Interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) is a kind of special interstitial cell in the gastrointestinal tract,which has close connection with the smooth muscle cells and neuron cells.It is involved in gastrointestinal motility and nerve signal transduction and is considered as the pacemaker cell of slow wave of gastrointestinal tract.ICC which exists in the non-gastrointestinal organs such as biliary tract,urethra,bladder and so on is named interstitial Cajal-like cell (ICLC).This article will review the progress in the research of ICLC in the biliary system in terms of their morphology,identification,classification,function,distribution and related biliary diseases.

Objective To observe the effect of Compound Fuling Gancao Decoction(CFGD) on transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) in pulmonary artery of rats with pulmonary hypertension(PH),and to explore its therapeutic mechanism for PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomized into the normal control group,model group,and CFGD(5.46g?kg-1?d-1) group.PH rats models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline(50mg/kg).The mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP) in rats was detected with the method of right cardiac catheterization,right ventricular hypertrophy index was calculated,histological changes of lung small artery were analyzed with pathological image analysis,and TGF-?1 expression in pulmonary artery was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results MPAP and right ventricular hypertrophy index were enhanced obviously,the number of muscular arteries and partially-muscular arteries was increased,ratio of media area and luminal thickness in the muscular arteries became bigger,and TGF-?1 expression in pulmonary artery of the model group was increased.The above indexes were improved in CFGD group.Conclusion CFGD is effective on decreasing pulmonary pressure and improving pulmonary vascular remodeling,and its mechanism is probably related with the inhibition of TGF-?1 expression in pulmonary artery.

Objective To study the feasibility of repairing long bone defects with transplantation of vascular pedicled fibala with periosteum. Methods 72 healthy rabbits were divided randomly into three groups. Group A consisted of transplanation of single fibula, group Bwith transplantation of two fibulae without periosteum, and group C with transplanation of two fibulae with periosteum, to repair of a tibial defect of 10mm in length. Seram levels of ALP and BGP were determined, bone and mineral density were assessed by X-ray, and biomechanic index was assayed 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks after the transplantation. At the same time the condition of the bone healing and contour were observed. The 34 patients, operative procedure same as in of group C was performed. Results X-ray showed that the area of external callus was larger in C group compared with groups A,B, and the bone trabeculae appeared orderly. The transplanted fibula showed significant bone hypertrophy. Serum ALP and BGP and mineral density level were higher in group C than those in groups A, B. The difference showed statistical significance (P

Motion segment and extraction from continuous signals is the premise of surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis. For the problem that sEMG energy threshold required repeated manual testing to set, this the paper established a this mathematical model of continuous actions based on Gaussian sEMG energy curve, in which the energy threshold was set according to the distribution of Gaussian signal section, and differentiated the action signals from no-action signals combined with energy comparison method. The experiment results showed the method can achieve continuous repetitive action segmentation, and compared with manual segmentation of the same signal, has a higher degree of coincidence.
Algorithms ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Motion ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

?AlM:To observe the clinical effects of thelacrimal fistula excision combined with double silicone intubation in the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis with lacrimal fistula.? METHODS: Totally 25 cases ( 25 eyes ) of chronic dacryocystitis with lacrimal fistula were allocated into two groups:the double silicone intubation group of 13 cases (13 eyes) received lacrimal fistula excision combined with double silicone intubation, and the routine group of 12 cases (12 eyes) received routine dacryocystorhinotomy, we analyzed the curative effect.?RESULTS: The double silicone intubation group had a cure rate of 92. 3% (12 eyes), a effective rate of 100%, compared with the routine group had a cure rate of 91. 7%( 11 eyes ) , a effective rate of 100%, there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Lacrimal fistula excision combined with double silicone intubation has a same effect with routine dacryocystorhinotomy in the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis with lacrimal fistula, but less invasive, no scar, less pain, and meet the patients' esthetic needs.

BACKGROUND: Color Doppler flow imaging can exam the early myocardial disorder in type 2 diabetic patients. What does exercise tolerance test work for the examination of such disorder in combination with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) ?OBJECTIVE: To analyze in comparison the early evaluation on reduced diastolic function in left ventricle in patients with type 2 diabetes between the examinations of exercise tolerance test combined with color Doppler flow image and simple color Doppler flow imaging.DESIGN: Cases-controlled comparison and self-comparison.SETTING: Department of electrodiagnosis and department of Endocrinology in a municipal hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six cases of inpatients with type 2 diabetes were selected from Department of Endocrinology of Shenyang Red Cross Hospital from March to December in 2004, of which, 25 cases were males and 11cases females. The diabetic patients included had no cardiac vascular complications and participated in the study in volunteer. Thirty-two patients who received annual routine health check at the same period were selected as the control, of which, 20 cases were males and 12 cases females.METHODS: Metronics treadmill exercise test equipment was used for exercise tolerance in two groups. Before exercise(at quiescent state) and after exercise tolerance, Vivid 4 CDFI was used to determine flow velocity at E and A peak values respectively, ratio between flow velocities at E peak value and A peak value as well as isovolumtric relaxation time (IRT).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of cardiac functional indexes before and after exercise tolerance in two groups.RESULTS: Thirty-four diabetic patients accomplished exercise tolerance test, of which, 1 case presented frequent ventricular extrasystole, another one presented precordial pain and stopped the test. In the control, all of 32 cases ratio between flow rates of E peak value and A peak value was remarkably lower than that in the control (0. 90 ± 0. 25, 1.40 ± 0.30, P ＜ 0.05 ); IRT was remarkably longer than that in the control [ (112. 07 ± 20. 16),imental group, the ratio between flow rates of E peak value and A peak value was remarkably lower than that in the control (0.62 ±0. 12, 1.28 ±0.87, P＜ 0.01 ); IRT was remarkably longer than that in the control[ (138. 10± 19.21), (97.37±9.61) ms, P ＜0.01].CONCLUSION: CDFI can supervise and evaluate at early stage the cardiac functional changes in type 2 diabetic patients. Due to the induction of exercise tolerance, the combination of exercise tolerance test and CDFI provides more accurate, objective and valuable conclusions at early stage.

Objective To investigate the effect of perfusion and preservation with intragraft dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ (DPP Ⅳ) catalytic inhibitor on pulmonary function after lung transplantation in rats. Methods Pure SD rats were divided into six groups. Syngeneic rats (SD to SD) served as donors and recipients. Orthotopic lung transplantation model was used. Grafts of control groups (CONI and CON2) were flushed and preserved in LPD-glucoae exposed to 18 h of cold ischemia before transplantation. Peak airway pressure (PIP), blood gas (PO2), wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) of CON1 group were analyzed at first day after transplantation. In CON2 group, the 7-day survival rate post-transplantation was observed. Experimental groups were divided into four sub-groups (EXP1-EXP4), and grafts were perfused and stored for 18 h with LPD-glueose plus DPPⅣ catalytic inhibitor. The pulmonary function was detected at 1st (EXP1), 3rd (EXP2), 5th (EXP3), and 7th day (EXP4) posttransplantation, respectively. Results The rats in CON2 were died at 7th day post-transplantation,and all rats in EXP4 group survived to the 7th day post-transplantation. As compared with CON1 group, PIP, W/D, MPO activity and MDA content were reduced (P<0. 01 or 0. 05), and PO2 increased (P<0. 05) in EXP4 group. The pulmonary function of DPPⅣ catalytic inhibitor-perfused grafts from 1 to 7 days was improved and all tested parameters were close to normal at 7th day.Conclusion Perfusion and preservation with an inhibitor of CD26/DPP Ⅳ enzymatic activity obviously reduced severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury and was beneficial to the rehabilitation of grafts'pulmonary function.

Objective To study the effect of operation on transplanted fibula healing,which repaired long and thick and burnden bone defects by two fibula compound transplanation under periosteum with vascular loop. Methods Seventy-two healthy rabbits were divided randomly into three groups.Group A is the mono-fibular transplanation group;group B,the double fibular transplanation extra-periosteum and group C,the double fibular transplanation under-periosteum.Each group consisted of 24 rabbits.Animal models of 10mm tibial defects were established and three operation patterns were performed.the serum were obtained to determine the level of ALP and BGP bone and mineral density and biomechanic index at 2,4,8,12,16 weeks.4 rabbits of each group were examined roentgenographically and histologically.the condition of the bone healing and contour were observed.The different effects of each operation were compared with such observation index. Results The X-ray showed that the area of the external callus were larger in C groups than that in A,B and eht bone trabecula were in order,the fibula showed significant bone hypertrophy.the serum ALP,BGP and mineral density level were higher in C group than that in A,B.the difference has statistical significance (P

Objective: The study has been testing the efficiency of attention networks in Chinese adults. Methods: The study has used "ANT" to examine 76 normal Chinese adults and analysed the effect on alerting, orienting and executive attention. Results: The reaction time across whole ANT is 502-940(706?105)ms, and the correct ratio is 93%-100%(0.97?0.07).The alerting effect is 30?20ms, orienting effect 51?24ms, and conflict effect 106?32ms. Correlation analyses demonstrate no correlation between alerting, orienting, and conflict resolution. Conclusion: ANT produces reliable subject estimates of alerting, orienting and executive attention function.

Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture at bilateral ST36 (Zusanli) on attention networks in healthy subjects.Methods The attention network test was used to compare the effects of after acupuncture at ST36 with the effects of before acupuncture on the efficiency of three anatomically defined attention networks:alerting,orienting,and executive control in 40 health university students.Results The alerting network effect was significantly higher (t=4.125,P＜0.001) after acupuncture ((45.60±3.49) ms) than before acupuncture ((33.20±2.88) ms).The executive control network efficiency was significantly higher (t=2.638,P＜0.05) after acupuncture ((87.97±4.21) ms) than before acupuncture ((97.67±4.66) ms).The orienting network efficiency was higher after acupuncture than before acupuncture,but there was no significant difference (P＞0.05).The average reaction time was significantly lower (t=4.848,P＜0.001) after acupuncture ((559.13 ± 10.66) ms) than before acupuncture ((590.57±12.80) ms).Conclusions These results suggest that there are selective enhancements of the alerting and executive control networks after acupuncture,while the orienting network is spared.