DNA microarray is the first studied and the most matured form of the bio-chip, which generated huge amounts of data in a number of valuable hidden information. Scientists have attached more importance to the exploration and development for the analysis of these data. At present, many methods have been used for large-scale gene expression data mining, such as statistical analysis, cluster analysis and self-organizing map.This paper reviews the existing methods for analyzing experimental data collected from and introduces some new analytical methods.

Objective To compare the surgical modes of cholecystectomy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, duration of hospital stay and incidence of complications were respectively compared in 46 patients with diabetes receiving either laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC, n=23) or open cholecystectomy (OC, n=23). Results In the Group LC and the Group OC, the intraoperative blood loss was (80?23) ml and (120?40) ml, respectively ( t = -4.518 , P = 0.000), the operation time was (45?20) min and (69?28) min, respectively ( t =-3.345, P =0.002), and the hospital stay was (6?2) d and (11?3) d, respectively ( t =-6.651, P =0.000). There were no statistical significances between the two groups in the incidence of complications. Conclusions LC can be performed safely in patients with diabetes mellitus. It offers the advantages over OC in less blood loss, shorter operative time and shorter hospital stay.

Objective To understand brucellosis infective status of Shapotou District, Zhongwei City of Ningxia. Methods The methods of stratified random sampling of epidemiological survey were used among high risk groups in 2008, who underwent erythromycin red plate cohesion test(RBDT) and test-tube agglutination test (SAT), in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for confirming cases of brucellosis(GB 15988-1995). Results Totally an occupational group of 2480 brucellosis in 10 townships were investigated, and 604 sera were tested. Tweenty eight cases were infected, the infective rate was 4.64%(28/604), 15 cases were diagnosed as brucellosis patients, prevalence rate was 2.48% (15/604); cattle attendants had the highest infection rate of 6.45% (26/403). Conclusions Brucellosis epidemic in Shapotou District, Zhongwei City of Ningxia, and it is place related to vocation.

Objective To study the relationship between serum Treg cells content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) level with the severity and clinical prognosis in the patients with preeclampsia.Methods Forty cases of preeclampsia in our hospital from September 2015 to September 2016 were selected as the research subjects divided into the mild preeclampsia group(25 cases) and severe preeclampsia groups(15 cases) according to the disease severity,and 20 healthy pregnant women served as the control group.The peripheral blood Treg cells and serum SOD level were compared between the two groups.The relationship between Treg cell content and serum SOD level with the disease severity and prognosis in the patients with preeclampsia was investigated.Results The systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the severe preeclampsia group were(145.3±10.6)mm Hg and(102.3±7.8)mm Hg,the occurrence rates of premature delivery,placental abruption and fetal distress were 33.3%,20.0% and 13.3% respectively,BMI before pregnancy was 25.4±1.3,which were significantly higher than those in the mild preeclampsia group and control group,while the mild preeclampsia group was higher than the control group.The Treg cell content and SOD level in the severe preeclampsia group were (2.3±0.7)×106/L and(2.6±0.7)μg/mL,which were significantly lower than those in the mild preeclampsia group and control group and which in the mild preeclampsia group were (3.4±0.6)×106/L and(4.3±0.9)μg/mL,and significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis results indicated that BMI index(P=0.018),Treg cell content(P=0.024) and SOD level(P=0.029) were the independent risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome.Conclusion The peripheral blood Treg cells content and serum SOD level are closely related to poor pregnancy outcome in the patients with preeclampsia.

Objective To screen and analysis the virulent genes and pathways in golden hamster cheek pouch mucosa precan-cerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas.Methods The experimental models of golden hamster cheek pouch mucosa precancer-ous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas were induced by DMBA.The total RNA of precancerous lesions and squamous cell carci-nomas of golden hamster cheek pouch was extracted and the cRNA was labeled by Cy3.Then gene chip was used to screen the dif-ferentially expressed genes.At last,the Gene Ontology and pathway was used to analysis the biology function of important virulent genes.Meanwhile,we confirmed the correctness of the results by using the RT-PCR.Results A total of 1 981 differentially ex-pressed genes were detected during the process from precancerous lesions to squamous cell carcinomas (120 genes remained known).One thousand and thirty-seven genes were up-regulated and 944 genes down-regulated.GO analysis showed that these dif-ferentially expressed genes mainly related to the macromolecular metabolism,signal transduction and so on.Pathway analysis showed that 9 pathways were significant changes.14 genes were enriched in above 9 change pathways.Conclusion There were 1 981 differentially expressed genes and 9 abnormal changes pathways during the process from precancerous lesions to squamous cell carcinomas,in which 14 differentially expressed genes led to changes in cellular pathways.These genes might be likely to have the important pathogenic genes in the process of transformation.

Objective To investigate the effect of nano-?-linolenic acid on the expression of cathepsin B(CB) in mice with viral myocarditis(VM).Methods Eighty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,myocarditis group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,each group had 20 mice.Mice in control group were inoculated introperitoneally with eagle′s solution,every mouse in the last 3 groups was treated with 0.1 mL Coxsackie B3 virus(CVB3) intraperitoneally.Then,mice in low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group were treated with 60 mg?kg-1and 180 mg?kg-1 nano-?-linolenic acid solution for 7 days,respectively.Mice in control group and myocarditis group were treated with 9 g?L-1 saline for 7 days.All mice were killed on the 15th day,and the specimens of hearts and serum were conserved.Myocardial histopathology was determined with hematoxylin and eosin stain.The expression levels of myocardial CB mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Serum CB concentration was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The mortality rate was 0,45%,30% and 20% in control group,myocarditis group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,respectively;the mortality rate was significantly lower in high-dose intervention group compared with myocarditis group(P0.05).The expression level of CB mRNA and serum CB concentration were markedly higher in myocarditis group than those in control group(Pa

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of inhaled budesonide on the efficacy and related indexes of patients with acute bronchitis. METHODS:102 patients with acute bronchitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group was given 100 mg/(kg·d) Cefotaxime sodium injection,adding into 150 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection intravenously by 2 times,as well as sedation,oxygen inhalation,rehydration,correcting acid-base balance and other conventional treatment;ob-servation group was additionally given 2 ml Inhaled budesonide suspension,twice a day. The treatment course for both groups was 7 d. Clinical efficacy,erythrocyte immune complex rosette(E-ICR),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),peak expiratory flow rate(PEF),forced vital capacity(FVC),1 second forced exhaled volume(FEV1),time of body temperature returned to nor-mal,cough disappearance time,rale disappearance time before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,time of body temperature returned to normal, cough disappearance time and rale disappearance time were significantly shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the E-ICR and hs-CRP levels,PEF,FVC and FEV1 between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,E-ICR and hs-CRP levels were significant-ly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,PEF,FVC and FEV1 were significantly higher than be-fore,and observation group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). And there were no adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,inhaled budesonide has obvious efficacy in the treatment of acute bronchitis,and it can reduce E-ICR and hs-CRP,improve pulmonary functions,with good safety.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) combined with methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA),and to compare it with cyclophosphamide (CTX) added to MTX for the treatment of refractory RA.Methods Thirty-six cases of refractory RA patients were divided into the observation group and the control group.TAC+MTX were used in the observation group,and CTX+MTX were used in the control group.We used repeated measures to analyze the variance and Fisher exact probability method to analyze the efficacy at 8 weeks and 24 weeks.Results The effective rate of the observation group in 8 weeks,24 weeks were 77.8％(14 cases) and 100％(18 cases) respectively,while those of the control group were 11.1％ (2 cases) and 44.4％(8 cases),it showed that both TAC+MTX and CTX+MTX in the treatment of refractory RA were effective,but the efficacy of TAC+MTX was better than CTX+MTX,the difference of C reactive protein (CRP) and disease activity score (DAS)28 was statistically significant (P＜0.05),and it could significantly improve the clinical symptoms and laboratory indexes.Conclusion TAC+MTX is effective and safe in treating refractory RA,and is worth of spreading.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the functional outcomes of modified limited "L" incision beside the Achilles tendon with distraction bone block arthrodesis in treatment of subtalar osteoarthritis.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to September 2012, a total of 22 cases of old calcaneus fractures with subtalar osteoarthritis were treated with modified limited "L" incision and distraction bone block arthrodesis including 13 males and 9 females with a mean age of 35.3 years old (ranged 22 to 49). The mean time from calcaneal fracture was 21 months (ranged 11 to 32). According to the Stephens-Sanders classification, 16 cases were type II and 6 were type III. The modified-AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was used for functional outcomes evaluation.

RESULTSThere was one incision necrosis and no infection, implant failure, bone-graft absorbed or talus necrosis was note at the follow-up time. A total of 21 cases were followed up for a mean time of 29 months (ranged from 18 to 46 months). All of the cases reached a bony union within 4 months postoperation. The mean modified-AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 82.6 points (ranged from 66 to 92 points),reached a significantly improvement in comparing with the mean preoperative score (50.8 points,ranged from 32 to 65 points, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe modified limited"L" incision beside the Achilles tendon with distraction bone block arthrodesis is an acceptable and alternative treatment method for subtalar osteoarthritis. This method is easy to use and with less complication. It can correct the main pathological changes and reach good functional outcomes.

Adult ; Arthrodesis ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis ; surgery ; Subtalar Joint ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for delineation of small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in two newborns.

METHODChromosome karyotyping was performed on newborns who were born in Jan. 2013 and Jan. 2014 in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital because of the abnormalities found in pregnancy checkups. SNP microarray analysis was carried out on 2 newborns with de novo sSMCs (one was mos 47,XY, + mar[45]/46,XY[5] and the other was mos 47, XY, + mar [30]/46, XY [20]), which could not be determined by conventional banding techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood samples, amplified, tagged and hybridized following the manufacturer' s protocol. Data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTThere was a 78. 6 Mb duplication in chromosome 8 for Newborn A, which was associated with 8p22 duplication syndrome; and a 32. 7 Mb duplication in chromosome 13 for Newborn B, which was not yet reported definitely as pathogenic. The newborn A was identified with agenesis of the corpus callosum, obvious right eyelid drooping, the onset of low muscle tone and mental developmental lag behind their peers, while the newborn B had normal findings on physical and mental evaluation.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array can identify sSMCs of newborns at the DNA level, and can be used as an important supplement to the conventional karyotype analysis, but the pathogenicity of positive outputs need further verification.

Chromosome Duplication ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide