AIM: To explore whether exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) depresses high glucose (HG)-in-duced injury by modulating the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription ( JAK/STAT) pathway in hu-man umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).METHODS:The protein levels of JAK2, STAT3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) was detected by rhodamine 123 staining followed by photofluorography.The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by DCFH-DA staining followed by photofluorography.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also measured.RESULTS:Pretreatment of the HUVECs with 400 μmol/L NaHS (a donor of H2S) for 30 min prior to exposure to 40 mmol/L glucose ( HG) markedly attenuated HG-induced upregulation of the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3.Pretreatment with 400μmol/L NaHS for 30 min or with 20μmol/L AG490 (inhibitor of the JAK/STAT pathway) for 30 min attenuated the injury of HUVECs induced by HG, as indicated by the increases in cell viability and SOD activity, and decreases in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3, ROS generation and dissipation of MMP.CONCLU-SION:Exogenous H2 S protects HUVECs against HG-induced injury by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway.

The paper aimed to elucidate the specific impact of supramolecular chemistry on the Chinese medicine theories (CMT) in their modernization, after had summarized up the research status of supramolecular chemistry and analyzed the possible supramolecular forms of Chinese medicine (CM), as well as considered the problems in modernization of CM theories. On comparison of the classical chemistry that delt with chemical bonds among atoms, the supramolecular chemistry was rather concerned with varietes of weak noncovalent bonds intermolecules, and reflected the macro-apparent chemical properties of each molecules, and was the most appropriate chemical theories to explain the CMT and microcosmic materials. The molecules in the human body and Chinese material medica (CMM) formed supramolecules by way of self-assembly, self-organization, self-recognition and self-replication, with themselves or with complexation, composition, chelation, inclusion, neutralization etc. Meridian and Zang-fu viscera in CMT might be a space channel structure continuously consisted of unique molecules cavity that was imprinted with the supramolecularly template inside and outside of cells, through which the molecules in CMM interacted with the meridian and Zang-fu viscera. When small molecules in human body imprinted with macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, in other words, they migrated along within imprinting channels of meridian and Zang-fu viscera on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulsed by the heart beat, finally showed up on macroscopic the anisotropy of tissue and organ, as described namely as visceral manifestation in Chinese medical science. When small molecules in CMM interacted with imprinting channel on meridian and Zang-fu viscera, the natural properties and efficacy regularities of CMM was reflected on macroscopic. Therefore, the special representation forms of basic CMT is based on the macroscopic expression of "Qi chromatography" abided by imprinting effect regularities, and on whether the imprinted template of small molecules matched with cavity template of macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, only is the adequate representation of supramolecular chemistry for them. The CMM materials is the mixture including single molecules and supramolecules. The compatibility for CM prescriptions can significantly change the function rules. Therefore in the study of basic CMT, we should pay special attention to the laws of supramolecular chemistry. It is the most essential differences of the CMT from the modern medicine which established by the laws of single molecular theories.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Meridians ; Nanotechnology

Pten gene is the first antioncogene with dual phosphatase activity discovered so far, pten gene regulates the cell cycle progress, apoptosis, metastasis and invasion of the tumor cells through negatively regulating the multiple signaling transduction pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor occurring in terminal stage of B cell differentiation. The genetic changes are considered as the important factors in MM pathogenesis, among which the deletion of antioncogene is a critical genetic change. However, little is known about the genetic change of pten in MM. This review summarizes the research advance on pten in MM including structure of pten, mechanism of pten effect and correlation of pten with MM in order to provide some references for the investigating new gene target to treat the MM.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; therapy ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

From the perspective of standardization development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) information,the paper puts forward the categorizing and coding scheme of clinical TCM information,builds a frame of basic clinical TCM information classification,which consists of 6 Grade 1 categories,30 subcategories and a few detailed categories,to provide standardized support for informatization and standardization study in the area of TCM.

Objective To investigate the effect of leptin on the tolerance of cultured rat brain astrocytes to ischemia and hypoxia.Methods The brain astrocytes isolated from neonatal SD rats,after purification and identification,were incubated in serum-and glucose-flee medium in the presence of 5%CO2+95%N2 for 90 min to induce isehemic and hypoxic injury. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of the leptin receptors Ob-Ra and Ob-Rb in the cells, and colorimetry was used to measure the content of malonaldehyde(MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in the cell supematant.The expression level ofglial fibrillary acidicprotein(GFAP)in the cells was detected with fluorescence immunocytochemistry.Results Ischemic and hypoxic exposure of the cells induced obvious cell necrosis.Compared with the cells without the exposure,significantly decreased Ob-Rb expression(0.52±0.01 vs 1.32±0.01,P<0.05)and increased MDA,LDH and GFAP levels(709.68±47.16 vs 516.13±29.08,3.94±0.36 vs 1.81±0.21,and 0.122±0.016 vs 0.057±0.006,respectively,P<0.05) occurred after the exposure,whereas the expression level of Ob-Ra underwent no significant changes(3.87±0.13 vs 3.96±0.24,P>0.05). Compared with the exposed cells,the leptin-treated cells showed a significant reduction in MDA levels(3.94±0.36 vs 3.19±0.25,P<0.05) with significantly increased GFAP expression(0.057±0.006 vs 0.109±0.008, P<0.05)after the exposure, and the cells maintained basically intact cell morphology.Conclusion With neuroprotective effects against ischemic neuronal injuries,leptin canimprove the tolerance of rat brain astrocytes to ischemia and hypoxia.

OBJECTIVES: Diarrheal disease continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We investigated how anomalies in monthly average temperature, precipitation, and surface water storage (SWS) impacted bacterial, and viral diarrhea morbidity in Taiwan between 2004 and 2015. METHODS: A multivariate analysis using negative binomial generalized estimating equations was employed to quantify age-specific and cause-specific cases of diarrhea associated with anomalies in temperature, precipitation, and SWS. RESULTS: Temperature anomalies were associated with an elevated rate of all-cause infectious diarrhea at a lag of 2 months, with the highest risk observed in the under-5 age group (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.07). Anomalies in SWS were associated with increased viral diarrhea rates, with the highest risk observed in the under-5 age group at a 2-month lag (IRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.42) and a lesser effect at a 1-month lag (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.31). Furthermore, cause-specific diarrheal diseases were significantly affected by extreme weather events in Taiwan. Both extremely cold and hot conditions were associated with an increased risk of all-cause infectious diarrhea regardless of age, with IRRs ranging from 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12) to 1.18 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.40). CONCLUSIONS The risk of all-cause infectious diarrhea was significantly associated with average temperature anomalies in the population aged under 5 years. Viral diarrhea was significantly associated with anomalies in SWS. Therefore, we recommend strategic planning and early warning systems as major solutions to improve resilience against climate change.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of androgen receptor (AR) on IgG protein expression and the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells.

METHODSWestern blotting was used to detect the expression of AR protein and IgG in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCap cells and castration-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. In AR-overexpressing cells (PC-3-AR cells) established by transfecting PC-3 with AR gene (pCDNA3.1) and LNCap cells with small interfering RNA-mediated AR silencing (LNCap-siAR cells) were analyzed for expressions of AR protein and IgG with Western blotting; the expression of IgG mRNA was detected by Q-PCR, and the cell proliferation and migration were assessed with MTT assay and wound healing assay, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with PC-3 cells, LNCap cells expressed a higher level of AR protein and a lower level of IgG (P<0.05). PC-3-AR cells showed attenuated proliferation and migration with a lowered expression of IgG (P<0.01), while LNCap-siAR cells showed enhanced proliferation and migration with increased expression of IgG (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of AR is inversely correlated with IgG and is associated with the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro.

To compare and analyze the variation of PB1-F2 genes of Influenza A Viruses from Guangzhou during 2009 to 2011 with the Influenza A Viruses from all over the world, to lay the foundation of functional research and interaction mechanism of the PB1-F2 protein. 17 Novel H1N1 influenza viruses and 1 seasonal H1N1 influenza virus have been isolated from human in Guangzhou during 2009 to 2011 that were cloned into pMD 18-T Vector for sequencing. Then, 68 PB1-F2 genes of IAVs from human around the world were downloaded from GenBank database and analyzed using molecular biological software. The phylogenetic tree result shows that the PB1-F2 genes of IAV from the world separated into two main groups. There is high homology of PB1-F2 genes of one Seasonal H1N1 virus and Novel H1N1 viruses which were isolated in Guangzhou compared with the global Novel H1N1 viruses. And all of them got the 11 amino acids truncated protein by mutation included one seasonal H1N1 strain isolated by our laboratory. There is no variation of PB1-F2 genes of Novel H1N1 virus in Guangzhou compared with the worldwide strains. However, one seasonal H1N1 virus which isolated by our laboratory shows analogous truncated mutation of PB1-F2 of Novel H1N1 virus, it reveals that the PB1-F2 gene might has done the early reassortment between the Novel H1N1 virus and seasonal H1N1 virus.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shangbai ointment in relieving pain in patients with acute ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury.

METHODSFifty patients with unilateral ankle injury were randomized into Shangbai ointment treatment group and control group (n=25). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, ankle joint circumference, Kofoed score and self-rated lower limb function were recorded before and at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment.

RESULTSThe baseline data were comparable between the two groups. The VAS pain score and swelling elimination in the treatment group were better than those in the control group at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment; the Kofoed ankle score was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 7 and 14 days after treatment. The patients in the treatment also reported better self-rated lower limb function than those in the control group at 7 and 14 days after the treatment.

CONCLUSIONShangbai ointment treatment can rapidly relieve pain in patients with acute ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury and improve the functional scores of the joint.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical effectiveness in treating thoracolumbar fractures adopting the rehabilitation exercise utilizing knee pads on the orthopedic traction bed.

METHODSFrom June 1996 to June 2006, we studied the clinical effectiveness of thoracolumbar fractures utilizing knee pads on the orthopedic traction bed for rehabilitation exercise. The cases surveyed total 209, 163 of which had full data. There were 98 males and 65 females with the age from 17 to 74 years (mean, 14.5 years). Consulting time after injury from 30 min to 7 days. Fracture site in T11 had 8 cases, in T12 24 cases, in L1 73 cases, in L2 33 cases, in L3 8 cases, in L4 3 cases, in T12 and L1 14 cases. Compression degree of vertebral anterior border: full compression had 1 case,more than 4/5 had 23, more than 2/3 had 67, more than 1/2 had 40, in 1/3 had 46.

RESULTSAmong them, 8 cases with legs paresis no recovery in nerval function or stopping recovery changed methods, and underwent surgical treatment. Others 155 cases were followed up from 2 to 12 years with an average of 3 years and 4 months. The average height of vertebral anterior borders of the 169 injured compressed had increased from 1.55 cm before treatment to 2.70 cm after treatment with an average of 1.15 cm. The height of the injured vertebral anterior borders had recovered from 50.5% (1.55/3.07) before treatment to 89.4% (2.70/3.02) after treatment. Kyphosis angle of the injured vertebral bodies had recovered from 13.25 degrees to -1.6 degrees in average. Twenty-three cases associated with dislocation basic reduction.

CONCLUSIONRehabilitation exercise using knee pads on the orthopedic traction bed can obtain satisfactory clinical effect in treating thoracolumbar fractures, the method is easy. At 3, 7, 10 days after treatment, the height of bed should be adjusted according X-ray.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Exercise Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Equipment ; Recovery of Function ; Spinal Fractures ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult