No abstract available.
Agglutination* ; Alisma* ; Animals ; Erythrocytes* ; Mice* ; Plantago*

BACKGROUND:In China there is no norm to assess anxiety disorders in children.The Chinese urban norm for screening child anxiety related emotional disorders is applicable to assessing anxiety problem in Chinese children and assisting clinical diagnosis,research and epidemiological investigation. OBJECTIVE:To develop the norm for screening child anxiety related emotional disorders(SCARED) in Chinese cities,and test the reliability and validity of this scale. DESIGN:A sampling survey taking the students of Grade 2 and up in elementary schools and junior middle schools in 14 big and medium sized cities in China and children with anxiety disorders who visited children's mental clinics in Changsha,Jinan and Shenzhen cities from October 2001 to April 2002,as the subjects. SETTING:The psychiatric department of a provincial specialized mental hospital. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 2 019 subjects(1 012 males and 1 007 females) with the mean age of(11± 2) years old were selected from 14 cities in China(Beijing,Tianjin,Taiyuan,Siping,Wuhan, Changsha,Xi'an,Shenzhen,Mianyang,Jinan,Fuzhou and Yichun) from October 2001 to April 2002.The students and their parents(norm group) filled in SCARED,and meanwhile,90 children with anxiety disorders who visited children's mental clinics in Changsha, Jinan and Shenzhen were taken as anxiety group. INTERVENTIONS:The children completed one copy of SCARED in the classroom during regular classes after informed consent was obtained, and then the questionnaires were collected on the spot. Another copy of SCARED was taken home by the children to be completed by the parents.Meanwhile,in Changsha,the parents filled in the child behavior checklist(CBCL) while their children completed the Piers Harris children's self concept scale(PHCSS).The reliability and validity of SCARED were determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Reliability and validity of SCARED. RESULTS:The test retest coefficients of SCARED ranged from 0.567 to 0.608,split reliability of SCARED was 0.88,and Cronbach alpha(α ) coefficients were 0.43 to 0.89,with good reliability. Significant correlations were found between the total scores and anxiety indexes of SCARED and Achenbach CBCL(r=0.564,0.603,P< 0.05).The children in anxiety group scored higher in SCARED than those in norm group(t=8.06 to 12.89,P=0.000). Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of anxiety disorder were 0.74 and 0.79,respectively. CONCLUSION:The reliability and validity of SCARED are good, suggesting that the norm is applicable to assessing anxiety disorders in Chinese children.

Objective To study plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) ,IL-6 ,IL-10 ,serum phospholipase A2(PLA2) and organ lesion of sever burn injury patients .Methods 57 sever burn injury patients got treated in our department from March 2010 to March 2011 ,in which 33 of them had been diagnosed with sepsis and 19 of which developed into multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) ,the levels of IL-6 ,IL-10 ,TNF-α,PLA2 were compared among sepsis group(group N) ,MODS group(group M) and negative group(group N) .The organ disfunction and fatality rate were also analyzed .Results The PLA2 ,TNF-α,IL-6 levels of patients in group S and M were significantly higher than group N ,and showed no apparent decline during the first 14 day ;the change trend of IL-10 had no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups(P<0 .05) .The group S and M showed larger burned area and deeper burned depth ,the organ failure and mortality rate were significantly higher than group N ,And with the most common respiratory function failure .Conclusion The PLA2 ,TNF-α,IL-6 levels in sever burn injury patients might be closely relat-ed to the degree of burn .High plasma level of PLA2 ,TNF-α and IL-6 might be closely associated with occurrence of sepsis and MODS and their outcome .

Autophagy is a kind of ubiquitous physiological mechanism in normal and abnormal cells.Autophagy plays a key role in protein equilibrium and cleaning impaired organelle to maintain homeostasis in cells.It plays different roles at different stages of carcinogenesis by promoting tumor development or inhibiting tumor growth.It has potential applications for tumor therapy by up-regulating or down-regulating the level of au-tophagy in tumor cells.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of formoterol combined with budesonide in the treatment of chron-ic bronchial asthma. METHODS:Totally 80 patients with chronic asthmatic patients were randomly divided into control group and test group. Control group was given corticosteroids,antibacterial drugs or doxofylline and other conventional treatment;based on the treatment of control group,test group was treated with formoterol 1 suck+budesonide 1 suck by aerosol inhalation,once-twice a day. The treatment course was 2 weeks. The clinic data was observed,including clinical efficacy,IL-17,IL-33,FEV1/FVC,PEF before and after treatment,daytime symptom scores,nighttime symptom scores and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS:The total effective rate in test group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Af-ter treatment,IL-17,IL-33,daytime symptom scores and nighttime symptom scores in 2 groups were significantly lower than be-fore,and test group was lower than control group,FEV1/FVC and PEF were significantly higher than before,and test group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,formoterol combined with budesonide has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the adjunctive efficacy of allicin for restenosis of geriatric myocardial infarction (MI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS:From Jan.to Dec.2007,150 geriatric MI patients after PCI were divided into 2 groups (n=75 each),i.e. conventional therapy group and allicin group (allicin 40 mg tid plus conventional therapy). After treatment for 1 year,plasma levels of restenosis markers including endothelin-1,CRP,NO were tested; Coronary arteriography was carried out to reveal the restenosis situation; Angina attack frequencies were also recorded. RESULTS:66 cases in allicin group vs.57 in conventional therapy group had no recurrence of angina,with the effective rate being 88% in allicin group vs.76% in conventional therapy group,showing significant differences between the two groups (P

Great progress has been made in tissue engineering cornea construction (i.c.constructing human corneal equivalence by using tissue engineering technique) during the past 20 years.However,a kind of tissue engineering cornea which can be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent is yet to be availablc.Scaffold is an indispensable part of tissue engineering cornea.Searching for some kinds of scaffolds with good biocompability,some extent of biodegradation and euough biomechanics property are the issue needing to be resolved immediately in the tissue engineering cornea filed.This article reviewed the development of tissue engineering cornea scaffolds,represented the merits and defects of different scaffolds in order to optimize the project of choosing scaffolds and furthermore lay the foundation for constructing a kind of tissue engineering cornea which may be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent in the future.

γδT cells account for approximately 1％-10％ of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood,but they are more abundant in mucosal tissue.γδT cells can produce a diverse range of cytokines to exert cytotoxic effector function.In addition,γδT cells can act as antigen-presenting cell(APC) to enhance the activity of effector T cells and contribute to autoimmunity.Based on the recognized ligands and their common lack of major histocompatibility (MHC) restriction,γδT cells are considered as nontraditional T cells that link innate and adaptive immunity.Previous studies showed that γδT cells have dual function.They can help to strengthen an immune process,and they might also help to suppress immune response.Up to now,many researches have focused on how γδT cells to impact and regulate the experimental autoimmune uveitis by the interaction between γδT cells with αβT cells,interleukine-17 (IL-17),regulatory T cell (Treg),dendritic cell(DC) and toll-like receptor(TLR).In uveitis,a further understanding of the plasticity of γδT cells is required to specifically identify strategies for intentional modulation of their beneficial or detrimental regulatory activity.Here,the basic biological characteristics and the current knowledge on the regulation mechanism of γδT cells in uveitis disease were reviewed.

Over 170 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of liver diseases. Current interferon-based therapy is of limited efficacy and has significant side effects and more effective and better tolerated therapies are urgently needed. HCV is a positive, single-stranded RNA virus with a 9.6 kb genome that encodes ten viral proteins. Among them, the NS3 protease and the NSSB polymerase are essential for viral replication and have been the main focus of drug discovery efforts. Aided by structure-based drug design,potent and specific inhibitors of NS3 and NSSB have been identified, some of which are in late stage clinical trials and may significantly improve current HCV treatment. Inhibitors of other viral targets such as NSSA are also being pursued. However, HCV is an RNA virus characterized by high replication and mutation rates and consequently, resistance emerges quickly in patients treated with specific antivirals as monotherapy. A complementary approach is to target host factors such as cyclophilins that are also essential for viral replication and may present a higher genetic barrier to resistance. Combinations of these inhibitors of different mechanism are likely to become the essential components of future HCV therapies in order to maximize antiviral efficacy and prevent the emergence of resistance.

The project of counterpart assistance has made great achievements, however, the outlay shortage has become the key restriction in sustainable development and role playing as expected. From the view of long-term development and marketing point, it is a must to discuss the issue of “establishing the satisfied system (or active system) to enhance the development of the universities in the west and how to stimulate these universities to enter into the system”. From the economic model in this paper, we can clearly conclude that the government has played a significant role in the process of the development of the universities in the western part of China.