Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; Pseudolymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects of a training program based on virtual reality on static and dynamic balance perfor-mance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods From June, 2014 to June, 2016, 46 patients with PD were randomly divided into control group (n=23) and experimental group (n=23). The control group received routine balance training, while the experimental group re-ceived balance training of virtual reality, for six weeks. They were assessed with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part 3 (UP-DRS3), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), TimedUp and GoTest (TUGT) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) before and after training. The envelope area, anteroposterior standard deviation (AP-SD), mediolateral standard deviation (ML-SD) of centre of pressure (COP) were also measured with posturography. Results The scores of BBS, TUGT and HAMD improved in both groups after training (t>2.657, P<0.05), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (t>2.426, P<0.05). The score of UPDRS3 and the parameters of pos-turography improved in the experimental group (t>2.626, P<0.05), and improved more than that in the control group (t>2.112, P<0.05). Con-clusion Virtual reality rehabilitation is more effective than routine balance training on the static and dynamic balance function in patients with PD, and may release their depression.

Objective To measure the expressions of IL-10, IL-23 and CD86 in lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), and to explore the relationship between cellular immune abnormality and EV pathogenesis. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expressions of IL-10, IL-23 and CD86 in tissue samples from 10 patients with EV and 10 normal human controls. Results Three cytokines were observed in all the samples of EV, with the expression score ranging from 3 to 6 and expression intensity from moderate to high. However, of the control specimens, only 1 was positive for IL-10 with the expression score being 3, and expression intensity being moderate. Conclusion The pathogenesis of epidermodysplasia verruciformis may be correlated with the expression abnormality of some cytokines secreted by keratinocytes.

italic>Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. is a medicinal species belonging to the Orchidaceae, whose whole plant can be used as a medicinal herb, known as "JinXianLian". It has antidiabetic, liver-protecting, anti-inflammatory, etc. A. roxburghii has long been used as food and medicine in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. With the wide recognition of the concept of "medicine and food homology" and the surge of market demand, wild A. roxburghii has been far from meeting the supply. It is important to establish an artificial propagation system. Resource characteristics are the key basis for optimizing germplasm and propagation systems. Therefore, this paper summarizes the germplasm resource characteristics and propagation technologies of A. roxburghii in China to provide a reference for sustainable development and subsequent mechanistic research.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of arecoline on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats and to elucidate its possible mechanism.

METHODSForty five Wistar rats were fed with high fructose diet for 12 weeks to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control group, model group and model group were treated with different dose (0, 0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg) of arecoline. After 4 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and insulin level measured , mRNA expression of liver constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expression of p-AKT and glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats. 1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR, PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONArecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression.

Animals ; Arecoline ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

A systematic review was undertaken, including studies that evaluated the incidence of the blood system adverse events of Tripterygium wilfordii (TWP). Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant studies, including RCT, cohort studies and case series, of patients treated with TWP published in English and Chinese from inception up until May 25th, 2013 with the keywords including "Tripterygium wilfordii", "toxicity", "reproductive", "side effect", "adverse", "safety" and "tolerability". Relevant information was extracted and the incidence of the blood system adverse events was pooled with MetaAnalyst software. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and disease system. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 49 articles were included in the meta-analysis, they were split into 54 researches incorporated in the analysis. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies, so data was analyzed using random-effects model and the summary estimates of incidence of the blood system adverse events was 6.1%. The weighted combined incidence of three major blood system adverse events were white-blood cells decreasing 5.6% (95% CI, 4.3% - 7.3%), hemoglobin decreasing 1.7% (95% CI, 0.5% - 5.0%) and platelet decreasing 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0% - 3.1%), respectively . Sensitivity analyses based on 45 studies with high quality showed the combined value was close to the summary estimate of total 54 studies. The current evidence indicates that the incidence of the blood system adverse events induced by TWP was high; attentions should be paid on to the prevention and treatment of the blood system adverse events.
Blood Cells ; drug effects ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Tripterygium ; adverse effects

Objective:To summarize the drug interactions of haloperidol used in combination with the other drugs to provide refer-ence for safe, reasonable and effective use of haloperidol in clinics. Methods:By retrieving Micromedex? , Pubmed, CNKI and so on, the interactions between haloperidol and the other drugs were summarized and analyzed. Results:The effect of haloperidol was on do-pamine receptors, and haloperidol was mainly metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 ( CYP) enzymes. When haloperidol was com-bined with the other drugs, significant interactions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were induced by affecting CYP enzymes or dopamine receptor. Conclusion:In clinical practice, the other drugs combined with haloperidol should be reasonable and careful to ensure safe, effective and rational drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further promoting the implementation ofseparation of prescribing and dis-pensingpolicy which fit China's national conditions. METHODS:Based on literature review,informant interview,and filed in-vestigation the development ofseparation of prescribing and dispensingwere compared between typical eastern and western coun-tries. Constraints ofseparation of prescribing and dispensingin China were explored,international successful experiences were summarized to inspire appropriate implementation of this policy in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There are four con-straints in the implementation ofseparation of prescribing and dispensingin China. Firstly,the legal foundation is yet established for the professional development of pharmacists. Secondly,the medicine pricing and hospital financing systems are unreasonable. Thirdly,patients'ownership of prescriptions and right of dispensing options are monopolized by hospitals. Fourthly,safety of medi-cines use is yet ensured.Separation of prescribing and dispensingshould follow the rules of social and economic development and should be adjusted to adapt local conditions.Separation of prescribing and dispensingpolicy itself may not help to achieve the objectives of cost containment and rational use of medicines. To achieve the intended objectives,legislation of Pharmacist Law should also be accelerated to clearly define the role of pharmacist and guide the behavior of prescribers with economic levers.

Objective Attenuated strains of Shigella are attractive live vaccine candidates for eliciting mucosal immune responses which is a suitable carrier for the prophylactic human papillomaviruses (HPV) vaccine development, To examine the potential of a live Shigella based prophylactic HPV vaccine, HPV16L1should be expressed in attenuated shigella strain. Methods A Shigella large invasive plasmid (icsA/virG) based prokaryotic expression plasmid pHS3199 was constructed. HPV16L1 gene was inserted into plasmid pHS3199 to form pHS3199-HPV16 L1 construct, and pHS3199-hpv16L1 was electroporated into a live attenuated shigella strain sh42. The expression of HPV16L1 protein was demonstrated by Western blotting with monoclonal antibody to HPV16L1, The genetic stability of recombinant strain sh42-HPV16 L1 was monitored by consecutive passage culture. Invasive ability of sh42-HPV16L1 was evaluated by Hela cell infection assay. Results HPV16 L1 protein can be expressed in recombinant strain sh42-HPV16 L1, and the protein stably expressed over 140 generations. The invasive ability of sh42-HPV16L1 was diminished dramatically compared to its parent strain, but not abolished completely. Conclusion HPV16L1 protein was constitutively expressed in the attenuated strain of shigella flexneri sh42, and maintained partial invasive ability. Our strategy may represent a promising vaccine candidate against genital HPV16 infection.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and the microsurgical treatment of intramedullary hemangioblastoma in cervical spinal cord.Methods The signs of MRI,and the results of operations were analysed in 26 patients with the tumors.Rusults The tumors can be classified into two types:Solid type (14 cases)and cystic type(12 eases).All the tumors underwent total removal and were all hemangioblastoma confirmed by histopathologic examinations.Postoperatively,neurological status were improved in 17 patients, remained in 7 cases and worse in 2 cases.Conclusion For intrameduUary hemangioblastoma of cervical spinal cord MRI is of significant importance in the diagnosis of localization and the nature of the tumors which is conductive to selecting appropriate operative methods.There is high risk in operating at cervical section,but microsurgical total resection is the optimal method to stop the development of the clinical presentation.Opera- tive methods varied with the different typer of the tumor.It is the most important principal that dissection is performed along the correct interface and the tumor should be removed en bloc after it is devascularized.