Tissue engineering is a new field, which is based on engineering and life biology. It studies the structure of creatures and shows a wide prospect of treating the functional obstacle of tissues' and organs' wane. Lots of success has been achieved during the passed years and most of them were used on clinical.According to the origin of germinal layer during embryo development, the applying progress of tissue engineering in medicine is discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of the enteric nervous system(ENS) in the middle stage(the 4th approximate, equals 6th months) of human embryogenesis. METHODS: A histologic evaluation of the clonic enteric nervous system was done using NADPHd histochemistry, PAP immunohistochemistry, with anti-PGP 9.5 and anti-S-100 protein. RESULTS: During this stage of embryology three things were noted. (1)The nerves in the myenteric layer increased markedly. This was shown by the PGP 9.5 immunoreactive nerves spreading out and the S-100 protein immunoreactive nerves forming a "bamboo basket"pattern. (2)The whole myenteric colon showed nitrigeric nerves paralleling the growth of the myofibers in the circular muscle layer. Nitrigeric perikara were rarely found in the extrinsic submucosal layer.(3) In the whole-mounted preparations reactive nerves formed the complex nerve net in the myenteric layer. CONCLUSION: The middle stage of embryogensis is very important to the development of the colon ENS.

Siegesbeckia pubescens (SP) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of and inflammatory diseases.However,the activities of SP against hepatocellular carcinoma and the related mechanisms remain unclear.The present study aimed to examine the effects of the essential oil of SP (SPEO) on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the possible mechanisms.The growth inhibition of HepG2 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Hoechst 33258 and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to observe the nuclear morphological changes of apoptotic cells.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle.The expressions of the target proteins were detected by Western blotting.The results showed that SPEO obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.SPEO activated a series of apoptotic proteins in HepG2 cells,increasing expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9,and decreasing the bcl-2 expression level.SPEO displayed promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities in vitro,partly by inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells through activating the mitochondrial pathway.

Objective To study the surgical method of repairing the defects of the hand with the free antero-lateral thigh perforator flap without carrying the source of blood vessels and the fascia. Methods From February, 2013 to October, 2016, 8 cases of hand defects with tendon and bone exposure.Looking for the thickest perforator in the anterolateral thigh region by using the Multidetector computed tomography angiography(MDCTA)and color Doppler Sonography(CDS). Find the perforator in the superficial fascia,cut a small part of the fascia lata and vastus lateralis,cut off the pedicle at the musculocutaneous perforator.Cover the defects with flap after debridement. Regular follow-up include:the healing of the wound,the texture,shape and sensation of the skin flap, the scar and complica-tions of the donor area. Results All flaps survived in 8 cases, in one case,there are 1.0 cm necrosis in the distal flap, after debridement, direct suture. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months. The flaps were soft and normal color, restore the protective touch. The donor site healed well, linear scar, no itching and dysfunction. Conclusion Free anterolateral thigh perforator flap without source blood vessels and fascia lata is a good method for the repair of hand defects.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the survival quality of infants conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to identify the factors that cause birth defects and neonatal complications in IVF infants.

METHODSThe study included 150 IVF infants (IVF group) and 200 naturally conceived infants (control group). Indicators such as birth situation, gestational disease, birth defects, and neonatal complications were compared between groups. The influencing factors for birth defects and neonatal complications were analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the IVF group had increased incidences of twin pregnancy and low birth weight (P<0.01) but decreased average birth weight (P<0.05). In the IVF group, the mother's age was elder, with higher incidence of cesarean section, premature rupture of membranes, and pregnancy complications, as compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between the two groups (P>0.05). The IVF group had higher incidence rates of low birth weight and neonatal scleroderma (P<0.05), with a longer hospital stay (P<0.01), as compared with the control group. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that IVF, prematurity, twin pregnancy, and pregnancy complications were risk factors for low birth weight (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between IVF and naturally conceived infants. However, IVF infants have higher incidences of twin pregnancy and low birth weight, with a longer hospital stay, as compared with naturally conceived infants. Natural conceiving, avoiding prematurity, twin pregnancy, and pregnancy complications will reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy, Twin ; statistics & numerical data

Objective:To compare the detection success rates (DSRs) of different kinds of near-infrared spectrum non-invasive hemoglobin monitors in high-altitude environments.Methods:One hundred and forty-four healthy volunteers of either sex, aged 18-50 yr, were assigned to one of 3 groups using a random number table method: simulated high-altitude 3 500 meter group ( n=35), 4 000 meter group ( n=55) and 4 500 meter group ( n=54). Hemoglobin was detected by Radical-7, NW-9002SHM, A5 and TensorTip MTX type hemoglobin monitors in plain environment and simulated environment at different altitudes, and the DSRs were compared.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors affecting the success rate of instrument detection, and the cut-off value was determined by ROC curve and the Youden index. Results:In the simulated high-altitude environment of 3500, 4000 and 4500 m, the DSR of TensorTip MTX was significantly higher than that of Radical-7, NW-9002SHM and A5 ( P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in the DSR among Radical-7, NW-9002SHM and A5 ( P>0.05). Low SpO 2 was the main factor affecting the DSRs of the Radical-7, NW-9002SHM and A5 type hemoglobin monitor in high-altitude environment ( P<0.001), and the cut-off value of SpO 2 in determining the success of detection was 88.5%, 87.5% and 89.5%, respectively.The DSR of TensorTip MTX was not affected by low SpO 2. Conclusions:The DSR of TensorTip MTX hemoglobin monitor is minimally affected by the high-altitude environment and can be preferred in the absence of oxygen supply; when Radical-7, NW-9002SHM or A5 hemoglobin monitor applied in high-altitude environments, oxygen saturation needs to be increased to ensure a high DSR.

Objective To study the relationship between hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatitis B virus large envelope protein. Methods A total of 138 surveyed children with chronic active HBV infection were enrolled real-time fluorescence PCR method was employed to quantify serum HBV DNA levels and classify the HBV genotypes. Hepatitis B virus large envelope protein was detected by using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Results The absorbance of hepatitis B virus large envelope protein was positively correlated with hepatitis B virus DNA levels (r=0.85, P＜0.05); Serum ALT levers, the absorbance of hepatitis B virus large envelope protein and hepatitis B virus DNA levels (P＞0.05,P＞0.05,P＞0.05), were no significant difference between hepatitis B virus genotype B and hepatitis B virus genotype C. Conclusion There was a close correlation between the absorbance of hepatitis B virus large envelope protein and HBV DNA levels. Hepatitis B virus large envelope protein was a reliable serological marker that can reflect the replication of hepatitis B virus and there was no relationship between hepatitis B virus genotypes and Hepatitis B virus large envelope protein.

Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha ; Translocation, Genetic ; Tretinoin

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the brain glucose metabolism and left ventricular function parameters, and to explore the cerebral glucose metabolism reduction regions in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: A total of 110 consecutive IHD patients who underwent gated (99)Tc(m)-sestamibi (MIBI) SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion imaging, gated (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT myocardial and brain glucose metabolic imaging within three days in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from April 2016 to October 2017, were enrolled in this study. Left ventricular functional parameters of SPECT/CT and PET/CT including end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were analyzed by QGS software. Viable myocardium and myocardial infarction region were determined by 17-segment and 5 score system, and the ratio of viable myocardium and scar myocardium was calculated. According to the range of viable myocardium, the patients were divided into viable myocardium<10% group (n=44), viable myocardium 10%-<20% group (n=36) and viable myocardium≥20% group (n=30). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the range of viable myocardium and scar myocardium and the level of cerebral glucose metabolism. Brain glucose metabolism determined by the mean of standardized uptake value (SUV(mean)) was analyzed by SPM. The ratio of SUV(mean) in whole brain and SUV(mean) in cerebellum were calculated, namely taget/background ratio (TBR). Differences in cerebral glucose metabolism among various groups were analyzed by SPM. Results: There were 101 males, and age was (57±10) years in this cohort. The extent of viable myocardium and the extent of scar, LVEF evaluated by SPECT/CT and PET/CT were significantly correlated with TBR (r=0.280, r=-0.329, r=0.188, r=0.215 respectively,all P<0.05). TBR value was significantly lower in viable myocardium<10% group, compared with viable myocardium 10%-<20% group (1.25±0.97 vs. 1.32±0.17, P<0.05) and viable myocardium≥20% group (1.25±0.97 vs. 1.34±0.16, P<0.05). Furthermore, in comparison with viable myocardium≥20% group, the hypo-metabolic regions of viable myocardium<10% group were located in the precuneus, frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and so on. Conclusions: There is a correlation between impaired left ventricular function and brain glucose metabolism in IHD patients. In IHD patients with low myocardial viability, the level of glucose metabolism in the whole brain is decreased, especially in the brain functional areas related to cognitive function.
Aged ; Brain ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Glucose ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Stroke Volume ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and elucidate the characteristics and evolvement of Chinese medicine (CM) patterns reflecting the physical and mental conditions of participants in the Mars 500 long-term closed environment. METHODS: The DS01-T Digital TCM Four-Diagnostic Instrument and CM Inquiring Diagnostic Questionnaire were used to collect information from 6 participants in the Mars 500 International Joint Research Project, through diagnostic methods of observation, palpation and inquiry according to CM theory. During the 520 days of the experiment, data collection was performed 37 times; a total of over 400 digital images of tongues and facial complexion and over 20,000 data were collected. These data were then analyzed by a team of experts in CM, statistics, and data mining. RESULTS: The CM pattern evolvement of participants in the long-term closed environment followed some common trends. Qi deficiency was the main CM pattern observed, with individual features depending on constitutional differences [manifested in varying degrees of accompanying patterns of Gan (Liver) qi stagnation, Pi (Spleen) deficiency, dampness encumbering, or yin deficiency]. CONCLUSION The research has verified the effectiveness of CM syndrome differentiation based on the four diagnostic methods, which should serve as a solid foundation for observation, monitoring, and intervention in regard to the health conditions of astronauts in long-term space flights in the future.