells respectively. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was detected by SABC, Western blot and RT-PCR techniques and the inhibitory effects on the expression of VEGF and cell growth of the HCC cells stimulated by the supernatants were determined by using MTT method. Immunohistochestry revealed that after co-inoculation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with different concentrations of ODN and ASODN for 48 h, there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF protein between ODN group and control group (P＞0.05), but there was significant difference between ASODN group and control group (P＜0.05). At a concentration of 10 μmol/L ASODN, the difference was very significant (P＜0.01).Western blot and RT-PCR revealed that, after treatment for 48 h at a concentration of 10 μmol/L,the integral gray levels and RNA odds were 59743.2±10412.5 and 0. 783±0. 032 in ODN group,and 38694.5±10925. 1 and 0. 468±0. 015 in ASODN group, respectively, with the difference being very significant (P＜0.01). Antisense ODN could inhibit the growth of HCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It was concluded that anti-gene technique of aiming at HIF-1α action site in the VEGF promoter could suppress the VEGF expression and inhibit HCC cell growth, and it is promising that anti-gene technique works as a new gene therapeutic tool for anti-angiogenesis of HCC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and the risk of natural anticoagulants such as plasma protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and antithrombin (AT) deficiency in thromboembolic patients with no evident acquired factors.

METHODSClotting assays on French STAGO autoanalyzer were used to detect the activity of plasma PC, PS and AT in 85 patients with thrombotic disease and 50 sex and age matched healthy controls.

RESULTSAmong the 85 enrolled patients (18 arterial and 67 venous thromboembolism), male to female ratio was 1.4 and the median age was 42 years (17-69). The activity of plasma PC, PS and AT in the pre-therapy thrombotic disease group, the thrombo-recurrence group, and the age < or = 45 years group were significantly lower than that is the healthy control group, the first thrombotic episodes group and the age > 45 years group respectively (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). The overall deficiency rate of these three natural anticoagulants was 30.6%, PS deficiency was the commonest (10.6%), the second was PC deficiency (8.2%), AT deficiency and combined deficiency each accounted for 5.9%.

CONCLUSIONThe PC, PS and AT protein deficiencies are frequent in Chinese thromboembolic patients, they are the independent risk factors for the thrombotic events and recurrence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antithrombins ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein C ; metabolism ; Protein C Deficiency ; blood ; Protein S ; metabolism ; Protein S Deficiency ; blood ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis ; blood ; etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore F (13) A gene mutation in a pedigree with hereditary coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency.

METHODSThe FXIII deficiency was diagnosed by clot solubility test and other standard laboratory clotting tests. All exons, exon-intron boundary sequences of F(13) A gene were amplified by PCR and the products were sequenced directly. Any mutation identified by direct sequencing was confirmed by reverse sequencing. The mutation identified in the proband was screened in the family members.

RESULTSThe assays of PT, Qiulan, fibrinogen leveling, platelet counts, bleeding time were normal and the clot solubility test was positive in the proband. The homozygous deletion of 33 nucleotides (127067de133) in exon 10 of F(13) A gene which resulted in deletion of 11 amino acids in FXIIII A protein with 720aa residues was identified in the proband. Family studies showed that the mutation was inherited from the parents both of whom carried the heterozygous deletion mutation.

CONCLUSIONThe homozygous 127067de133 mutation of F(13) A gene is responsible for the disorder of the pedigree.

Adolescent ; Factor XIII ; genetics ; Factor XIII Deficiency ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Sequence Deletion