How the hosts recognize and clear invading viruses is one of the key issues in molecular immunology. Previous studies uncovered that many early antiviral proteins, such as Type Ⅰ interferons and PKR, are strongly induced upon virus infection. These proteins not only limit virus replication and spread or cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis, but also induce consequently expression of cytokines and chemokines to initiate acquired immunity. However, the immediate-early signaling events among host and virus interaction were largely unknown. In the past few years, there are great breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field. TLR3 and RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathways were shown to play a crucial regulatory role in antiviral processes. These pathways are essential for the vertebrate immune system to recognize and clear RNA virus with different strategies, which are integral parts of innate immune response and directly affect later-stage acquired immunity. The recent know-how on TLR3 and RIG-I/MDA5 signal transduction pathways and their roles in antiviral immunity were summarized.

Locking compression plate(LCP)functions as an internal fixator in orthopedic surgery.It is a new screw-plate system developed by combining the traditional plating techniques with the principles of AO internal fixator.Compared with them,LCP omits pre-bending,avoids large-area exposure of fracture site,minimizes the damage to soft tissue,significantly reduces implant failure and decreases the incidence of infection and bone non-union.In addition,LCP can function as internal fixator with multiple anchor points to improve stability.All these properties of LCP accord with BO internal fixation principles and expand the application in the treatment of complex fracture.However,it is still not uncertain about the appropriate application of LCP including plate length,appearance,and type,and principles of screw application such as the number,type,sequence and position of screws.

Objective:To investigate therapeutic effect and toxici ti es of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) with Carboplatin(CBP) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)by chronomodul ated administration. Methods:73 patients with T3 and T4 OSCC, ad mitted from March 2002 to April 2004, were randomly divided into two groups,37 c ases were in chrono-chemotherapy group (groupⅠ) and 36 cases in routine-chemo therapy group (group Ⅱ). Therapeutic effects and side effects between tw o groups were compared.Results:After two NACT courses, the effec tive rate in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ was 75.68% and 52.78%respectively (P

From teaching design principle, the article has discussed the key element of the process of hygiene examination teaching designs, and has brought forward three kinds of rational science design process patterns.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD44V6 in thyroid neoplasms and its significance. Methods The expression of CD44V6 in paraffin-embeded thyoid carcinoma tissue from 100 patients (50 with lymph node metastasis,50 without) and 20 patients with thyroid adenoma was measured by immunohistochemistry staining. Results Positive expression of CD44V6 in the group of thyoid carcinoma was 72%, significantly higher than the group of thyroid adenoma.Positive expression of CD44V6 in the group of thyoid carcinoma with lymph node involvement was 90%,significantly higher than the group of thyoid carcinoma without lymph node involvement.In patients with different pathological grade,different clinical stage and different survival time, the positive expression of CD44V6 was significantly different. Conclusions The results suggest that CD44V6 can be regarded as an valuable molecular markers to distinguish benign thyroid tumor from malignant tumor, to predict lymph node metastasis and prognosis.

Objective Evaluating the main risk factors of thyroid cancer systematicaly,to provide reference for the further development of thyroid cancer prevention strategies.Methods Such databases as PubMed,Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and WanFang were searched from the date of their establishment to June 10 2016 to collect the case-control studies on thyroid cancer.After study selection,assessment and data extraction was conducted by two reviewers independently,meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.1 software.Results Nineteen studies involving 4 813 thyroid cancer patients and 6 068 comparions were selected.The results of metaanalysis showed that:the risk factors of thyroid cancer mainly included history of benign thyroid disease [odds ratio (OR) =7.31,95％ confidence interval (95％CI,4.37,12.23)],family history of thyroid cancer [OR =5.13,95％CI (3.20,8.23)],high iodine diet [(marine animal food,OR =4.15,95％CI (2.47,6.99)],CT inspection history [OR =3.99,95％CI (2.10,7.60)],Negative emotions [sulking,OR =3.31,95％CI (2.23,4.91)],BMI greater than 25 [OR =2.62,95％CI (1.73,3.97)],high pressure and anxious [OR =2.60,95％CI (1.61,4.21)],getting along with people not harmoniously [OR =2.46,95％CI (1.59,3.81)],the number of pregnancies of women more than three times [OR =2.03,95％CI (1.50,2.76)],age of menarche less than 13,14 years old [OR =1.59,95％CI (1.06,2.37)].Conclusions Thyroid benign disease history,family history of thyroid cancer,high iodine diet,CT examination,BMI greater than 25,bad mood,social interaction,number of pregnancies and other factors are the independent risk factors for thyroid cancer.Corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken according to these risk factors.

Objective To screen the presciption of Blumea gynecological lotion and investigate the inhibitory effect through inhibition rate test; To provide a basis for clinical application. Methods Consumption of Tween-80, SLES, hydrogenated castor oil (RH-40), and clarity of the solution were selected as the evaluation indexes to optimize the solubilizing agents. By using the filter paper method and the inhibition zone size as the evaluation index, the antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was studied to screen the best antibacterial agent from 2 g/L GM-BP, 2 mL/L PHMB, 2 mL/L A.SAP. With Blumeapowder dissolution percentage as the evaluation index, orthogonal test was used to screen additives in the lotion. Finally, the bacteriostasis effect and stability of the obtained lotion were investigated in vitro. Results The order of solubilizing effect was RH-40>SLES>Tween-80, and that of inhibition zone size was PHMB>A.SAP>GM-BP. The best prescription as follows:0.6 mg/mL Blumea powder, 0.04 g/mL SLES, 0.01 g/mL CAB-35, 10% propylene glycol. Bacteriostatic rates of Blumea gynecology lotion sample were more than 90%, and bacteriostatic rates remained more than 80% after 3 months. Conclusion The prescription of Blumea gynecology lotion is reasonable and practicable, with simple preparation process, available materials and good inhibitory effect and stability.

OBJECTIVETo determine the regulatory effects of the circadian clock gene Per1 on cell cycle-related genes and its influence on the proliferation, apoptosis, cycle, and tumorigenicity in vivo of human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells.

METHODSThree groups of the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of lentivirus recombinant plasmids were designed against the RNA of Per1 and then transfected to the SCC15 cells. The optimum interference group was screened through Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and assigned as the experimental group. The transfected lentivirus plasmid without an interference effect on any gene was set as the control group (Control-shRNA). Untreated SCC15 cells were set as the blank group. The mRNA expressions of cell cycle-related genes, namely, Per1, p53, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p16, p21, Wee1, cdc25, E2F, and Rbl1 in each group were detected through qRT-PCR. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution in each group were evaluated through flow cytometry. The cells of the experimental group and the blank group were subcutaneously inoculated in nude mice to observe tumorigenesis.

RESULTSThree groups of Per1-shRNA lentivirus plasmids were constructed successfully. Among the groups, the Per1-shRNA- I group exhibited the highest interference effect, as indicated by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. As such, this group was set as the experimental group. The mRNA expression levels of CyclinD1, CyclinE, CyclinB1, CDK1, and Wee1 gene in the Per1-shRNA-I group were significantly higher than those in the Control-shRNA group and the SCC15 group (P < 0.05). By contrast, the mRNA expression levels of p53, Cyclin A2, p16, p21, and cdc25 in the Per1-shRNA-I group were significantly lower than those in the Control-shRNA group and the SCC15 group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of each gene between the Control-sLRNA group and the SCC15 group did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, E2F, and Rb1 did not significantly differed in the three groups (P > 0.05). The proliferation index of the Perl-shRNA-I group was significantly higher than those of the Control-shRNA group and the SCC15 group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis index of the Per1-shRNA-I group was significantly lower than those of the Control-shRNA group and the SCC15 group (P < 0.05). The number of S-phase cells in the Per1-shRNA-I group was significantly lower than those of S-phase cells in the Control-shRNA group and the SCC15 group (P < 0.05). The number of G2/M-phase cells in the Per1-shRNA-I group was significantly higher than those of G2/M-phase cells in the Control-shRNA group and the SCC15 group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the proliferation index, apoptotic index, and cell cycle distribution of the cells in the Control-shRNA group did not significantly differ from those of the SCC15 group (P > 0.05). The tumorigenic ability in vivo was significantly enhanced in the Per1-shRNA-I group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPer1 is an important tumor suppressor gene. Per1 can regulate a large number of downstream cell cycle-related genes. The alteration of its expression can affect cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis imbalance, and tumorigenic ability in vivo. Further studies on Per1 may elucidate cancer development and provide novel effective molecular targets for cancer treatment.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Circadian Clocks ; genetics ; Cyclin D1 ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Period Circadian Proteins ; genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

Pathological types of gastric cancer in stage Ⅲ C include T4a-SEN3,T4b-SIN2,T4b-SIN3.Celiac artery metastatic lymphadenopathy fused into blocks,usually from bottom to top.Limited operation space revealed anatomical and pathological factors,the dissection of the celiac artery lymph nodes,processing the left gastric artery root difficulty.Application of novel celiac artery lymph nodes dissection path,avoiding the limitation of the celiac artery lymph node dissection space exposure factors,so that the dissection of the celiac artery lymph nodes is more complete,processing the left gastric artery root easily,reduce the amount of bleeding,shorten operation time,increase the average lymph node dissection and the Ⅲ C gastric cancer resection rate.

Objective To observe the effect of polyethylene terephthalates (PET) coated with 58S bioactive glass on graft-bone healing.Methods The PET coated with 58S bioactive glass was used in experimental group,and uncoated PET was used as a control.The coating solution was made of 20％ bioactive glass powder and 80％ gelatin powder (by weight).In our vitro study,4×104/ml MT3T3-E1 cells were cultured in 24-well plates with the coated or uncoated PET,and the MTT and ALP were tested at 1,3,5 days to show the proliferation and the activity of the cells.The SEM and the X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were adopted to analyze the surface characteristics of the fiber.In our vivo study,24 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,the 58S-PET group and the PET group.Both groups underwent a surgical procedure to establish a tibia-articular tendon-bone healing model.Mechanical examination and histological assay were taken to verify the coating effect in vivo.Results The 58S-PET group showed significantly differences in both the MTT and ALP tests at each time point (3,5 days) compared with the PET group.In the animal experiments,the maximum load increased by time in both groups.At 6 weeks,the load-to-failure was significantly higher in the 58S-PET group [(61.70±6.95) N]than that of the PET group [(45.21±9.78) N].At 12 weeks,the load-to-failure was also significantly higher in the 58S-PET group [(89.25±9.50) N]than that of the PET group [(71.38±6.26) N].In the histological assay,it was found that there was new bone formation in the indistinct interface between the graft and the host bone in both groups at 6,12 weeks,and a stronger binding was seen in the 58S-PET group than in the PET group.Conclusion The 58S-PET could enhance the proliferation and activity of the osteoblast and therefore promote the new bone formation and subsequently leads to a positive effect on tendon-bone healing.