Four primers against the genes encoding(cpa,cpb,etx,and iA) four major toxins(?,?,?,?) of Cl. perfringens were designed and the colony multiplex PCR of identification and genotyping of Cl. perfringens strains were developed. Cl. perfringens reference strains stored in china institute of veterinary drug control including A,B,C,D and E genotyping were genotyped using the colony muitiplex PCR assay. The expected sequences were obtained successfully by the colony multiplex PCR assay. But the sequences were not obtained from Cl. novyi,Cl. septicum and Cl. tetani. The expected sequences were obtained from Cl. perfringens individual colony diluted to 100 times with 0.85% saline solution.13 Cl. perfringens strains isolated from diferent animals were genotyped using the colony multiplex PCR assay,and the results were comparaed with the results of toxins neutranization test in mice. The two assays showed good accordance. These results showed that the development of the colony multiplex PCR is very important for early and fast identification and genotyping of Cl. perfringens in china.

BACKGROUND:Matrix protein is an essential component of the vascular wal , provides a necessary frame for the integrity of the vessel wal and physiological function of vascular wal cel s, and regulates cel s and smooth muscle. OBJECTIVE:To construct rat model of early aneurysm, and to evaluate differences in the expression of matrix structural proteins during cerebral aneurysm formation. METHODS:Twenty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group (n=8) and model group (n=20). Aneurysm model was established by ligation of the left common carotid artery and right renal artery-induced hypertension in the model group. In the control group, only the left carotid artery bifurcation and bilateral carotid were exposed in rats. Rats in the model group were sacrificed at 15 and 30 days after model establishment. Right anterior cerebral artery in rats and olfactory artery bifurcation received immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of fibronectin,α-smooth muscle actin and col agen III were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, no significant difference in fibronectin expression was detected in right anterior cerebral artery and olfactory artery bifurcation in rats of the model group at 30 days after model establishment (P>0.05). However,α-smooth muscle actin and col agen III expressions were significantly reduced (P<0.05). These data confirmed that expression of structural proteins had differences and dynamic changes during early aneurysm formation in rats. Degradation of matrix structural protein in cerebral artery may be one of the key mechanism of aneurysm formation.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical effects of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for treatment of patients with Lisfranc injury combined the second metatarsal base comminuted fracture.

METHODSFrom March 2007 to June 2012, 7 patients with Lisfranc injury combined the second metatarsal base comminuted fracture were treated including 5 males and 2 female aged from 22 to 51 years old (means 42 years), 4 of sprain and 3 of traffic injury. According Myerson classification, there was 1 case of type A, 3 of type B and 3 of type C. Kirschner wire was used to fix Lisfranc ligament placing from the medial cuneiform bone to the second metatarsal base during the operation. After the operation American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) criteria system were applied to evaluate the foot and ankle function. Preoperative and postoperative AP, lateral and oblique X-ray and CT scan were collected for radiographic evaluation.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 20 months (16.8 months in average). According to AOFAS criteria system, 3 cases were excellent result,3 good, 1 fair. All the wounds were primary healing without skin necrosis, infection, Kirschner loose,broken, or other complications.

CONCLUSIONKirschner wire had good clinical efficacy for fixing Lisfranc ligament injury with the second metatarsal base comminuted fracture, and could avoid arthrodesis.

Adult ; Bone Wires ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tarsal Joints ; injuries ; surgery ; Wound Healing

Objective To study the feasibility and clinical values of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)in the spinal cord at 3.0 T MR.Methods Forty patients with spinal cord compression including cervical cord herniation and cervical spondylosis(30 cases),tumors in spinal canal(9 cases)and old injury in cervical vertebrae(1 cases)and 20 healthy volunteers participated in this study.Single-shot spin- echo echo-planar diffusion tensor sequence for tractography of the spinal cord was performed.The fibers of spinal cord were visualized by using fiber tracking software.Results On the DTT maps,the normal spinal cord was depicted as a fiber tract showing color-encoded cephaloeaudally,which indicated anisotropy in the cephalocaudal direction.By setting two ROI,the main spinal cord fiber tracts,such as corticospinal or spinothalamic tract,were visualized.The tracts from two sides of the brain did not completely cross.It was asymmetric in the number of tracts on the two sides in most normal subjects(8/10).The tracts of all patients with cord compression were seen oppressed or damaged in different degrees.The DrrT in patients with cervical spondylosis and extramedullary-intradural neurolemmoma demonstrated that tracts were oppressed but not damaged.The DTT in one ependymoma showed that tract was markedly compressed and slightly damaged.Conclusion DTT is a promising tool for demonstrating the spinal cord tracts and abnormalities,can provide useful information for the localization of compression and evaluation of the impairment extent on the white matter tracts of the spinal cord.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible correlations between clinical and experimental pathological changes of congenital clubfoot and the pathodynamic developmental procedure.

METHODSEighty-three female Wistar rats were administered with retinoic acid on the 10th day after pregnancy. And from February 2001 to February 2004, 48 patients were analyzed with electropysiological examination.

RESULTSThere was clubfoot-like deformity in 53.7% of the experimental fetuses. Persistence of the embryonic position of the talus and tibia in fetuses was observed. Poor overlapping between talus and calcaneus was seen. Cell apoptosis at the anterior corner of spinal cord were seen. Of all the patients, 68.3% were abnormal with electropysiological examination. The pathological sites were frequently localized in lumbarsacral region.

CONCLUSIONCongenital clubfoot is correlated closely with defects of neural tube and spinal cord.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clubfoot ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDTyrosine kinase signaling cascades play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Sunitinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to exert potent immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects. We investigated whether sunitinib could suppress the progression of airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma.

METHODSOvalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were chronically challenged with aerosolized OVA for 8 weeks. Some mice were intragastrically administered with sunitinib (40 mg/kg) daily during the period of OVA challenge. Twelve hours after the last OVA challenge, mice were evaluated for the development of airway inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling. The levels of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Th2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. The expression of phosphorylated c-kit protein in the lungs was detected by immunoprecipitation/Western blotting (IP/WB) analysis.

RESULTSSunitinib significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation, persistent AHR and airway remodeling in chronic experimental asthma. It reduced levels of total serum IgE and BALF Th2 cytokines and also lowered the expression of phosphorylated c-kit protein in remodelled airways.

CONCLUSIONSSunitinib may inhibit the development of airway inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling. It is potentially beneficial to the prevention or treatment of asthma.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Female ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoprecipitation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Interleukin-13 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Pyrroles ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of shoulder injuries by training,and provide scientific evidence for effective intervention measures.Methods Through cluster random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 080 trainers to analyze the occurrence of shoulder injury by training,the training courses lead to shoulder injuries and classification of shoulder injuries by training.The psychological status,shoulder symptoms,protective measures and other factors were compared between the injured group and the normal group to explore the influencing factors of injuries.Results Of 1 080 trainers,the incidence of shoulder injuries was 18.52％.The training course where injured were currently creeping forward (34.96％),push-ups (13.82％) and pull-ups (13.41％).The main types of injuries were soft tissue injuries(92.27％).The difference was statistically significant between two groups in the aspects of the mental state,shoulder protection measures and the presence of symptoms (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The shoulder injuries of training personnel were mainly caused by soft tissue injuries.Long time training,short time for rest,lack of control or confidence were the major risk factors.Shoulder symptoms during training and inadequate application of protective measures may lead to the incidence of training injuries increasing.

Objective To explore the efficacy of standard carotid endarterectomy (sCEA) with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty on formation of carotid. Methods The data of 47 patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis, admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to October 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Unilateral sCEA with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty was performed in 25 patients (diameter of internal carotid＜5 mm) and sCEA alone in 22. Preoperative and postoperative complications and the efficacy were summarized. Results No perioperative stroke/death was noted;but transient ischemic attack appeared in 1 patient and the symptom was relieved after treatment. Two years of follow-up was performed; no patients in the sCEA with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty group was found to have carotid arterial restenosis, while 2 was noted in the sCEA group. Conclusion The sCEA with Hema carotid dacron patch angioplasty is an effective method in preventing the carotid arterial restenosis in patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis that enjoy their conventional diameter of internal carotid＜5 mm.

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of neutrophil?to?lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODSA cohort of 404 non?diabetic patients diagnosed with stable COPD between January, 2010 and December, 2012 at Zhujiang Hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 years, during which fast blood glucose (FBG) was monitored every 6 months. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of T2DM, and the cumulative incidence of T2DM in this cohort was calculated. The patients who developed T2DM and those without T2DM at the end of the follow?up were compared for clinical parameters to identify the potential predictors for T2DM in patients with stable COPD.

RESULTSAfter follow?up for a mean of 2.1 years, 41 (10.1%) patients with COPD developed T2DM, who showed significantly higher baseline NLR levels than those without T2DM (P<0.001). The receiver?operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the optimum cut?off value for NLR was 5.626. Spearman rank correlation analysis suggested that the incidence of T2DM in the patients was positively correlated with the number of hospital admissions for acute exacerbation of COPD in the past year (r=0.136, P=0.006), hypertension (r=0.151, P=0.002) and NLR (r=0.340, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified triglyceride (TG) (P=0.047) and NLR (P<0.001) as the independent risk factors for T2DM in patients with COPD.

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of T2DM in COPD patients is closely related to NLR level, which may serve as an early predictor for T2DM in these patients.

Objective To analyse the relationship between Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum ofrat's spleen tissue and postmortem interval （PMI） for PMI estimation using FTIR spectroscopy combinedwith data mining method. Methods Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the cadavers were placed at 20 ℃. The FTIR spectrum data of rats' spleen tissues were taken and measured at different time points. After pretreatment, the data was analysed by data mining method. Results The absorption peak intensity of rat's spleen tissue spectrum changed with the PMI, while the absorption peak position was unchanged. The results of principal component analysis （PCA） showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96%. There was an obvious clustering tendency for the spectrum sample at each time point. The methods of partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS- DA） and support vector machine classification （SVMC） effectively divided the spectrum samples with different PMI into four categories （0-24 h, 48-72 h, 96-120 h and 144-168 h）. The determination coefficient （R2） of the PMI estimation model established by PLS regression analysis was 0.96, and the root mean square error of calibration （RMSEC） and root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECV） were 9.90 h and 11.39 h respectively. In prediction set, the R2 was 0.97, and the root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） was 10.49 h. Conclusion The FTIR spectrum of the rat's spleen tissue can be effectively analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and data mining method, and the classification and PLS regression models can be established for PMI estimation.