Aim To study the subtypes distribution of G-proteins and modulation by carbachol and pilocarpine on gene expression in endothelial cells.Methods The rat aorta endothelial cells were cultivated and incubated with carbachol and pilocarpine at the dose of 10~(-4) mol?L~(-1)for 6 h.Then the total RNA was extracted.The mRNA levels of G-protein ? subunits was measured by RT-PCR.Results Gq/11,Gs and Gi mRNA was detected in rat aorta endothelial cells,while G12/13 mRNA was not detected.Carbachol and pilocarpine treatment induced no changes in Gs,Gi and G11 mRNA.Gq mRNA was 72.7% up-regulated by carbachol and unchanged by pilocarpine.Conclusion In all G-protein ? subunits,only Gq mRNA was changed after activation of non-neuronal muscarinic receptor by carbachol.We can conclude that Gq-protein may play an important role in signal transduction of nonneuronal muscarinic receptor.

Objective To understand the current status of overall management and treatment of garbage and waste water in rural areas of Fujian,and to provide scientific evidence for governments at all levels to make policies in rural sanitation. Methods From September to December,2006,215 villages in 21 counties in Fujian rural areas were selected,and 10 families were sampled and investigated for garbage collection and waste water treatment from each village. Results In the investigated villages,the production of garbage amounted to 40 837.4 tons per month;and domestic and productive garbage accounted for 32.2% and 67.8% of the total,respectively. Among the domestic garbage,23.7% was randomly discharged or stacked,and only 8.5% went through harmless treatment (incineration,composting under high temperature or direct reuse). However,30.7% productive garbage was randomly discharged or stacked,and 37.1% went through harmless treatment. Every month,948 195 tons of waste water was produced in the investigated villages;57.5% of them were domestic and 42.5% were productive. Only 0.6% of the domestic waste water and 33.0% of the productive waste water were treated. Conclusion The rural public health infrastructure building is far lagged,with low rate of harmless treatment of garbage and waste water. Random littering and piling (discharging) garbage are common phenomena in rural areas. Thus,it is urgent to improve rural sanitation development.

How the hosts recognize and clear invading viruses is one of the key issues in molecular immunology. Previous studies uncovered that many early antiviral proteins, such as Type Ⅰ interferons and PKR, are strongly induced upon virus infection. These proteins not only limit virus replication and spread or cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis, but also induce consequently expression of cytokines and chemokines to initiate acquired immunity. However, the immediate-early signaling events among host and virus interaction were largely unknown. In the past few years, there are great breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field. TLR3 and RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathways were shown to play a crucial regulatory role in antiviral processes. These pathways are essential for the vertebrate immune system to recognize and clear RNA virus with different strategies, which are integral parts of innate immune response and directly affect later-stage acquired immunity. The recent know-how on TLR3 and RIG-I/MDA5 signal transduction pathways and their roles in antiviral immunity were summarized.

As hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis have chronic progressive process,the assessment of fibrosis is of great significance for making appropriate treatment.It is divided into two categories,which includes invasive and noninvasive assessing methods.As a noninvasive method,magnetic resonance shows prospect in many aspects.This article is a review of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; Birth Weight ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; complications ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To explore the characteristics of prospective memory impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at the early and middle stage. Methods Fifteen PD patients at the early and middle stage and 15 normal controls matched with age, sex, education and occupation were asked to complete event-based prospective memory (EBPM) and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) tasks. Results In the EBPM task (points), there was a significant difference between PD patients (3.93±2.69) and normal controls (6.00±2.17, t =-2.318,P <0.05). In the TBPM task(points), there was no significant difference between PD patients (3.47±1.96) and normal controls (3.80±1.70, t= -0.498, P >0.05). Conclusion The EBPM is impaired and the TBPM is relatively spared in early and middle stage PD patients.

BACKGROUND:Traditional open surgical transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion often needs a broader dissection of the paraspinal soft tissue and longer stretch time of soft tissue, induces greater surgical trauma and more blood loss. Minimal y invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) may reduce or avoid these shortcomings. However, MIS-TLIF technique needs a process of learning curve. Correctly understanding the MIS-TLIF technique and dealing with their associated complications, have an important clinical significance. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the MIS-TLIF complications for treatment of lumbar disease, and explore the prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS:Between May 2008 and May 2012, 100 patients with lumbar disease were treated using MIS-TLIF. Al of patients had typical low back pain combined with leg pain, and were ineffective by conservative treatment for 6 months. There were lumbar spinal stenosis syndrome in 42 cases, lumbar spondylolisthesis in 31 cases, and lumbar disc herniation with lateral recess stenosis in 27 cases. The operative levels included L 3/4 in 2 patients, L 4/5 in 28 patients, L 5/S 1 in 50 patients, L 3-L 5 in 2 patients, and L 4-S 1 in 18 patients. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:One patient appeared extradural hemorrhage 1 000 mL and was given blood transfusion, no complications were found. Pedicle screw malposition was found in 11 pedicle screws (11/435, 2.5%). Only one patient had new L 5 radicular pain due to impingement by the tip of a bicortical S 1 screw upon the lumbosacral trunk anterior to the sacrum. This screw was re-positioned at a subsequent procedure, with resolution of the radicular pain. Interbody cage malposition was found in 2 patients with 2 cages (2/120, 1.7%) after operations, they showed no clinical symptoms and were not treated. One patient with one cage (1/120, 0.8%) appeared cage displacement during fol ow-up, which required twice revision surgeries, one is cage re-position and the other is posterior interbody fusion. Within one month after operations, two patients had poor visualization in the right pulmonary arteriography, which was diagnosed as pulmonary embolism and was treated with thrombectomy and thrombolysis. No death and other consequence were found. Experimental findings indicate hat, MIS-TLIF is a safe, reliable and effective surgery for treating lumbar diseases, with few complications.

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical and radiological findings in 56 patients with multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis in pre-and post-surgical treatment. [Method]From 1998 and 2002,56 patients suffering from multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis were included in a retrospective clinical study.Plain radiographs,MRI and/or CT myelograms were obtained preoperatively.The patients were assessed clinically with Oswestry disability index(ODI),visual analog scale(VAS) and the Beaujon functional score.Surgical procedure included wide posterior decompression and fusion using a transpedicular instrumentation system and bone grafts. [Result]After a mean follow-up of 2.2(2~2.6) years,the patients' clinical improvement by ODI,VAS was statistically significant and the Beaujon score was significantly improved(P

Objective To observe the effect of Compound Fuling Gancao Decoction(CFGD) on transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) in pulmonary artery of rats with pulmonary hypertension(PH),and to explore its therapeutic mechanism for PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomized into the normal control group,model group,and CFGD(5.46g?kg-1?d-1) group.PH rats models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline(50mg/kg).The mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP) in rats was detected with the method of right cardiac catheterization,right ventricular hypertrophy index was calculated,histological changes of lung small artery were analyzed with pathological image analysis,and TGF-?1 expression in pulmonary artery was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results MPAP and right ventricular hypertrophy index were enhanced obviously,the number of muscular arteries and partially-muscular arteries was increased,ratio of media area and luminal thickness in the muscular arteries became bigger,and TGF-?1 expression in pulmonary artery of the model group was increased.The above indexes were improved in CFGD group.Conclusion CFGD is effective on decreasing pulmonary pressure and improving pulmonary vascular remodeling,and its mechanism is probably related with the inhibition of TGF-?1 expression in pulmonary artery.

The formation of macrophage-derived foam cells is a typical feature of atherosclerosis (AS). Reverse cholesterol efflux (RCT) is one of important factors for the formation of macrophage foam cells. In this study, macrophage form cells were induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and then treated with different concentrations of ferulic acid, so as to observe the effect of ferulic acid on the intracellular lipid metabolism in the ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation, the cholesterol efflux and the mRNA expression and protein levels of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) that mediate cholesterol efflux, and discuss the potential mechanism of ferulic acid in resisting AS. According to the findings, compared with the control group, the ox-LDL-treated group showed significant increase in intracellular lipid content, especially for the cholesterol content; whereas the intracellular lipid accumulation markedly decreased, after the treatment with ferulic acid. The data also demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1 significantly increased after macrophage foam cells were treated with different concentrations of ferulic acid. In summary, ferulic acid may show the anti-atherosclerosis effect by increasing the surface ABCA1 and ABCG1 expressions of macrophage form cells and promoting cholesterol efflux.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; analysis ; genetics ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; analysis ; genetics ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Coumaric Acids ; pharmacology ; Foam Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Mice