Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of PTB prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PTB in Ankang City from 2011 to 2021, and a time series model was established to quantitatively predict the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in 2023. Results The incidence rate in Ankang City showed a significant upward trend from 2011 to 2017, and a more obvious downward trend in 2017-2021 (P<0.05), and the decrease rate in 2021 was 40.36% compared with that in 2017. The proportion of etiological positivity increased from 12.5% in 2014 to over 50.00% after 2019. The incidence season was mainly concentrated in the first quarter, accounting for 28.39% of the annual incidence. High incidence areas were concentrated in the south of Ankang: Langao County, Ziyang County and Zhenping County, with 128.32/100 000, 117.07/100 000 and 110.44/100 000, respectively. Low incidence areas were located in the north of Ankang: Ningshan County, with 60.62/100 000. Farmers and students were the high incidence groups, accounting for 81.80% and 4.97% of the total cases respectively. The incidence of young children was relatively low, but cases were reported every year. The incidence rate of male was 2.39 times that of female. The age of onset increased significantly from 15 years old, and the peak incidence was in the age group of 60-<80 years old, followed by the age group of 45-<60 years old, the average annual incidence was 136.44/100 000 and 104.47/100 000, respectively. The model ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)12 predicted that the incidence of the disease generally increased from October 2022 to March 2023, then steadily decreased, and increased again in December. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis varies in different areas of Ankang City, and males, farmers, students and the elderly are all factors of high incidence of tuberculosis. Therefore, different prevention and control strategies should be adopted according to the characteristics of population in different areas. The number of cases in Ankang City in 2023 showed an overall downward trend, which can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PTB.

Objective To explore the risk and treatment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in patients with liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis.Methods To summarize the clinical data of 28 patients with liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis.The patients were repeated right upper quadrant pain,including 4 cases of gallbladder neck stones incarcerated,gallbladder effusion.Among them,there were 20 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis,5 cases of schistosomiasis cirrhosis,3 cases of alcohol.Results There were 6 patients with hemorrhage during operation.Among them,5 patients were treated with gelatin sponge,hemostatic gauze and bio-glue spray to stop bleeding,1 case was transferred to open surgery because of bleeding.The remaining 27 cases of LC were successful.Complications occurred in 8 patients,3 cases of increased liver function abnormalities,1 case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding,1 case of mild hepatic encephalopathy,2 cases of significant ascites formation,1 patient underwent subtotal resection of the gallbladder with Hartmanns bag,and bile was found in the ascites after surgery,but the bile disappeared after five days.All patients with complications after symptomatic treatment were cured,no death,no major bleeding and liver failure,bile duct injury,severe biliary fistula and other serious complications.Conclusion Although the risk of LC in patients with liver cirrhosis is higher than that in the general population,with the help of current high-tech surgical instruments,we can safely accomplish this with an improved surgical procedure.As these patients require high technical requirements of surgery,surgeons must have a wealth of experience and familiar laparoscopic liver and gallbladder anatomy.

OBJECTIVETo study the membrane properties of rat medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons and their firing responses to simulated input signals of peripheral vestibular system, and to discuss how the intrinsic membrane properties contribute to physiologic functions in central vestibular system.

METHODSBy using infrared differential interference contrast technique, whole-cell recordings were made from rat MVN neurons under direct observation. On the basis of their averaged action potential shapes, the MVN neurons were classified. Linear and non-linear currents were put into the neurons to simulate the input signals of peripheral vestibular system. The differences of intrinsic membrane properties and firing response dynamics were observed between two types.

RESULTSThe discharge activities were recorded in MVN neurons, which remained in low Ca2+-high Mg2+ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Neurons are classified as type A (33%) characterized by a single deep after-hyperpolarization (AHP) and A-like rectification, or type B (63%) characterized by double AHP, and another two neurons with all or none of the characters. The passive membrane properties were not significantly different between type A and type B neurons, while part of active membrane properties was significantly different. Both type A and B neurons well responded to simulated current inputs, but disparities existed in response range and firing dynamics.

CONCLUSIONSThe discharge activities of MVN neurons were initiated by their intrinsic membrane properties. Most MVN neurons were classified as type A and B, while several showed unrepresentative firing properties. Linear and nonlinear inputs evoked a heterogeneous range of firing responses. The differences of response range and firing dynamics between neurons may determine their different physiological functions.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Vestibular Nuclei ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of echocardiography diagnosis of fetal cardiac structural abnormalities.

METHODSThe echocardiography findings of 9 352 fetus were studied.

RESULTSA total of 472 cases showed cardiac structural abnormalities, including 7 cases of ventricular septal defect, 53 cases of atrioventricular septal defect, 49 cases of atrial septal defect, 26 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, 21 cases of persistent truncus arteriosus, 20 cases of Ebstein's anomaly and 206 cases of other cardiac abnormalities. There were 17 cases with cardiac arrhythmia, 9 with heart failure, and 5 with hydrops.

CONCLUSIONSFetal echocardiography is a promising diagnostic tool for prenatal evaluation of cardiac structural abnormalities. The echocardiography diagnosis and evaluation for fetal congenital cardiovascular malformations is the foundation of the guidance and monitoring in intrauterine fetal cardiac intervention.

Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; etiology ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Facing the complicated life phenomemon, both metabonomics and pharmaco-metabonomics take an organic conception of the human body, which conforms to the way of thinking of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The application of metabonomics and pharmaco-metabonomics in the modernization of TCM will deepen the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of TCM, the study of intrinsic quality of TCM syndrome and the treatment by differentiation of syndrome, facilitate the integration of TCM with modern biological science and technology, promote the modernization of TCM, and provide a new space for the development of TCM.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Metabolomics ; Social Change

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of Testosterone in the condylar cartilage of rapid growing rats.

METHODSThe mimic functional appliances were used in experiment groups and rats were killed after 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of T.

RESULTST was expressed throughout the condylar cartilage. The Highest expressions were in mature layers of both experiment and control groups. Along with the maturation, the expressions of T in the condylar cartilage were changed respectively, and the immunostain levels in the mature layer of experiment groups 2 and 3 weeks were higher than those of control groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION1. T is a member of cartilage growth and development control system. 2. The orthopedic mechanism of functional appliance may be conducted by T.

Animals ; Cartilage ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Male ; Mandibular Advancement ; Mandibular Condyle ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and discuss its action mechanism.

METHODSFifty-seven cases were randomly divided into two groups. The acupuncture group (29 cases) was treated with acupuncture at Taichong (LR 3), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) etc., once a day and 5 times per week. The medication group (28 cases) was treated with oral administration of pinaverium (50 mg each time, 3 times a day) and live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablet (4 tablets each time, 3 times a day). Four weeks were taken as a treatment course in both groups. Before and after treatment ELISA method was applied to measure the level of serum 5-HT of the patients in two groups. The scores of clinical symptoms were observed before treatment, after one and four weeks of treatment and 3 months after treatment, respectively.

RESULTSThe level of serum 5-HT was significantly reduced in the acupuncture group and medication group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), which had no statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the medication group, the scores of clinical symptoms were obviously improved in the acupuncture group after one and four weeks of treatment and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 89.66% (26/29) in the acupuncture group, which was superior to 67.85% (19/28) in the medication group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of acupuncture is superior to that of medicine in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The acupuncture treatment could reduce the visceral sensitivity, improve the intestinal motility and regulate the imbalance of brain-intestine interactive function.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diarrhea ; blood ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; blood ; therapy ; Male ; Serotonin ; blood ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo prepare the PrP specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can be used for the detection of mammalian prions and study of pathogenesis of prion diseases.

METHODSSeveral BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant hamster prion protein (HaPrP). Three hybridoma cell lines designated as B7, B9, and B10, secreting monoclonal antibodies against HaPrP, were established by hybridoma technique. The mAbs reactivities were evaluated with ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe mAbs produced by these cell lines reacted well with different recombinant hamster PrP proteins. Western blot analyses showed that mAbs B7 and B9 reacted with PrPSc from the scrapie-infected animals after proteinase K digestion with three glycosylated forms. The mAbs exhibited cross-reactivity with various PrPC from several other mammalian species, including humans and cattles. Immunohistochemistry assays confirmed that mAbs B7 and B9 could recognize not only extracellular but also intracellular PrPsSc.

CONCLUSIONThe mAbs of prion protein are successfully generated by hybridoma technique and can be applied for the diagnosis of prion associated diseases.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cricetinae ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Immunization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; PrPC Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; PrPSc Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology

Neural oscillations reflect synchronized activities of neuronal ensembles in central nervous system. In the hippocampus, thalamus, neocortex and other brain subregions, neural oscillation can be detected and plays a crucial role in many complicated cognitive processes. Decoupling and damaging of neural oscillation play a key role in the induction of severe cognition deficits in many psychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize research advances in the underlying mechanisms and physiological functions of neural oscillations. We also discuss the abnormal changes of sharp wave-ripple, gamma oscillation and sleep spindle oscillation in major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, etc. Finally, the application potential of neural oscillations as clinical diagnosis and treatment targets is evaluated and prospected.
Depressive Disorder, Major ; Hippocampus/physiology* ; Humans ; Neurons ; Sleep/physiology*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate and analyze a therapeutic principle and strategy to treat the traumatic instability of sub-axial cervical spine as well as the prognosis assessment.

METHODSAccording to the Allen-Fergurson's classification, 83 patients who suffered from the traumatic instability of sub-axial cervical spine were performed operations depending on the patients's general health, the local pathological anatomy and neurological function, including both the decompression and reconstruction maneuvers through anterior, posterior or combined approach.

RESULTSThe average follow-up was 3 years and 9 months. The distraction-flexion and compression-flexion were the most frequent injury subtypes. There were 46, 28 and 9 operations through anterior, posterior or combined approach respectively. No operation through anterior-posterior-anterior approach occurred. The average scores of JOA, VAS and ASIA motor index improved from 11.2, 7.8 and 53.5 before operation, to 15.3, 2.6 and 67.8 at the final follow-up, respectively. After operation, there were different extent improvements of average radiologic parameter. Fusion was achieved in all patients and 12 complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to both the patients's general health and the local pathological anatomy, individual therapeutic designing should be determined to treat the traumatic instability of sub-axial cervical spine.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Spinal Injuries ; complications