Background Neovascular diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity often leads to irreversible vision loss.The study on oxidative damage mechanism is becoming more and more important.Whether brain derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) has protection to retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) has few research reports.Objective The study was to investigate the expression changes of BDNFin mouse retinas of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).Methods Thirty SPF C57BL/6J immature rats were divided into OIR group and normal control group and to fifteen rats for each group.OIR models were established by raising 7-day-old (P7) mice together with maternal mouse in (75±3) ％ oxygen environment for 5 days and then returned to the normal air environment,and the mice of the normal control group were raised in the normal air environment.The P17 mice were sacrificed for retinal histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the number of vascular endothelial cell nucleus extending the inner limiting membrane was counted.Whole retinal mounts were prepared after fluorescein isothiacyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) (9 ml/kg) was retrosorbitally injected,and the distribution of retinal vessels was observed in P17 mice.The relative expression levels of BNDF in retinas were detected in P13, P15, P17 mice, and the results were compared between the normal control group and the OIR group.Results Histopathological examination showed that retinal inner limiting membrane was smooth in the normal control group, but a lots of vascular endothelial cell nucleus extending the inner limiting membrane were seen under the optical microscope in the OIR group.The number of the vascular endothelial cell nucleus extending the inner limiting membrane was 1.70±0.68 in the normal group and 45.3±3.13 in the OIR group, showing significant difference between them (t =86.5, P =0.00).Whole retinal mount revealed that normal retinal vessels and network-like capillaries were exhibited in the mice in the normal group, while tortuous vessels,capillary loss and non-perfusion areas were revealed in the OIR group on the whole retina mounts.The relative expressing levels of BDNF in retinas were 263.992±9.451 and 218.432±9.710 in P15 and P17 mice in the OIR group,which were significantly higher than 230.324±7.779 and 115.846±7.305 in the normal control group (t=14.2,42.3 ,P＜0.05).Conclusions OIR can be inhibited by increasing the expression of BNDF.

Adult ; Farmer's Lung ; Female ; Humans

Objective To investigate the value of mammotome minimally invasive puncture drainage in the treatment of breast abscess.Methods 53 patients with the breast abscess were divided into minimally invasive group (27 cases)and open group(26 cases)according to the principle of completely random.The patients in the minimally invasive group were treated with mammotome minimally invasive puncture drainage under the ultrasound guidance.The patients in the open group underwent conventional breast abscess incision and drainage.All the patients were treated with systemic anti -infection and symptomatic treatment.Then,we collated and analyzed the statistical data from the operation time,postoperative pain time,pain degree,number of dressing,healing time,postoperative breast feeding and breast appearance aspects.Results There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups.In the minimally invasive group,the time of pain,the degree of pain,the time of dressing change,the healing time,the proportion of nursing and the appearance of the breast were (2.6 ±0.8)d,(2.1 ±0.2)min,(7.3 ±0.6)times, (1 8.0 ±0.1 )d,81 .5%,(3.5 ±0.2)points respectively.Those in the open group were (5.2 ±0.2)d,(3.3 ± 0.3)min,(28.0 ±0.2)times,(30.0 ±0.8)d,26.9%,(2.1 ±0.2)points respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t =-3.38,-5.1 2,-5.61 ,-5.39,χ2 =32.25,t =-6.1 2,all P <0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive treatment is a good method in the treatment of breast abscess,and deserved to be promoted clinically.

BACKGROUND:The bony crista has been found in the distal humeral medullary cavity,but its specific morphological characteristics and clinical significance are not clear.OBJECTIVE:To study the morphology of bony crista inside the distal intramedullary of the human humerus and its potential clinical relevance.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:CT scanning and measurement as well as visualized observation to the specimen for the dry adult humeri was performed at CT Room and Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital,Nanchang University from June to December 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 80 dry adult humeri (left:49;right:31) were purchased from the Department of Anatomy,Medical College of Nanchang University,excluding the fractured and lesion humerus.METHODS:The low 1/3 of eighty human humeri were scanned by 16 layer spiral CT.The morphological features of the intramedullary bony prominence above the olecranon fossa was described in terms of coronal plane,sagittal plane and transverse section after three-dimensional reconstruction.The low 1/3 of twenty humeri were then split vertically in the middle line in coronal plane,to view the intramedullary bony crista directly.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The bony crista mainly located on the medial or lateral side,the range of the bas'dar part of the bony crista,alinement characteristic of the bony crista.RESULTS:The extent of intramedullary bony crista ranged from 1.9 to 3.2 cm (mean 2.6 cm) above the olecranon fossa,the density similar to cortical bone,with an basement posterior,and medial part and lateral side intero-inferiody incline.59 out of the 80 humeri,medial side dorminated;on the rest humeri the lateral side dorminated.2 or 3 parallel lines on the dorminate side,irregular alignment on the other side.CONCLUSION:The study described the morphology of the distal intramedullary bony crista of the humerus,which has never been reported so far.In addition,its clinical relevance in terms of the internal fixation of fracture on the distal humerus and elbow arthroplasty was also demonstrated.

Objective To study the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound in carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) .Methods Forty-five patients with CEA were examined and analyzed by TCD and CDFI.The position, range,character,diameter,stenosis rate were measured by CDFI and collateral flow by TCD before CEA.The intraop-erative CDFI was applied to confirm the flow and the flaps in carotid artery.TCD monitoring of middle cerebral blood flow in CEA to assess whether use shunt technique and cerebral hyper-perfusion.CDFI was applied to assess patency and intimal hyperplasia of carotid artery.Results Seventeen low echo plaques,twelve high echo plaques and sixteen hypoechogenicity echo plaques in forty-five patients with internal carotid stenosis were found by color Doppler ultra-sound.Blood flow volume increased significantly in the ispilateal internal carotid arteries and middle cerebral arteris after operation.Carotid artery restenosis was not found by color Doppler ultrasound after CEA.Conclusion Applica-tion of color Doppler in CEA is valuable in the diagnosis of internal carotid stenosis,intraoperative monitoring and in the evaluation of effect.

Objective:To investigate the expression of myocardium connexin 43 (Cx43) in late exercise preconditioning (LEP) cardioprotection.Methods: Eight-week-old adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=8). Myocardial injury was judged in accordance with serum levels of cTnⅠ and NT-proBNP as well as hematoxylin basicfuchsin picric acid staining of myocardium.Cx43mRNA was detected byin situhybridization and qualified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Cx43 protein was localized by immunohistochemistry and its expression level was determined by western blotting.Results:The LEP obviously attenuated the myocardial ischemia/hypoxia injury caused by exhaustive exercise. There was no significant difference of Cx43mRNA level between the four groups. Cx43 protein level was decreased significantly in group EE (P<0.05). However, LEP produced a significant increase in Cx43 protein level (P<0.05), and the decreased Cx43 protein level in exhaustive exercise was significantly up-regulated by LEP (P<0.05).Conclusions:LEP protects rat heart against exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury by up-regulating the expression of myocardial Cx43.

BACKGROUND:COX-2 gene actual y exists in the joint fibroblast-like synoviocytes, it affects osteoarthritis occurrence and development. Understanding the differences of COX-2 gene expression levels at different stages of osteoarthritis synoviocytes has important theoretical significance for the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis, as wel as the role of synoviocytes in this process.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the difference of COX-2 mRNA at different stages of osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
METHODS:Synovial membrane from 44 osteoarthritis patients and 12 normal cases were selected. Primary cells were cultured to passage 4 fibroblast-like synoviocytes for the use in the experiment. COX-2 mRNA expression in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and normal fibroblast-like synoviocytes was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The relative quantitative analysis was performed using 2-ΔΔCt method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Expression of COX-2 mRNA in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes was significantly higher than that in normal fibroblast-like synoviocytes (P<0.05). The expression levels reached a peak at early osteoarthritis group, with significant differences compared with middle and late osteoarthritis groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between middle and later osteoarthritis groups (P>0.05). COX-2 mRNA might be important biological marker for the inflammation in osteoarthritis, and mainly plays a role in early osteoarthritis stage.

Objective To review our clinical experience on 12 patients with retroperitoneal infection who were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic debridement.Method This retrospective study included 12 patients with retroperitoneal infection who were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic dehridement and drainage.Results All the 12 patients recovered well and were finally discharged home.Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic debridement and drainage for retroperitoneal infection is a mini-invasive procedure.It was found to be safe,produced minimal bleeding and resulted in rapid postoperative recovery.It can be used as the first choice treatment in properly selected patients.

Objective:To investigate the roles and regulation mechanism of miR-31 in human cutaneous squamous cell carcino-ma (cSCC) growth. Methods:cSCC cells were transfected with the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) of miR-31, and the cSCC growth was tested by colony formation and in vivo tumor formation assays. The target gene of miR-31 was validated by Western blot and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter assay. The cells were then transfected with the siRNA of the target gene, and the effect of the target gene on cell growth was preformed by colony formation assay. Finally, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used for analy-sis of the expression of miR-31 and its target gene. Results:miR-31 ASO resulted in a low number of cell colonies and small tumor vol-ume (P<0.05). Western blot showed that the cells with miR-31 ASO had a higher protein level of large tumor suppressor homolog 2 (LATS2) than the control. The 3' UTR of LATS2 had a binding site with miR-31, and miR-31 ASO increased the GFP intensity con-trolled by LATS2 3' UTR, whereas no effect was observed on the mutant LATS2 3' UTR. Western blot showed that LATS2 siRNA inhib-ited the expression of LATS2 protein by about 80%. Knocking down of LATS2 increased the colony number by about 70%or 1.3-fold in cSCC cells. Real-time PCR showed that miR-31 was overexpressed in most cSCC tissues, compared with normal tissues. An inverse relationship existed between miR-31 and LATS2 expression levels. Immunohistochemistry validated that LATS2 was downregulated in cSCC tissues. Conclusion:miR-31, which functions as an oncogene, promotes cSCC growth by suppressing LATS2 expression. Our da-ta suggest that miR-31 is a potential miRNA-based therapeutic target for cSCC growth.

Super-selective transcatheter prostatic arterial embolization is a newly-developed minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia with good maneuverability, safety and fewer complications. The short-term and mid-term follow-up has proved that it has higher clinical efficacy in improving the quality of life by alleviating lower urinary tract symptoms. It emerges as an innovative technology in urology and interventional radiology. In order to ensure a successful procedure with satisfactory clinical outcome the most important considerations when performing prostatic arterial embolization are to precisely identify the prostatic artery, to correctly differentiate the anastomoses with surrounding arteries, and to properly select embolic agents. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review on the progress and current situation of prostatic arterial embolization with a focus on the clinical issues and technical challenges.