An actinomycete strain P-13, with antimicrobial activity against muskmelon bacterial spot pathogens, was isolated from the muskmelon rhizosphere soil samples in Xinjiang. The strain P-13 was identified as Streptomyces rochei based on morphological, physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The agar diffusion bioassay showed that the diameter of inhibition zone against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrull BFB and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans P4 was above 19 mm and 17 mm, respectively. The antimicrobial substances obtained from strain P-13 were demonstrated to be alkaline and water-soluble compounds according to paper chromatogram analysis and exocellular metabolites. Furthermore, it was stable to be treated by 100?C for 10 min, pH 6 for 6 h, or ultraviolet treatment for 7 h. Moreover, it was insoluble in organic solvents, such as petroleum benzine, diethyl ether, and acetic ether.

Objective To compare open versus closed reduction in treatment of children with displaced femoral neck fracture whose reduction is delayed by more than 24 hours.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 51 children who had been treated at our department for femoral neck fracture between May 2005 and May 2012 after their reduction had been delayed for more than 24 hours.They were 37 boys and 14 girls,1.7 to 15.5 years of age (average,9.1 years).According to Delbet's classification,27 cases belonged to type Ⅱ,18 to type Ⅲ,and 6 to type Ⅳ.Of them,18 underwent closed reduction and 33 open reduction.Their complications were recorded in detail.Their therapeutic results were evaluated according to Ratliff's criteria and compared between the 2 methods of reduction.Results The 51 children were followed up for an average of 36.7 months (range,from 17 to 61 months).Anatomic reduction was achieved in 6 cases in the closed reduction group (33.3％) and 29 cases in the open reduction group (87.9％),respectively.All fractures healed after an average of 10.9 weeks (range,from 9 to 13 weeks),with one exception of nonunion in the closed reduction group.The incidence of femoral head necrosis in the closed reduction group (27.8％,5/18) was significantly higher than that in the open reduction group (15.2％,5/33) (P ＜ 0.05).According to the Ratliff's evaluation at the final follow-ups,the good to excellent rate in the closed reduction group(66.7％,12/18) was significantly lower than that in the open reduction group (84.8％,28/33) (P ＜0.05).Coxa vara occurred in 3 children in the closed reduction group but in none in the open reduction group.Conclusion Open reduction with internal fixation may lead to better outcomes than closed reduction in the treatment of children with displaced femoral neck fracture whose reduction is delayed by more than 24 hours,probably because open reduction can result in better reduction quality.

Objective To observe clinical efficacy of probiotics agents in the prevention and treatment of severe pulmonary infection in elderly patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).Methods 60 cases of elderly patients with severe pulmonary infection (more than or equal to 60 years old) were randomly divided into the treatment group ( 31 cases ) and control group ( 29 cases ) , the control group received broad-spectrum antibiotics or using two linked above anti-infection treatment, the treatment group were added with probiotic agent ( lactobacillus complex capsules).The diarrhea, the use of antibiotics and the stool routine, bacteria before and after 5, 10, 15 days of group were observed.Results After 15 days treatment, the number of Escherichia coli in treatment group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05), the number of Bacterium lacticum and Bifidobacterium bifidum in treatment group were higher than those in control group ( P<0.05 ) .The AAD rate in treatment goup was 12.90%, which was lower than 41.38% in control group (P<0.05).There were significant differences in beginning time and duration of diarrhea between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The intestinal probiotics reduced induced by antibiotics in elderly patients with severe pulmonary infection , the probiotics agents could redress intestinal flora imbalance, keep the steady state of intestinal flora, and prevent and cure the antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Objective To investigate the expressions of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) in brain hippocampus of rat with chronic fluorosis,and to reveal the mechanism of brain damage resulted from chronic fluorosis.Methods Sixty clean grade SD rats were randomly divided to three groups(20 rats in each group,10 female and 10 male) fed with different contents of fluoride,control group with normal tap-water(＜ 0.5 mg/L fluoride),small dosage of fluoride exposure group(10 mg/L fluoride in tap-water) and large dosage of fluoride exposure group(50 mg/L fluoride) for six months.Then the rats were killed by femoral artery bleeding and hippocampus was removed.Protein and mRNA levels of RAGE and NF-κB in the hippocampus were determined by Western blotting and quantitative real time PCR,respectively.Results As compared to the control groups[(100.00 ± 2.60)％,(100.00 ± 7.80)％],the expressions of RAGE and NF-κB at protein level in the hippocampus were significantly increased in the small dosage of fluoride exposure groups [(205.00 ± 15.30)％,(156.00 ± 12.20)％] and the large dosage of fluoride exposure groups[(232.00 ± 10.90)％,(162.00 ± 9.80)％,all P ＜ 0.05]; for the mRNA level of RAGE and NF-κB,the expressions were higher in the small dosage of fluoride exposure groups(1.27 ± 0.09,0.83 ± 0.15) and the large dosage of fluoride exposure groups (2.60 ± 0.19,1.27 ± 0.19) than those of the control groups(0.66 ± 0.18,0.32 ± 0.08,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions The increased expressions of RAGE and NF-κB in the hippocampus of rat brain are caused by chronic fluorosis,and these changes may be associated with the mechanism of nerve injury.

Objective Aim of the study is to investigate the expression of syndecan-4 and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) in the kidney of rat with chronic fluorosis,and to reveal the mechanism of kidney damage resulted from the toxicity of excessive amount of fluoride.Methods According to body mass and sex,sixty SD rats were randomly divided to three groups according to body mass and fed with different contents of fluoride:control group with normal tap-water(＜ 0.5 mg/L fluoride),small dosage of fluoride exposure group (adding 10 mg/L fluoride in tap-water) and large dosage of fluoride exposure group (50 mg/L fluoride) for six months.The protein level of syndecan-4 and NF-κB in the kidney was detected by Western blotting and syndecan-4 mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR.Results As compared to the control group[(100.0 + 8.1)％],the expression of syndecan-4 at protein level in the kidney of rat was significantly increased in the small dosage of fluoride exposure group [(198.5 + 5.6)％,P ＜ 0.05] and large dosage of fluoride exposure group [(209.2 + 13.0)％,P ＜ 0.05]; the protein levels of NF-κB in the small dosage of fluoride exposure group[(284.4 + 11.1)％,P ＜ 0.05] and in the large dosage of fluoride exposure group[(343.2 + 2.9)％,P ＜ 0.05] were significantly increased than that of the control group[(100.0 ± 10.7)％].The mRNA levels of syndecan-4 in the kidney in the small dosage of fluoride exposure group and large dosage of fluoride exposure group(0.431 + 0.058 and 0.453 ± 0.065,both P ＜ 0.05,respectively) were significantly increased than that of the control(0.128 + 0.026).Conclusions The increased expression of NF-κB in the kidney is induced by increased expression of syndecan-4,which may be involved in kidney damage of chronic fluorosis.

BACKGROUND: Ghildren refractory clubfoot includes idiopathic multiple contracture, untreated idiopathic clubfoot in older children and failure cases of repeated operations. It is very difficult to treat this type of children patients. It has important significance in the exploration of new therapeutic methods.OBJECTIVE: To improve the therapeutic effectiveness of refractory clubfoot in children with Ilizarov method.DESIGN: a self-controlled study.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Children' s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 3 cases of children idiopathic multiple contracture, 2 cases of idiopathic clubfoot in children aged more than 10 years old without treatment and 6 cases of postoperative recurrent idiopathic clubfoot were admitted by the Department of Orthopedics of Nanjing Children' s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University during 1999 to 2000. All cases manifested abnormal ankylosis and shortening deformity in foot.METHODS: Twelve refractory clubfeet in eleven patients were treated with the Ilizarov method. After achilles tendon lengthening and posterior release,kieschner' wires or olive wires with tension were penetrated through multiple planes of the middle lower 1/3 of tibia, calcaneus and the 1st to the 5th metatarsals, which were fixed respectively to external bone fixer of a ring,half-ring or horseshoe shape and connected with each other by multiple screw bars into a three-dimensional external bone fixing set. Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction and shortening deformities were corrected by the adjustment of the distance between each part of the external bone fixing set through extension, compression, and rotation, etc., and navicular and cuboid osteotomy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All 11 cases were followed up for 2 to 10 years with an average period of 4. 5 years. Indices like foot morphology,talocrural articualr activity range and deformity correction were observed during the follow up.RESULTS: The results were excellent in 5 cases (6 feet), good in 4 cases (4 feet), fair 2 cases(2 feet) according to the Garceau standard scale. The rate of excellent and good clinical results was 83.3%. Mild forefoot adduction was left in 2 feet of 2 cases and quite obvious tarsal articular ankylosis was found in 4 feet of 4 cases; however, there were no significant differences of gait and load bearing between these patients and normal children.CONCLUSION: The Ilizarov technique is a safe and effective method for the treatment of refractory children clubfoot while its indications should be controlled strictly.

Objective To study the clinical features of acute limited neck motion in children and its differential diagnosis, and to improve doctors' awareness and the early diagnosis of the disease.Methods A total of 420 patients with acute limited neck motion as the chief complaint and atlantoaxial rotary subluxation as the first diagnosis between January 2005 and January 2014 in Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were enrolled.The clinical manifestations, imaging and consultation data of the 420 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were totally 248 male patients and 172 female patients.The ages ranged from 2 to 14 years old(the mean age was 7.2 years old) ,the course ranged from 2 hours to 2 days.Among 420 patients,353 patients were diagnosed as atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation.Forty-two patients were diagnosed as cervical intervertebral disc calcification.Seven patients were diagnosed as Tourette syndrome.Four patients were diagnosed as intracranial tumors.Three patients were diagnosed as cervical eosinophilic granuloma.Two patients were diagnosed as cervical spinal tuberculosis.Two patients were diagnosed as viral encephalitis.Two patients were diagnosed as benign paroxysmal torticollis.Two patients were diagnosed as Kawasaki disease.One patient was diagnosed as neuroblastoma.One patient was diagnosed as hemophilia A.One patient was diagnosed as drug adverse reaction of metoclopramide.According to Fielding clinical classification,204 patients were type Ⅰ, 122 patients were type Ⅱ,21 patients were type Ⅲ, and 6 patients were type Ⅳ.Conclusions Based on disease distribution of acute limited neck motion in children, atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation seems to be the predominant while non-atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is not uncommon.Differential diagnoses should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis.For atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, conservative treatment including continuous mandible occipital belt traction and brace has been proved to be very effective methods.

Aim To investigate the effects of dioscin ( Dio) on rat myocardial contractility. Methods Left ventricular contractile function was measured using the Langendorff non-recirculating mode of isolated rat heart perfusion. Effects of low, middle and high concentra-tion of Dio were investigated by measuring left ventricu-lar systolic pressure ( LVSP ) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) . Also, peak rates of rise/fall of left ventricular pressure ( ± dp/dtmax ) of isolated rat heart were calculated. Effects of Dio on intracellu-lar free calcium concentration in rat H9 c2 cells were measured by using the confocal microscopy. Mitochon-drial membrane potential was detected with multifunc-tional microplate reader. Results With 0. 1, 1 μmol · L-1 Dio, LVSP were significantly enhanced from (11. 55 ± 0. 52), (10. 53 ± 0. 28) kPa to (13. 08 ± 0. 72), (12. 53 ±0. 64) kPa(P<0. 01); +dp/dtmax were dramatically increased from ( 0. 38 ± 0. 10 ) , (0. 40 ± 0. 07) kPa·ms-1 to (0. 42 ± 0. 11), (0. 43 ± 0. 02) kPa·ms-1(P<0. 05). With the 10μmol· L-1 Dio, LVSP and + dp/dtmax were both decreased from (12. 13 ± 0. 33) kPa and (0. 42 ± 0. 04) kPa· ms-1 to ( 9. 46 ± 0. 77 ) kPa and ( 0. 24 ± 0. 04 ) kPa ·ms-1 (P <0. 01). With 0. 1, 1, 10 μmol·L-1 Dio, the relative fluorescence intensity of intracellular free calcium concentrations was increased significantly from (16. 62 ± 0. 89) to (21. 48 ± 0. 80), (25. 68 ± 0. 69) and (19. 84 ± 0. 66)(P <0. 01)respectively. 0. 1, 1μmol·L-1 Dio showed no significant effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential of rat H9 c2 cells, while with effects of 10 μmol·L-1 Dio, the ra-tio of JC-1 monomer and J-aggregates was changed from (1. 14 ± 0. 03) to (1. 35 ± 0. 06)(P<0. 01), indica-ting a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane poten-tial. Conclusion Low and middle concentrations of Dio show a positive inotropic effect on isolated rat heart, as the LVSP and + dp/dtmax are enhanced, which may concern with the increase of the intracellu-lar concentration of Ca2+. It will not cause the calcium overload while the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ is increased by low and middle concentration of Dio in the myocytes except high concentration of Dio.

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