Fetal Heart ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans

Fetal atrioventricular block (AVB) is a type of fetal bradyarrhythmias. The reported incidence of fetal complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) and mortality of perinatal fetuses and neonates are signiifcantly higher in pregnancies of anti-SSA/Ro-positive mothers than that of anti-SSA/Ro-negative mothers. The auto-antibodies in maternal serum that can be transported into fetal circulation through placenta may damage fetal cardiac conductive system and eventually result in fetal AVB. There are evidences that early diagnosis and proper treatment can improve the prognosis and survival rate of affected fetuses. In this article, the pathogenesis, risk factors, prenatal diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of fetal immune mediated AVB is reviewed.

In order to change the situations such as students’passivity and low enthusiasm in the traditional experimental teaching of Microbiology and improve students’comprehensive qualities,exploration and attempt on experimental teaching reforms including teaching contents,teaching modes,laboratory management and evaluation system of examination were done.Teaching practices showed that the normalized ex- periment syllabus based on the correct orientation of experimental teaching of Microbiology,the actualization of teaching mode of basic skill training-integrated experiment-designed experiment and the management of opening laboratory were effective measures in improving experimental teaching of Microbiology.

In recent years, the study of autophagy in spinal cord injury (SCI) gradually becomes the hot spot. However, the function of autophagy in the injured spinal cord is still controversial. In order to further understand the role of autophagy after SCI, we summarized the activation of autophagy, autophagic cell death, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, the function of autophagy in promoting the molecular metabolism and the role of autophagy after spinal cord injury. We concluded that the role of autophagy after SCI is a double-edged sword. Upregulating the level of autophagy appropriately can promote damaged proteins metabolism and inhibit apoptosis. However, excessive activation of antophagy may induce autophagic cell dealth. So we consider that the proper regulation of autophagy will be a new target in the treatment of SCI.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; physiology ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical results of external fixation and AO titanium elastic intramedullary nailing for treatment of tibia-fibula comminuted closed fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to June 2012,58 patients with tibia-fibula comminuted closed fractures were treated with external fixation and AO titanium elastic intramedullary nailing, including 31 males and 27 females with an average age of 38.5 years old ranging from 21 to 57 years old. According to the system of AO Classification, the fractures were classified as type B1 in 9 cases,type B2 in 7 cases, type B3 in 10 cases, type Cl in 14 cases, type C2 in 12 cases,and type C3 in 6 cases. According to the system of Winquist-Hanson,the fractures' comminuted were classified as grade 1 in 23 cases, grade 2 in 17 cases, grade 3 in 12 cases, and grade 4 in 6 cases. According to the system of Johner-Wruhs, clinical results were compared between different type and grade groups by the time of last followed-up.

RESULTSAll 58 patients were followed up with an average time of 6.8 months (ranged from 18 to 36 weeks). All fractures had clinical healing with an average time of 28 weeks (ranged from 24 to 32 weeks). The total rate of good to excellent results was 91.4%. The rate of good to excellent in the group of grade 1 was higher than that of other grades. The complication rates and fracture healing time would increase respectively with higher Winquist-Hanson's grade. The complication rates in the group of type C3 was higher than that of other types, but the rate of good to excellent was lower than that of other types. The complication rates in the group of type B1 was lower than that of other types,but the rate of good to excellent was higher than that of other types.

CONCLUSIONMinimal invasiveusing AO titanium elastic intramedullary nailing combined with external fixation for treatment of tibia-fibula fractures especially for the multiple-segment,long spiral mild-to-moderate comminuted with hidden fracture can get satisfactory reduction and reliable fixation,it conformes to the principle of BO completely, protects the fracture end blood supply,reduces the external fixation time, has less skin soft tissue complications, postoperative function recovered satisfactorily.

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Closed ; surgery ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibia ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo identify the correlation of the volume of residual urine (VRU) with the severity of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor contractility in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSA total of 152 patients with clinically diagnosed BPH underwent ultrasonography for measurement of the prostate volume and RVU, free uroflowmetry, and urodynamic examination for the severity of BOO and detrusor contractility. Using the software SPSS20. 0, we analyzed the correlation between the ultrasonographic results and urodynamic parameters and compared the two sample means by the t-test.

RESULTSThe prostate volume was correlated positively with BOO severity (r = 0.432, P < 0.01) and detrusor contractility (r = 0.343 , P < 0.01) while Qmax negatively with BOO severity (r = 0.327, P < 0.01) but not significantly with detrusor contractility (r = 0.123, P > 0.05). VRU showed a significantly negative correlation with detrusor contractility when > 150 ml (r = -0.490, P < 0.01), even more significantly when > 300 ml (r = -0.717, P < 0.01), but exhibited no significant correlation with it when ≤ 150 ml (r = 0.041, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVRU can somehow predict the detrusor function. For patients with VRU > 150 ml, especially for those with VRU > 300 ml, the detrusor function should be evaluated and urodynamic examination is recommended for exact assessment of BOO severity and detrusor contractility.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Hypertonia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Urine ; Urodynamics

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China over one hundred years. But its effect on antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes are unknown. This study was to observe the effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) on the activities of antioxidant and drug metabolism enzymes (DMEs) in liver of rats. Male SD rats, treated with XFZYD at the dosage of 3.51, 7.02 and 14.04 g x kg(-1) per day for 15 days, serum were collected, tissue fluid, cytosols and microsomes isolated from liver tissues were prepared by centrifugation according to the standard procedure, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and drug-Metabolizing Enzymes were determined by UV-V is spectrophotometer. In serum, the activities of AST was not significantly affected by the treatment with XFZYD, at the high- est dose, the levels of ALT, Cr and BUN were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). GPX were significantly increased at the dose of 7.02, 14.04 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), CAT were significantly increased at the highest dose (P < 0.05). T-SOD was not significantly af- fected by this treatment. In the liver tissue, GPX was significantly increased at the dose of 3.51, 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), GST, CAT and T-SOD were not significantly affected following this treatment. In cytosols, GST was significantly increased at the dose of 3.51 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), T-SOD was remarkable induced at the dose of 3.51 and 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05). In microsomes, XFZYD had no significant effect on Cytochromeb5, NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase, CYP3A, CYP2E1 and UGT, XFZYD significantly in- duced GST at the dose of 3.51 and 7.02 g x kg(-1) (P < 0.05), and the level of GSH were significantly increased by XFZYD at the dose of 3.51, 7.02 and 14.04 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest XFZYD can induce the activities of GPX, CAT, SOD, GST and increase GSH level in liver of rats, which indicate XFZYD may have detoxification and antioxidant functions.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe effect of acupuncture at Sifeng (EX-UE 10) on serum leptin level in the child of anorexia, so as to reveal relation between changes of blood leptin level and anorexia of child.

METHODSForty-two cases were randomly divided into 3 groups. The treatment group A (n = 15) were treated with acupuncture at Sifeng (EX-UE 10), once each week, 3 consecutive sessions constituting one course; the treatment group B (n = 15) were treated with acupuncture at Sifeng (EX-UE 10), once two weeks, 3 consecutive sessions constituting one course; the medication group (n = 12) were treated with oral administration of Lactein tablets, 1 - 2 tablets each time, 3 times each day, 4 weeks constituting one course.

RESULTSThe effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group A and 93.3% in the treatment group B, which were higher than that in the medication group, with a very significant differences (P < 0.01); after treatment, the serum leptin levels in the 3 groups had very significant changes (P < 0.01); the improvement of serum leptin levels in the treatment group A and B were better than that in the medication group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Sifeng (EX-UE 10) can promote secretion of serum leptin in the child of anorexia, and improve anorexia.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Anorexia ; blood ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; Male

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Atrial Flutter ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Digoxin ; therapeutic use ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of testicular appendages, observe their morphology, and analyze their histopathological origins.

METHODSWe observed 67 testes in 54 patients (15 children and 39 adults) undergoing scrotal surgery, investigated the incidence of testicular appendages, and identified their histopathological origins. We used the Chi-square test to compare the findings from the children and adult patients, with P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

RESULTSThe detection rates of the appendix testis, appendix epididymis, paradidymis, vas aberrans superior, and vas aberrans inferior were 80.6% (54/67), 23.9% (16/67), 1.5% (1/67), 3.0% (2/67), and 1.5% (1/67), respectively. The incidence of testicular appendages was higher in children than in adults (93.3% vs 80.8%), but with no statistically significant difference (Chi2 = 1.339, P > 0.05), and that of the appendix testis and epididymis with pedicles was significantly higher in the former than in the latter (82.4% vs 54.7%, chi2 = 4.149, P < 0.05). Pathological examination showed that the appendix testis originated from the paramesonephric duct, while the appendix epididymis, paradidymis, vas aberrans superior, and vas aberrans inferior from the mesonephric duct.

CONCLUSIONTesticular appendages consist of five embryonic remnants, including appendix testis, appendix epididymis, paradidymis, vas aberrans superior, and vas aber- rans inferior. The appendix testis originates from the paramesonephric duct, and the other four from the mesonephric duct. The clinical implication of these testicular appendages is their tendency to torsion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epididymis ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Testis ; pathology ; Young Adult