Background Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus,and vitrectomy is a main treatment.Exploring the influential factors of blood glucose fluctuation during perioperative duration is helpful for surgery.Objective The aim of this study was to explore glycolic fluctuation and its influential factors in PDR patients.Methods A retrospective cases-observational study was carried out.The clinical data of 100 PDR patients who received vitrectomy in Peking University People's Hospital from March to August in 2013 were collected,including 8 cases with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 92 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The PDR patients were staged as Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ based on the criteria of The First National Fudus Conference.The body height,weight,history of hypertension,PDR stage,previous usage of insulin,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level,admission blood pressure,blood glucose level in different time points and postoperative body positions were recorded,and perioperative anxiety was scored according to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA).Repeated ANOVA was used to analyze blood glucose and anxiety at different time points.Results The linear regression analysis showed that the preoperative blood glucose level was lower in the patients who used insulin during perioperative period(r =-1.64,P＜0.05).HbA1 c level showed the positive correlations with the blood glucose level at different time points(all at P＜0.05).The waiting time for surgery had a positive correlation with the fasting blood glucose in the morning of operative day(r=0.54,P＜0.05),and the postoperative position primarily caused the raise of postoperative right blood glucose(r =1.10,P＜0.05).The anxiety score on admission presented with the positive correlations with the blood glucose levels at admission and 2 hours after breakfast,lunch and dinner on the first postoperative day (r=0.13,0.07,0.05,0.10,all at P ＜ 0.05),and the high anxiety scores at preoperation and postoperation induced the high blood glucose levels at the corresponding time points (r =0.14,0.16,both at P＜0.05).A positive correlation was found between the anxiety score and blood glucose fluctuation values (ρ=0.47,P＜0.01).The blood glucose values were significantly lower in the patients with normal HbA1c than those with high HbA1c (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Remaining an ideal HbA1c level,establishing a good doctor-patient relationship and administering appropriate sedative drugs can ease the anxiety and improve the glycolic of PDR patients during preoperative duration.

Abstract Gram-negative ( G-) bacteria, such as denitrifying bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, are highly social organisms capable of sophisticated cooperative behavior mediated via quorum sensing. As signal molecules of the chemical communication, N-acyl-homoserine lactones ( AHLs ) can mediate the quorum sensing of the functional microbial population and regulate the population density. To understand the growth of functional microbial population and the mechanism for biological nitrogen removal in upflow microaerobic sludge reactors ( UMSRs ) treating organic wastewater with low ratio of chemical oxygen demand to total nitrogen, a method was established to simultaneously detect AHLs in the microaerobic processes. Water-sludge mixtures sampled from the UMSRs were pretreated in sequence by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate, rotary evaporation, constant volume with methanol, separation by C18 column. Gradient elution was carried out using 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate ( containing 0 . 1% formic acid ) and methanol as mobile phases. On the base of multiple reaction monitoring analysis, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization was introduced to detect the target compounds. Nine kinds of AHLs were used to evaluate the established method and the results showed that the detection limits were 0 . 01-0 . 5 μg/L and all of the AHLs presented excellent linearity with the concentration ranging from 0 . 5 to 100 μg/L. The recovery and relative standard deviation ranged from 62. 5% to 118. 1% and 2. 9% to 12. 1%, respectively. The analysis could be finished within 6. 5 min. The rapid, accurate and precise method for detecting AHLs provided a new insight into the growth and metabolic activity of functional microbial population in the activated sludge processes to understand the mechanism of biological nitrogen removal, suggesting a good application in regulation and operation of wastewater biological treatment processes.

Objective To evaluate the influential factors of iron acquisition during Francisella tularensis LVS infection of mouse macrophages.Methods F.tularensis LVS expressing green fluorescent protein was used to infect murine macrophage J774A.1 cells.Transferrin receptor 1(Tfr1)was detected with mono-antibody and visualized with a goat-anti mouse IgG conjugated to Alexa 594.The expression profile of 5 iron metabolism related genes of J774A.1 murine macrophages uninfected or infected with F.tularensis LVS was determined with real-time PCR.Immunoblot analysis was used to compare the Tfr1 expression of live Francisella infected macrophage with dead bacteria.Tfr1 knock-off in J774A.1 cells was performed with siRNA.The transfected cells were infected with Francisella for immunoblotting and microscopy and infection assay.Results It was revealed that the live vaccine strain of F.tularensis induced the expression of Tfr1 in host macrophages.Gene expression analysis indicated that F.tularensis LVS drove an active iron acquisition program with induction of Tfr1 and iron regulatory proteins(Irp1 and Irp2).It was shown by Western-blotting that the siRNA-Tfrc-1 could knock off about 75% of Tfr1 in J774A.1 cells.It was determined by infection assay that,Tfr1 was knocked off,the bacteria number at 1h infection with Francisella was not different from that of control(F=1.06,P=0.326 5),while it was decreased significantly after 24h of infection(F=24.12,P=0.000 6).Conclusions It is demonstrated that upregulation of the Tfr1 may be mediated by post-transcriptional regulation during early infection,but sustained later through increased expression of Irp 1 and Irp 2.Increased expression of Tfr1 expands the intracellular iron pool through transferrin-mediated delivery and may thus be readily available for uptaking by Francisella.Knocking off the expression of Tfr1 does not affect bacterial invasion.Francisella,however,may fail to proliferate in macrophages in which the expression of transferrin receptor has been suppressed.

Objective To investigate the effects ofWenyujinessential oil on tau protein phosphorylation in mice with Alzheimer Disease (AD); To discuss the relevant mechanism of action.MethodsSixty Kunming mice were divided into six groups randomly: sham-operation group, model group,Wenyujin essential oil low- and high-dose group, donepezil group andShenzhiling group.β-Amyloid protein (Aβ25-35) was infused into the hippocampal of mice. Mice in each group were given relevant medicine for gavage for 15 d. After the last administration, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of tau protein phosphorylation points (Ser 404 and Thr 231). Western blot was used to detect tau protein phosphorylation points and the expression of PI3K/Akt protein. Results Compared with sham-operation group, tau protein phosphorylation points in the model group increased (P<0.05), but the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, tau protein phosphorylation (Thr231 and Ser404) inWenyujin essential oil high-dose group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt increased(P<0.01). ConclusionWenyujinessential oil can inhibit tau protein phosphorylation in mice. The possible mechanism may be related to the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

In February, 2019, a patient with a defect of open dorsal cartilage and bone in the first metatarsal head, including the defects of soft tissue, tendon and joint capsule, was treated in our department. After multiple debridement, the vascularised medial femoral condyle osteochondral chimeric tissue flap was transferred to repair the composite tissue defect in the metatarsal head at the second stage. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient felt no pain in the foot and walking, and there was no sign of lameness and discomfort at donor sites. The postoperative functional recovery was satisfactory.

The research aimed to evaluate the intestinal absorption of alkaloids extracted by decoction and alcohol extraction proces- ses from Rhizoma Coptidis-Rheum rhabarum herbal pair via everted gut sacs. Berberine, palmatine, coptisine and epiberberine were the main alkaloids in this herbal pair and taken as the standard indexes in the quantitative analysis with multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method, in order to calculate absorption rate constant (Ka) and evaluate intestinal absorption characteristics of these four alkaloids extracted by different extraction methods in different intestinal segments in rats. The results showed that the four alkaloids extracted by two different processes in high, medium and low doses had linear absorption properties in the small intestine segment, which conformed to zero-order absorption rate, intestinal segment than 0.99. The absorption rate constant (Ka) of decoction group was higher than that of alcohol extraction group.
Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of vascularized fibular graft on large defects of long bones and the monitoring method for the vascular status of the grafted fibula.

METHODSFrom March 1988 to February 1998, 30 patients with long bone defects over 6 cm in length received vascularized fibular graft including a monitoring island flap in our department to monitor the blood circulation of the fibulae.

RESULTSMonitoring island abnormalities were indicated in 6 flaps, which accurately gave the alarm of the circulation crisis of the fibular graft. Surgical exploration was performed timely and the blood supply was recovered instantaneously. All the bone defects were healed at 6 months postoperatively. After 4 years of follow-up, all the grafted fibulae were thickened and were just like tibiae.

CONCLUSIONSA monitoring island flap is a satisfactory method for repairing large defects of the long bones and a reliable method for assessing the vascular status of the grafted fibulae.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fibula ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing

Objective To discuss the characteristic of brachial plexus root avulsion injury of high resolution MR imaging and the value in diagnosing of brachial plexus root avulsion injury early.Methods Fourty-five cases of brachial plexus root avulsion injury patients had being used for investigation to find the characteristic and diagnostic value of MR image of brachial plexus root avulsion injury,which all have pre-operative MR imaging and were diagnosed brachial plexus root avulsion injury by intra-operative exploration and electrophysiology form February 2006 to February 2011.Results Post-traumatic spinalmeningolceles were seen in 42 cases,the frequency was 93.3％; Displacement of spinal cord was seen in 25 cases,the frequency was 55.6％; Absence of anterior and posterior root of spinal nerve was seen in 8 eases,the frequency was 17.8％;Black line sign was seen in 18 cases,the frequency was 40.0％.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of MRI in diagnosing brachial plexus root injury were 95.7％,77.8％ and 94.6％ respectively.Conclusion Posttraumatic spinalmeningolceles are most often seen in MR of brachial plexus root avulsion injury,this sign can play an important role in diagnosing and treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion injury.

OBJECTIVETo rapidly and sensitively detect the four virulence-associated factors of Streptococcus suis, a multiplex PCR was developed.

METHODSIn the process of this reaction, four distinct DNA targets were amplified. One target was based on the serotype 2 (and 1/2) specific cps gene and the others were based on Streptococcus suis mrp, epf (epf*) and sly gene, encoding the MRP, EF(EF*) and Sly proteins of Streptococcus suis. 72 isolates, which including 48 strains of Streptococcus suis and 24 strains of negative control, and 49 clinical specimens were detected by the multiplex PCR assay.

RESULTSAll PCR products were detected by electrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gels. With the 48 Streptococcus suis strains, the positive detection rates of cps2+, mrp+, epf+, epf*+ and sly+ were 16/48, 14/48, 12/48, 3/48 and 26/48,respectively. The results were confirmed by bacteriological examination. There were no specific amplification products including 49 clinical specimens and 24 negative control strains.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that multiplex PCR was a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of virulence-associated factors of streptococcus suis.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Streptococcus suis ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Virulence Factors ; genetics

Flavonoids are a large class of compounds widely distributed in nature. Many pharmacological activities of flavonoids have been reported such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic, vasodilator, antiviral, antibacterial, antiallergic, and so on. In recent years, domestic and foreign research groups choose natural flavonoids and optimize their chemical structures in order to develop a number of new derivatives with stronger pharmacological activities. As part of the mechanisms are not clear, we need to strengthen in-depth research in the SAR (structure-activity relationship) study for targeted and efficient structure optimization. This paper systematically summarize current researches in the SAR studies of flavonoids and their derivatives, which can serve as a reference for synthesizing new flavonoid derivatives.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antisepsis ; Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Vasodilator Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology