OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of indomethacin-loading solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN). METHODS:Us-ing indomethacin as model drug,glyceryl behenate as oil phase,poloxamer 188 and polyethylene glycol-12-hydroxystearic acid as emulsifier,with turbidity,entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount as index,Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the amount of oil phase,emulsifier-oil phase ratio,drug-oil phase ratio. The physicochemical properties of SLNs were characterized by SEM and DSC. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as oil phase of 0.91%,emulsifier-oil ratio of 1∶1,drug-oil phase ratio of 1∶5. The turbidity,entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount of prepared nanoparticle were 1 025-1 030 NTU,98.94%-99.08%,2.43%-2.46%,respectively;particle size and polydispersity index(PDI)were 181.5-182.3 nm and 0.340-0.341(n=3). The results of DSC showed that indomethacin was not present in crystalline state dispersed into SLNs. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal formulation is screened successfully,and indomethacin-loaded SLNs have been prepared.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome ; therapy

BACKGROUND: There is a complicated relation between somatic disease and mental disorder. Somatic disease may induce functional disorder of brain, and generate psychiatric symptoms due to the change of psychological and social environment. The proportion of depression in elder people based on the chronic somatic disease is much higher, and thus the fatality of them increases.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of single antidepressant, and therapeutic alliance of psychological and drug treatment on the rehabilitation of patients with elderly chronic somatic disease complicated with depression. DESIGN: Randomized and controlled grouping experiment.SETTING: Department of Senile Disease of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 102 patients were hospitalized in the Department of Senile Disease of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 2000 to January 2003, and all the patients had sleep disorder to a different extent, and suffered from symptoms of heart and alimentary tract which could not be explained as organic diseases, and chronic pain or systemic symptom. Their score of Zung scale was ＞ 40 points with average of (48.83±4.15)points. The patients were randomly divided into the drug group (n=46) and the combined treatment group (n=56). Each patient had more than two somatic symptoms in the two groups and more than 81.0% of them had three somatic symptoms. METHODS: According to the different primary diseases in patients of the two groups, regular treatment was given routinely. Oral thymoleptics fluoxetine of 20 mg/d 5-hydroxyltryptamine reuptake restrainer with 20 mg/d was administered, the dose of which could be added to 40 mg/d according to the pathogenetic conditions. At the beginning of the administration of oral antidepressant drugs, the patients in the combined treatment group were The focal point of depression and fear was identified, and the comfort and edge related to the disease was supplied, and the pathogenetic condition and the prognosis were told to the patients objectively. The family and society were encouraged to learn the rehabilitative skill and improve their possible, and the family and society were encouraged to give the patients adequate psychological support and life support. The patient and the family were assisted to establish favorable communication. The feeling of loneliness and isolation was reduced, and the sense of safety was increased. The depression status and the quality of life of the patients in the two groups were evaluated before the treatment and at 2 and 8 weeks after treatment with the Zung scale and the Spitzer quality of life index score (QLI), including 5 aspects: Activity, daily life, health, support and perspective. The highest score was 10 points. The lowest was 0, and the higher the score, the better the quality of life is.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of the Zung scale and the QLI score evaluated before the treatment and at 2 and 8 weeks after the treatment.RESULTS: The treatment of the patients in the two groups was all finZung scale in the drug group and the combined treatment group at 2 weeks after the treatment indicated that there was significant difference in comparison with those before the treatment (41.12±2.60,48.83±4.15,t =10.67,P ＜ 0.05); (40.88±3.43,49.03±4.21 ,t=11.24,P ＜ 0.05). There was not significant difference in group comparison. The total points of Zung scale at 8 weeks were significantly decreased (36.11 ±2.87 ), (30.71±3.62),and there was significant difference in comparison with that before the treatment. The combined treatment group was better than the drug group in difference of QLI score at 2 weeks between the drug group and combined treatment group before and after the treatment (5.47 ± 1.33,5.32 ± 1.04,5.55±1.18,5.27±1.35). The QLI score of drug group and combined treat ment group at 8 weeks after treatment began to rise 7.21±0.13 and 8.83 ±0.32 ,respectively, and there was significant difference in comparison withthose before the treatment, and there was also significant difference in group comparison.CONCLUSION: The positive and effective combined therapy of anti-depression significantly improved the somatic symptoms of patients, no complications appeared, and most patients presented optimistic attitude to the prognosis of the primary disease. To identify the depression of elder people in earlier period is very important to promote rehabilitation of the primary disease.

Objective To observe the regulatory effects of the preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) points in ovariectomized rats, and discuss the mechanism of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on hyoathalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis. Methods Totally 48 female SD rats were divided into 5 groups, including normal group, sham operation group, ovariectomized rats group, preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group. Except normal group and sham operation group, rats were ovariectomized after preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion for 30 d in corresponding groups. ELISA was used to determine the levels of E2, ER, GnRH, FSH and LH in the tissues including hypophysis, hypothalamus and uterus. Results Compared with the normal group, E2, ER and GnRH level in the tissue of the model group was significantly lower (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH increased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, E2, ER and GnRH level of preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group increased in different degree (P<0.05). FSH and LH level reduced in different degree (P <0.05). There was no obvious difference between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion group (P>0.05). Conclusions The preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) has benign modulation to disordered HPO axis of ovariectomized rats. The ability of preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion are almost the same.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of the intraarticufar contact of the temporomandibular joint ( TMJ ) on three dimensional nonlinear simulation of human TMJ forces in order to simulate the distribution and transfer of TMJ forces more realistically and logically. Materials and Methods: Combining helical CT scanning technology with three dimensional finite element method, together with Auto CAD software, three dimensional nonlinear finite element models were developed in vivo for comparison with the changes in the stress within the TMJ in different contact conditions. Results: The stresses on the surfaces of articular disc and condyle in the finite element models with contact elements between the disc and condyle were mainly distributed on their anterior and medial regions, and the stresses on other regions were relatively smaller. But, the stresses of those models without contact element were mainly distributed on their midposterior and medial aspacts. Moreover, the stress values were higher. When the friction coefficient was in the range of 0 0.15, the distribution extent and magnitude of the contact stress between the disc and the condyle in the TMJ were completely same. Meanwhile, the surface stresses on the disc and the condyle were nearly coincident in three ways of disc condyle contact, which were no friction contact, rigid contact and elastic contact. Conclusion: In the issue of disc condyle contact of simulating TMJ forces with three dimensional nonlinear method, the stress distribution in the joint with complete contact relationship between the disc and the condyle conforms more to the physiological condition. The lower friction coefficient ( 0 0.15 ) in the TMJ and various contact patterns between the disc and condyle had no evident influence on the stress distribution in the TMJ. Three dimensional nonlinear analysis for the forces in the TMJ might be more realistic and reasonable because of contact simulation among various structures within the TMJ.

AIM:To study the changes of tear film and ocular surface after the coaxial incision 2.5mm and 3.0mm in the phacoemulsification.METHODS: Seventy patients (92 eyes) from February 2015 to February 2016 in our hospital were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty-four patients (46 eyes) in Group A: coaxial 2.5mm incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation.Thirty-six patients (46 eyes) in Group B: the conventional coaxial 3.0mm small incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation.The break up time (BUT),Schirmer`s Ⅰ test (SⅠt) and lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.RESULTS: At 1wk,1 and 3mo postoperatively,the BUT in two groups decreased after operations,and the BUT of Group B was significantly lower than those of Group A,the differences were statistically significant (t=3.089,4.497,4.322;all P<0.05).The SⅠt in two groups increased after operations,the SⅠt of Group B was significantly higher than those of Group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6.286,-3.992,-3.278;all P<0.05).The LIPCOF score in two groups increased after operations,the LIPCOF score of Group B was significantly higher than those of Group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6.552,-5.131,-3.652;all P<0.05).At 6mo postoperatively,compared with the preoperative data,the BUT,SⅠt and LIPCOF score in Group A showed no statistically significant differences (t=0.646,0.551,0.165;P>0.05).The BUT,SⅠt and LIPCOF score in Group B showed statistically significant differences (t=-4.059,3.629,4.211;all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Ocular surface has less damage and tear film has little influence at early stage after the coaxial 2.5mm incision phacoemulsmcation,compared with the conventional coaxial 3.0mm incision phacoemulsification surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Eye Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Facility Design and Construction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Objective To know the status of professional knowledge and comprehensive abilities among graduates majoring in health laboratory science of laboratory medicine through selfevaluation,and to provide a scientific basis for adjusting the education plan. Methods A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to make a census of 92 graduates majoring in health laboratory science of laboratory medicine. Results More than 90% of graduates thought that their abilities of grasping basic knowledge and technology,practising ability,humanistic quality,innovative and practical ability were improved through 5year study. 11.6% of graduates thought that their abilities of experiment design,9.4% of graduates thought that their ability of basic experiment operation,9.2% of graduates thought that their abilities of grasping speciality English,and 9.1% of graduates thought that their oral expressing abilities were improved. Conclusion Though good effect on students’ability training was got through the reform in teaching methods and talent projects,more attention should be paid to innovative and practical ability training.

Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37) and Xiajuxu (ST 39) are considered as the lower He-sea points, which are located along the leg lines of stomach meridian of foot Yangming from top to bottom. According to the corresponding zang-fu of lower He-sea points, the distribution order from top to bottom is stomach, large intestine and small intestine. This is significantly different from digestive physiology function sequence of stomach, small intestine and large intestine in modern medicine. However, it conforms to their anatomical position from top to bottom. In order to make a further confirmation that the indication specificity of Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37) and Xiajuxu (ST 39) is closely associated with anatomical location, a great number of ancient and modern literature is reviewed. It is found that the functions of the three acupoints are obviously related to stomach, large intestine and small intestine, respectively, indicating that the sequence of Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37) and Xiajuxu (ST 39) is related to anatomical position of corresponding zang-fu. This study conclusion could play an important role for exploring the significance of anatomical location in indication specificity of acupoints.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; physiopathology ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Stomach ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of modified anterolateral approach and traditional approach in treating distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom September 2009 to December 2012,45 patients with distal tibiofibula fractures were performed reduction and interal fixation with modified anterolateral and traditional approaches. According to Ruedi-All-gower classification, 12 cases were type I ,26 cases were type II, 7 cases were type III. Among 45 patients,there were 16 males and 7 females with an average age of (36.3 +/- 7.2) years old (ranged from 23 to 47) years old in advanced group; while there were 14 males and 8 females with an average of (33.8 +/- 6.4) years old (ranged from 25 to 45) in tradtional group. Operation time, blood loss, complications of incision were compared, and AOFAS scores were evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months with an average of 21.7 months. In traditional group, operation time was (74.7 +/- 9.9) min, blood loss was (94.4 +/- 10.4) ml, and (73.7 +/- 10.0) min, (100.8 +/- 12.1) ml in advanced group,there was no significant meaning between two groups (P > 0.05); complications of insicion of advanced group was better than that of traditional group (chi2 = 4.078, P < 0.05); AOFAS score in advanced group (86.1 +/- 9.4) was better than that of traditional group, and had significant meaning (t = 3.787, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified anterolateral group,which has advantages of rapid recovery, less complications, is a good choice for closed distal tibiofibula fractures.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult