OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and the patients' quality of life (QOL).

METHODSA total of 492 TMD patients were included in this study. The clinical examination results were recorded using Fricton index of temporomandibular joint function. "Visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation of QOL disturbance" was designed to quantitate patients' QOL, to evaluate the degree that the patients QOL was affected.

RESULTSChewing, daily life and emotion among all 8 items of QOL were frequently affected by TMD, and joint clicking had the least influence on QOL. Intermittent closed lock had more severe interference with QOL than joint clicking only. Severe and moderate pain or limited mouth opening affected the QOL more severely than mild pain or mild limited mouth opening. The simple linear relationship between Fricton index and patients' QOL was poor (r < 0.4).

CONCLUSIONSPain is the most frequently seen symptom in TMD. TMD could affect patients' QOL, including both physical and social-psychological functions. The results suggest that the patients' QOL as well as TMD symptoms and signs should be considered in the management of TMD.

Objective To evaluate results of double eyelid operations with different incisions.Methods 100 patientswere selected randomly from out-patients that accepted double eyelid operation.Half of them were objected to double eyelid operation through a palpebral marginal incision.Incision was designed along the palpebral margin,close to boots of eyelashes.Most of the subcutaneous tissues was cut and removed,and then dermis and tarsal plate were fixed with 5 stitches of suture.About 1-3 mm wide of skin along superior margin was removed reasonably.In another 50 cases.double eyelid operation was performed with conventional incision.Incision was designed 6-8 mm far from the palpebral margin.Most of the subcutaneous tissues was removed.and then dermis and tarsal plate were fixed with 5 stitches of suture.Results Postoperative results were evaluated 5 days and 1 month after operation respectively.Postoperative double eyelid shapes were all satisfled in two groups.Swollen eyedids and scar were more inconspicuous in the cases with the palpebral-marginal incision without impairment on eyelashes.Conclusion Compared with double eyelid operation with conventional incision,blepharoplasty with palpebral margin incision has the same results but with lighter impairment,milder hydropsia and more inconspicuous scar.The key point of this procedure is the fixation of dermis and tarsal plate,keeping a good radian of double eyelid line.

Acinetobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Anthracosis ; microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Fosfomycin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology

Activated sludge is a complicated microbial ecosystem that has diversity. Based on the diversity,microorganisms are selected by acclimation condition:the survival of the fittest,otherwise eliminate through selection or contest. Moreover,microorganisms in activated sludge acclimatize themselves to acclimation conditions. In the process the ecosystem distributes and adjusts microbial niche over again. The theory of "selection and acclimatization" may be used to explain the mechanism of activated sludge acclimation. So then,original sludge,wastewater quality and treating process are major influencing factors for activated sludge acclimation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between postmortem interval (PMI) and five RNA markers of rat's skin--β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 18S ribosomal RNA(18S rRNA), 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA), and microRNA-203 (miR-203), at different temperatures. METHODS: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into three environmental temperature groups: 4 °C, 15 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Skin samples were taken at 11 time points from 0 h to 120 h post-mortem. The total RNA was extracted from the skin samples and the five RNA levels were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Proper internal reference was selected by geNorm software. Regression analysis of the RNA markers was conducted by GraphPad software. RESULTS: 5S rRNA and miR-203 were most suitable internal references. A good linear relationship between PMI and RNA levels (β-actin and GAPDH) was observed in two groups (4 °C and 15 °C), whereas the S type curve relationship between the expression levels of the two markers (β-actin and GAPDH) and PMI was observed in the 35 °C group. The partial linear relationship between 18S rRNA and PMI was observed in the groups (15 °C and 35 °C). CONCLUSION Skin could be a suitable material for extracting RNA. The RNA expression levels of β-actin and GAPDH correlate well with PMI, and these RNA markers of skin tissue could be additional indice for the estimation of PMI.
Actins ; Animals ; Autopsy ; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics* ; Postmortem Changes ; RNA ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Regression Analysis ; Skin ; Temperature

Objective To discuss the mid?to long?term results and possible prognostic factors of Bernese periacetabu?lar osteotomy for adolescents and young adults with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Methods Bernese periacetabular os?teotomy was performed on 162 patients (171 hips) with hip dysplasia from August 1997 to July 2009. Follow?up data was ac?quirable completely in 123 cases (137 hips), including 30 males (33 hips) and 93 females (104 hips). Age of surgery was 12-48 years (average 27.1 years). The X?ray radiographs and Harris scores were recorded preoperatively and at the last follow?up. The lateral center?edge angle (LCE), acetabular incline angle (AI), continuity of Shenton's line were also recorded. The grades of the hip osteoarthritis were classified by T?nnis classification. Insufficient corrections of osteotomy, excessive corrections of osteotomy, nonunion of the pubis, nerve injuries, and vascular injuries were recorded as complications. Results All the con?tactable cases was followed up again in June and July in 2014. Follow?up duration was 5-17 years (mean, 8.1 years). The LCE angle improved from 7.13° ± 8.86° preoperatively to 30.17° ± 14.98° at the final follow?up. The T?nnis acetabular incline angle decreased from 27.84° ± 12.85° preoperatively to 7.06° ± 10.58° at the final follow?up. The continuity of Shenton's line was in?tact in 106 cases postoperatively, compared with 87 cases preoperatively. Harris score improved from 83.34±9.82 preoperative?ly to 92.79±7.05 at the last follow?up. There was significant correlation between preoperative Harris score and Harris score at the last follow?up. Early complications were observed in 15 cases (15 hips), along with 17 cases (17 hips) of progressions of hip osteoarthritis. Survival rate of the hip at the last follow?up was 97.8%. Conclusion Bernese periacetabular osteotomies can significantly improve bone coverage and joint function of hip dysplasia patients with low rate of short?term complications. Further?more, there was little osteoarthritis progression observed, with good survival rate of the joint in mid?to long?term follow?up. Lower pre?operative Harris scores and higher pre?operative T?nnis classifications are important prognostic factors for post?operative pain.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of tendon-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with endurance resistance exercises in treating female with chronic neck pain, and explore the mechanism. Methods: A total of 57 female patients with chronic neck pain who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a manipulation group (29 cases) and a medium-frequency electrotherapy group (28 cases). Patients in both groups received the same endurance exercise therapy, while those in the manipulation group received additional tendon-regulating and bone-setting manipulation, and those in the medium-frequency electrotherapy group received additional medium-frequency electrotherapy. Both groups were treated for 5 weeks. Before and after treatment, the neck function of patients was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS), Analgesy-Meter, Northwick Park questionnaire (NPQ), root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of surface electromyography of sternocleidomastoid muscle and posterior cervical extensor muscle, and the patients were followed up at a month after treatment. Results: All patients completed the treatment and were followed up. Compared with the same group before treatment, the VAS scores of both groups decreased, the tenderness values increased, the RMS and MF values increased, and the NPQ scores decreased after treatment (all P<0.05). The improvement of manipulation group was more notable than that of medium-frequency electrotherapy group (all P<0.05). At one-month follow-up, the VAS and NPQ scores of the manipulation group were lower than those before and after treatment, and the VAS and NPQ scores of the medium-frequency electrotherapy group were only lower than those before treatment; the two scores of the manipulation group were lower than those of the medium-frequency electrotherapy group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Tendon-regulating and bone-setting manipulation combined with endurance resistance exercises can relieve neck pain and cervical dysfunction in female patients with chronic neck pain. The efficacy of this method is more durable and better than that of medium-frequency electrotherapy combined with endurance exercises.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency and safety of femoral head reduction osteotomy for young patients with coxa magna or coxa plana.Methods Between June 2012 and September 2015,the clinical characteristics of 12 patients (13 hips) with coxa magna or coxa plana who underwent femoral head reduction osteotomy were analyzed retrospectively.There were 6 males (7 hips) and 6 females (6 hips) with average age 18.1 years (range,10-25 years).The etiology of the femoral head deformity was multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in 6 hips and Legg-Calvé-Perthes sequela in 7 hips.The head reduction osteotomy was conducted through the surgical hip dislocation approach combined with extended retinacular soft-tissue flap extending technique.All patients underwent simultaneous periacetabular osteotomy and relative lengthening of the femoral neck,of which four also underwent proximal femur derotational osteotomy.All patients received the standardized rehabilitation procedures.The postoperative complications,gaits,the range of motion (ROM) of the hip,Harris hip scores,iHOT scores and VAS were analyzed postoperatively.In addition,the lateral center-edge (LCE) angle,sphericity index and coverage rate of femoral head were assessed as well.Results The average follow-up duration was 28.8 months (range,12-45 months).All patients achieved osteotomy healing of the femoral head and greater trochanter with average healing time 3.7 months (range,3-7 months).Nine of 12 patients had significant gaits improvement.The Harris hip scores (81.08± 12.36 vs.88.38 ± 8.96,t=2.41,P=0.033),iHOT score (51.90± 15.07 vs.67.69±8.70,t=3.63,P=0.003),LCE angle (-1.82°±16.57° vs.36.02°±7.72°,t=10.52,P=0.000),sphericity index of anteroposterior pelvic radiographs (71.08％± 10.32％ vs.81.22％±8.61％,t=7.17,P=0.000) and the coverage index (48.79％±11.85％ vs.87.46％± 10.44％,t=8.56,P=0.000) were all significantly improved when compared to those preoperatively.The VAS score (4.46± 2.37 vs.1.23±0.93,t=4.25,P=0.001) was significantly decreased when compared with that preoperatively.However,for the sphericity index of 65° false profile (78.96％± 10.39％ vs.80.36％±8.42％,t=0.411,P=0.688) and the average hip ROM (264.62°± 32.05° vs.255.00°±40.31°,t=0.89,P=0.391),they did not achieve statistical significant difference.One case of femoral head necrosis site was localized at the lateral-superior part of femoral head,and there was no progression after 3 years follow-up.Moreover,no revision or total hip arthroplasty were observed due to other complications (osteoarthritis,hip pain or non-union).Conclusion The femoral head reduction osteotomy can correct deformity,improve femoral head sphericity,relieve pain and improve gaits and hip function.This procedure leads to satisfied clinical outcomes for patients with coxa magna or coxa plana in early follow-up.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupoint application at different groups of acupoints in treating bronchial asthma in remission stage. Methods:A total of 120 patients with bronchial asthma in remission stage were recruited and divided by the random number table method into acupoint application group 1, acupoint application group 2 and acupoint application group 3, with 40 cases in each group. In all the three groups, Tiantu (CV 22), Dazhui (GV 14) and Feishu (BL 13) were selected, with Dingchuan (EX-B 1) added in acupoint application group 1, Shenshu (BL 23) added in acupoint application group 2, and Gaohuang (BL 43) added in acupoint application group 3. Before intervention, one month and 3 months after intervention, clinical symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF) andforced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted value (FEV1％) of the three groups were observed, and their clinical efficacies were evaluated. Results: Comparing the therapeutic efficacy regarding traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and signs, after 1-month treatment, the total effective rate was 87.5％ in acupoint application group 1, versus 62.5％ in acupoint application group 2 and 55.0％ in acupoint application group 3, and the between-group differences were statistically significant. After 3-month treatment, the total effective rate was 95.0％ in acupoint application group 1, versus 70.0％ in acupoint application group 2 and 65.0％ in acupoint application group 3, and the between-group differences were statistically significant. After intervention, the three groups all showed significant improvements in pulmonary function with statistical significance; among the three groups, the improvement in acupoint application group 1 was more significant than that in the other two groups. Conclusion: Tiantu (CV 22), Dazhui (GV 14) and Feishu (BL 13) as basic prescription plus Dingchuan (EX-B 1) can improve symptoms of bronchial asthma in remission stage, and it works better in improving pulmonary function than the basic prescription plus Shenshu (BL 23) or Gaohuang (BL 43).

Objective To introduce the clinical types of perforator branches of anterosuperior malleolus flap and explore its application.Methods Anterosuperior malleolus flap coupling with dorsal pedal flap was used for repairing the soft tissue defect of hands in 18 patients,in which anterosuperior malleolus flap-dorsal pedal single flap in 12 cases,anterosuperior malleolus flap-dorsal pedal bilobate flap in 4 cases,anterosuperior malleolus flap-dorsal pedal trilobate flap in 2 cases;Anterosuperior malleolus retrograde island (bone) flap was used in recovering pedal soft tissue in 22 patients,the flap pedicled from stem of anterior tibial artery in 16 cases,dorsal pedal flap-anterosuperior malleolus flap in 2 cases,the flap from perforate vessels without injuring the anterior main tibial artery in 2 cases,the bone flap combined with the distal of tibia in 2 cases.Results In the 18 cases of hands,17 cases survived,and 1 case of flap mild necrosis at the distal site took a second-phase skin-grafting to repair.Twenty cases of anterosuperior malleolus retrograde island (bone) flap survived,and the other 2 cases needed secondary skin-grafting to repair the necrosis edge of flaps because of venous limited.After a follow-up from 3 to 6 months,30 cases showed the satisfied postoperative outlook,with the good healing of the donor sites.Typing the 40 cases according to the location of perforator branches of the anterosuperior malleolus flap,20 cases locate in the medial of anterior tibial muscle,16 cases locate between the anterior tibial muscle and extensor hallucis longus,4 cases locate between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus.Conclusion Knowing the clinical types of the perforator branches of anterosuperior malleolus flap is not only helpful for the accurate processes of operations、preventing cutaneous branches,but also improving the success rate of surgery.