Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women with malignancies worldwide.Brachytherapy plays an essential role in the radiation therapy for cervical cancer, and its combination with external beam radiation is indicated for previously untreated or recurrent cervical cancer at various stages without distant metastasis.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superior resolution of soft tissue, which allows for accurate delineation of target volume, protects organs at risk (OARs), and thus improves treatment outcomes.In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the feasibility and superiority of three-dimensional MRI-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer.This article aims to elaborate on relevant MRI techniques, selection of applicators, delineation of target volume and OARs, evaluation of treatment plans, and the clinical effect of three-dimensional MRI-guided brachytherapy.

The isolated 24 strains-producing hydantoinase & carbamoylase were first identified by Biolog microbial identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results suggested that the hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria belonged to Bacillus,Geobacillus,Brevibacillus,Aneurinibacillus,Microbacterium,Pseudomonas,Kurthia and Empedobacter,and so on.Especially,Kurthia and Empedobacter were new hydantoinase & carbamoylase-producing genera.Furthuremore,it was found that D-hydatoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium,while most of L-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacterial belonged to Bacillus,Geobacillus and Microbacterium.The distribution feature of D-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria and L-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria showed some genera tendency.This research work will provide the biomaterial of different hydantoinase and carbamoylase and contribute to study the structure and function,molecular evolution of the two enzymes.

In order to change the situations such as students’passivity and low enthusiasm in the traditional experimental teaching of Microbiology and improve students’comprehensive qualities,exploration and attempt on experimental teaching reforms including teaching contents,teaching modes,laboratory management and evaluation system of examination were done.Teaching practices showed that the normalized ex- periment syllabus based on the correct orientation of experimental teaching of Microbiology,the actualization of teaching mode of basic skill training-integrated experiment-designed experiment and the management of opening laboratory were effective measures in improving experimental teaching of Microbiology.

Objective To study the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with sublethal temperature on the production of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and on the expression of LCSCs-related transcriptional factors.Methods Mouse hepl-6 hepatoma cell line and clinical samples of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were used to test the expressions of LCSCs-related markers and transcriptional factors.Results Different temperatures were used to stimulate Hep1-6 cells,and it was proved that the temperature of 45℃ was a sublethal temperature that could not induce cell death.Flow cytometry testing showed that treatment with 45℃ could obviously increase CD13+,CD44+,CD90 and CD133+ Hep1-6 cells,suggesting that treatment with 45℃ could increase the production of above mentioned types of LCSCs in hep1-6 cells.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay indicated that the temperature of 45℃could cause significant increase in CD13,CD90 and CD133 mRNA.In all 5 HCC patients,CD13 mRNA in the recurrent HCC lesions was remarkably increased,CD133 mRNA was increased in 4 patients with recurrent HCC,and CD90 mRNA was increased in only one patient with recurrent HCC.Flow cytometry testing revealed that CD13+ LCSCs were strikingly increased in 4 recurrent HCC patients,while CD133+LCSC was increased in only one patient,suggesting that more close correlation existed between the increase of CD13+ LCSCs and the temperature of 45℃.RT-qPCR assay showed that in 4 recurrent HCC patients with increased CD13+ LCSC,the Sox2 and Stat2 among 13 LCSCs-related transcriptional factors were obviously increased.Flow cytometry testing showed that 45℃ treatment also increased the expression of Sox2 and Stat1 mRNA in Hep1-6 cells.Finally,Sox2 and Stat1 could be knockdown by siRNAs,indicating that both Sox2 and Stat1 transcriptional factors were involved in 45℃-induced production of CD13+ LCSCs in Hep1-6 cells.Conclusion In RFA therapy,the use of sublethal temperature of 45℃ can increase CD13+LCSCs,which is related to the promotion of Sox2 and Stat1 expression.The results of this study can be used for reference in the research of liver cancer recurrence.

Art phonetics' medicine, a new branch of traditional medicine, has not been developed perfectly, especially in the aspects of objective and scientific study. In this paper, the acoustical and anatiomical basis of art phonetics in viewpoint of biomedical engineering is explored, and then our work of quantitative measurement and analysis of art phonetic is introduced. The experiment data show further that quantitative measurement and analysis plays an important role in art phonetic medicine.
Acoustics ; Biomedical Engineering ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Larynx ; anatomy & histology ; Male ; Phonetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of inhibited α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by small interference RNA (siRNA) in SH-SY5Y cells and to explore the connection of these changes with the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODSThe siRNA of α7 nAChR was transfected into SH-SY5Y cells, and the expression of α7 nAChR and two subtypes of β-secretases (BACE1 and BACE2) at mRNA and protein levels was studied by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The variation of Aβ(1-42) content was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSAs compared with controls, the expression of α7 nAChR at mRNA and protein levels in the SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the α7 nAChR siRNA were decreased by 84% and 79% (P < 0.01), respectively. The expressions of BACE1 mRNA and protein levels was increased by 527% and 71% (P < 0.01), respectively, while the expression of BACE2 decreased by 58% and 75% (P < 0.01), respectively. The Aβ(1-42) content increased by 208% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAn inhibited α7 nAChR mRNA induced by siRNA may markedly stimulate the production of Aβ through the mechanism of increased expression of BACE1 and inhibited expression of BACE2, which may be related to the pathogenesis of AD.

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Objective:To investigate the distribution of aldose reductase (AR) C-106T genetic polymorphism in Chinese Han population and its association with the risk for essential hypertension (EH).Methods:The AR C-106T polymorphism was genotyped in 148 Chinese EH patients and 137controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).The genotype distribution between groups was contrasted by x2- test and the degree of genetic association was evaluated by 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results:Frequency of the variant AR C-106T allele was 13.9％ (95％ CI:11.2％-16.6％) in the controls,which was significantly lower than that in the Japanese (18.4％ in 712 individuals,P=0.0063),the Australians (37.9％ in 240 individuals,P＜0.0001) and the Brazilians (34.7％ in 62individuals,P＜ 0.0001).The frequency ofAR C-106T allele was 11.7％ (95％ CI:7.9％-15.5％)in the EH patients.No significant difference in the allele frequency was observed between the EH patients and the controls (P=0.147).Conclusion:There is obvious racial difference in the distribution of AR C-106T polymorphism.The polymorphism is not associated with the risk for EH.

The kinetics of immobilized cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes MA-2 and Brevibacterium flavum MA-3 cells were studied. By means of both a theoretical analysis of diffusion in the gel particles and an experimental determination of apparent kinetic parameters, the intrinsic kinetic parameters of immobilized cells of B. ammoniagenes MA-2 and B. flavum MA-3 cells were obtained.
Brevibacterium ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; physiology ; Kinetics

The proteins encoded by the Brassica juncea chitinase gene BjCHI1 and its derived genes BjCHI2 and BjCHI3 were expressed by Multi-copy Pichia expression system. The chitinase activity of FPLC purified BjCHI1, BjCHI2 and BjCHI3 were tested and the results showed that all the three proteins degraded both CM-chitin-RBV and colloidal chitin. The Km values of BjCHI1, BjCHI2 and BjCHI3 for CM-chitin-RBV were estimated as 0.799 mg/mL, 0.544 mg/mL and 0.793 mg/mL, respectively. When the colloidal chitin was used as substrate, the Km values were 0.281 mg/mL, 0.388 mg/mL and 1.643 mg/mL, respectively, indicating chitin-binding domain can increase affinity of chitinase to insoluble substrate. In the agglutination activity assay, only BjCHI1 shows activity when the protein concentration was more than 33 micrograms/mL, while BjCHI2 and BjCHI3 without agglutination activity even when the concentration was increased as high as 800 micrograms/mL. This means that the two chitin-binding domains in BjCHI1 are essential for agglutination and BjCHI1 is the first protein which shows both chitinase and agglutination activity identified so far in plants.
Agglutination ; Agglutinins ; genetics ; Chitinases ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Mustard Plant ; chemistry ; Pichia ; genetics ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; isolation & purification

Objective:To investigate the dynamic expression and spatial distribution of P2X7 receptor in pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat hippocampus.Methods:Status epilepticus (SE) model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection with chloride lithium and pilocarpine.Rat brain tissue and hippocampus were collected at 1,3,7,14,28 days after SE.The protein expression of P2X7 receptor in rat hippocampus was detected by Western blot.The distribution of P2X7 receptor in hippocampal sub-region was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results:Bilateral forelimb clonus appeared at (33.9±12.3 min after intraperitoneal injection with pilocarpine.The protein expression of P2X7 receptor was increased at 1d after SE,while it was decreased gradually from 3 d to minimum at 7 d,then it was elevated continuously to 28 d.Among them,the expression of P2X7 receptor was increased significantly at 1,14 and 28 d post-SE (P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical staining showed that P2X7 receptor was detected in all areas.The expression pattern of P2X7 receptor in hippocampal DG and CA3 area was consistent with protein expression,but its expression in hippocampal CA1 area was not significantly changed after SE.Conclusion:The expression of P2X7 receptor in post-SE hippocampus is in a time-dependent manner and spatial specificity.P2X7 receptor might be involved in the development of chronic epilepsy.