Objective To determine the length of warm ischemic (WI) tolerance in bronchial graft from non-heart-beating donors. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (each group having 12 rats) according to different WI durations including WI-0 min (group A), WI-30 min (group B), WI-45 min (group C) and WI-60 min (group D). In each group, the tracheae from 6 rats were respectively imbedded in greater omentum of other 6 rats, and 14 days later, the transplanted tracheae were taken from recipients to evaluate epithelial thickness and regeneration. Results Epithelial thickness and the degree of epithelial regeneration had no significant difference (P >0. 05) between the syngeneic control group and the WI-30 minutes group. All of the grafts with WI duration of 45 min were viable, but the epithelium was significantly thinner than that in the syngeneic control group (P<0. 05). However all of the grafts with WI duration of 60 min showed lower viability rate. Conclusion The time limits of tolerance to WI of tracheal grafts from NHBDs may be 45 min.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

Objective To explore public emergency medical rescue resources'satisfaction of demand,influencing factors and multi-subject enabling countermeasures under the flood disaster.Methods A total of 651 valid question-naires were collected from victims in four towns in one city.Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the in-fluencing factors.Results 80.49％of the respondents considered that their and their families'emergency medical res-cue resources'demand could be met during the flood.The results of logistic regression analysis showed influencing factors of low satisfaction including there were the elderly aged 65 and above in the family,and patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in the family and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);Influencing factors of high satisfaction including adequate preparation of familial emergency supplies,the grassroots government publicized the disaster prevention and self-help knowledge before the disaster,the grass-roots government had prepared emergency medical rescue resources,such as food,water and relief materials be-fore the disaster,the adequacy of emergency medical rescue resources of local hospital,and medical staff pro-moted psychological knowledge and skill and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The store of emergency resource should be strengthened in all aspects,including medical institutions,the grass-roots governments and the public in the community,and emergency preparedness and publicity work should be promoted in a coordinated manner,so as to build a resilient community and society for disaster response.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of purine nucleotide on the expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotrophic hormone (LH) and the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of heroin-addicted and -withdrawal rats.

METHODSNinety-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (ip saline for 14 d), a nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP for 10 d), a heroin group (ip heroin for 10 d), a heroin + nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP + heroin for 10 d), a 3 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 14 d), a 9 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 20 d), a 3 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 3 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 14 d), and a 9 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 9 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 20 d). Changes in the mRNA expressions of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland of the rats were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and alterations in the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells were observed under the microscope.

RESULTSThe expression of FSH mRNA was significantly increased in the nucleotide, heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.099 +/- 0.018, 0.177 +/- 0.046, 0.151 +/- 0.030 and 0.184 +/- 0.028) as compared with the control group (0.045 +/- 0.009) (P < 0.01); and so was that of LH mRNA in the heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.950 +/- 0.169, 0.990 +/- 0.171 and 0.960 +/- 0.147) in comparison with the control group (0.700 +/- 0.099) (P < 0.01). In the heroin group, the nuclei of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells exhibited morphological abnormality, unclear membrane, slightly pyknotic matrix, marginal and agglutinated heterochromatin, dilated rough endoplasmic reticula, swollen mitochondria, broken and vacuolated cristae in the cytoplasm, obviously decreased number of secretory granules, and myelin bodies in some cells. However, the heroin + nucleotide group showed no significant changes in the ultrastructures of somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONShort-term use of heroin does not obviously affect the expressions of FSH and LH mRNA in the pituitary gland of rats, while heroin + nucleotide, or nucleotide following heroin withdrawal can enhance their expressions significantly. Heroin damages the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of male rats, and purine nucleotide can diminish or inhibit this damage.

Animals ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Heroin ; adverse effects ; Heroin Dependence ; genetics ; metabolism ; Luteinizing Hormone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Purine Nucleotides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; genetics ; metabolism