This review is to provide an overview of current situation and advance of abdominal compartment syndrome. Progress has been made in diagnosis and therapy of abdominal compartment syndrome. At present patients who are diagnosed as abdominal compartment syndrome are associated with a high mortality rate. Therefove, it is important to diagnoze and treat the disease early. Surgical treatment of increased intraabdominal pressure leads in most instances to a rapid and profound correction of the physiological abnormalities. Operative treatment is the unique and effective approach of abdominal compartment syndrome.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC)are a class of breast cancer cells that have the capacity of selfrenewal and can differentiate into different cell lineages. These cells, with the ability of high tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, play a important role in breast cancer metastasis, recurrence and treatment resistance. The treatments targeting on breast cancer stem cells are very important for improving the efficacy of clinical therapy.

Stent implantation plays a more and more important role in the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis. Metal stents are most commonly used in the clinical practice, which can be classified into permanent stents and temporary retrieval stents. Permanent implantation of metal stents is easy to cause complications such as inflammatory hyperplasia, in-stent restenosis, perforation, bleeding, etc. Temporary retrieval stents should be removed with one week after it is implanted in order to avoid esophageal scar tissue repair and in-stent tissue hyperplasia, which can cause difficulty in its removing and produce higher recurrence rate of esophageal restenosis. Clinically, drug-eluting stents have already been used in cardiovascular system procedures, but at present the gastrointestinal drug-eluting stents are still in development and animal experiment stage. Biodegradable magnesium alloy stents have been widely employed in cardiovascular system procedures. With the rapid development of biological engineering materials, drug-eluting magnesium alloy stent has become a hot spot and the frontier in research field. This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the current research status and prospect of the drug-eluting magnesium alloy stents, focusing on the stent technology, stent molding, coating modification, and the treatment of drug-eluting.

The authors report one case of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with multiple liver metastases. A patient was a 41-year-old female. In 2010, B-ultrasound examination revealed that there were multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver, and hepatic hemangiomas was considered to be the diagnosis. Then, the patient was followed up regularly. In Aug. 2013, B-ultrasound examination indicated that the hepatic lesions were significantly enlarged. Multi-detector CT scanning and MRI examination were performed, and still the diagnosis of multiple hepatic hemangiomas was suggested. On CT and MRI the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed hypervascular tumor with “fast-in and slow-out” enhancement pattern. On MRI, the lesion was characterized by multiple nodules. Needle biopsy was carried out, and the pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis was metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. Systemic examination did not find the primary lesion. Therefore, primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with intra- hepatic metastases was diagnosed. The patient was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The drugs used were 100 mg Oxaliplatin+one bottle of gelatin sponge particles(300-500μm)+10 ml iodized oil, and micro-pump infusion of 100 mg oxaliplatin(99 mg/h) through catheter was also employed. Clinically, primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare. In combination with the medical literatures, the authors attempt to make a preliminary discussion on the clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the effects of ulinastatin on the level of MIF in rats with acute necrotic pancreatitis. Method: 52 healthy Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group(group C, 12), ANP group(group A, 20)and UTI group(group U, 20). Severe acute pancreatitis rat model in group A were induced by injection of 315 % sodium taurocholate through retrogradely common biliopancreatic ducts via papilla duodeni. After inducing the rat model of ANP through the way above, rats in group U were treated by ulinastatin through portal vein injection. Pancreas and duodenum were only flipped after opening abdominal cavity in group C. Then rats were killed at 3rd, 6th ,12th ,24th hour after operation respectively. Cut the belly open at once, and draw blood in postcava. The levels of serum MIF were determined with ELISA. Blood amylase was detected through biochemistry instrument. Resected pancreas tissues was scored according to the standard of Kusske. Result: Compared to the normal control group, the level of serum MIF , blood amylase and histopathological scores were significantly increased in ANP group, P

Objective:To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine on the blood glucose,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in perioperative patients with neurosurgery.Methods:50 patients with meningioma who were ready to accept craniotomy in department of neurosurgery of our hospital from February 2016 to November 2016 were enrolled,they were randomly divided into research group and control group,with 25 patients in each group.The research group was given DEX 1.0 μg/kg at 10 min before anesthesia,which was added in 0.9％ sodium chloride injection 50 mL,the injection was finished in 10 min,then the DEX change to the rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h.Control group was given 0.9％ sodium chloride injection with constant rate and volume.Record heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood glucose,serum TNF-α,IL-6 levels of the two groups at 10min before anesthesia(T1),after the anesthesia (T2),the beginning of surgery(T3),1 hour after the surgery beginning(T4),the end of surgery(T5).Results:Compared with T1,HR of the two groups at T2 and T3 raised significantly,but research group was lower than control group(P＜0.05);In research group,compared with T1,MAP at T3 raised significantly;in control group,compared with T1,MAP at T3 and T4 raised significantly,but MAP of research group at T3 and T4 were lower than control group (P＜0.05).Compared with T1,blood glucose of the two groups at T2,T3,T4 and T5 raised sig-nificantly,but the research group at same points were lower than control group (P＜0.05).Serum TNF-α,IL-6 levels of control group at T2,T3 and T4 were significantly higher than T1 (P＜0.05),which in research group at different time points had no significant change (P＞0.05),and were lower than control group at T2,T3 and T4 (P＜0.05).Conclusion:DEX could maintain stable hemodynamics,antiinflammation,inhibit elevated blood glucose,so as to reduce the inflammatory response and stress response in patients with neurosurgery,then it could promote these patients postoperative recovery.

Objective To discuss the technique and value of preoperative reformatting with three-dimensional computed tomography technique for C_2 pedicle screw track.Methods GE Light Speed 16 Pro spinal CT scans of 15 adult dry vertebrae were loaded into an imaging station (software ADW4.2).Two methods of C_2 pedicle screw techniques were analyzed through virtual screw trajectory by VR (volume rendering) and MPR (multiple planar reformatting) techniques,in method A,screw entry point was the intersection between the media-vertical and the cranial line of C_2 inferior facet joint,in method B,the screw track was from the cranial and medial quadrant of the dorsal part of C_2 inferior facet joint.Results The screw track could be observed dynamically from any plane.Two vertebrae were ob- served with smaller height in isthmus and the medial edge of the transverse foramen since no space was a- vailable for the screw.The screw trajectories data were compared between method A and method B,which showed that the angles towards the cephalad (in sagittal plane) and midline (in transverse plane) were bigger in method A than in method B (P＜0.05,0.01),but the safe screw diameter was smaller in method A than in method B (P＜0.05),and there was no difference of the screw length between the two methods(P＜0.05 ).Conclusion In this research,the individual C_2 pedicle screw entry points, screw diameter and security screw angle can be simulated,and the screw track can be observed dynami- cally to make sure if it transits the bone structure completely.Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography reformatting for pedicle screw track is of great value in clinical and basic researches.

Objective The purpose of this paper was to use a new biphasic poroelastic tibia model to develop a two-dimensional numerical method for simulating impact responses of human tibia in car-pedestrian accidents. Methods The geometry of tibia model was reconstructed from CT scans of the left tibia of a living human volunteer. A poroelastic approach was utilized to establish the governing equations of the model and the finite element method was applied to solve these governing equations. Both cortical and cancellous components of tibia were represented using a poroelastic material model consisting of solid phase (matrix) and fluid phase (marrow). A lateral-medial impact direction was selected in the simulation analysis and the impact responses of the pedestrian tibia during 0-200 ms were analyzed. Results The bending deformation of the tibia predicted by the computer simulation was primarily concentrated on the impact zones. The displacement response of Node 107 in the impact zone indicated a peak displacement of -6 mm at around 75 ms, and the significant time delay between the impact force and the displacement response of the skeleton. The axial stress response at the center of element E77 in the impact zone indicated a peak stress of 140 MPa at around 30 ms,and the significant time delay was observed between the impact force and the axial stress response of the skeleton, too. Conclusion This research developed a two-dimensional numerical method for simulating impact responses of human tibia in car-pedestrian accidents. It was able to approximately simulate the bending deformation, lateral displacement response and axial stress response of pedestrian tibia in the impact zones,and the effects of the fluid phase on the solid phase. More in-depth investigation is helpful to further the biofidelity of tibia dynamics model.

Objective To study the influence of nursing interventin on compliance of patients with allergic rhinitis undergoing immunotherapy.Methods Patients with allergic rhinitis undergoing immunotherapy from October of 2003 to October of 2005 and from Novermber 2005 to August 2007 were named the control group and test group respectively.Only the test group received nursing intervention.The compliance of the patients was investigated with subsequent cause analysis.The compliance de-gree and its influencing factors in the two groups were compared.Results The complete complianceof the test group was 80.5%,which was statistically different from that of the control group(68.9%,P<0.01).The difference between adult patients of the two groups was also evidently different(P<0.05).But the difference between children patients of the two groups was not evidently different(P>0.05).Statistical difference existed between children and adult patients in the control group as well as in the testgroup(P<0.01).The uncontrollable factors in the test group reduced while the controllable factors increased.Conclusion The nursing intervention could improved patients compliance with immunotherapy in that it reduced the uncontrollable factors among the reasons causing uncompliance.It worth widely being applied in clinic.

Objective To summarize experience of diagnosis and treatment of the mucin-producing bile duct tumors(MPBTs). Methods Clinicopathological features of 7 patients with MPBT undergoing surgery from Nov 2002 to May 2005,were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical radiography characteristics and the resection type were summarized respectively. Results Fluctuant iaundice was the most common manifestation of MPBTs,with different characteristics of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography when compared with gallbladder carcinoma,hilar cholangiocarcinoma and distal bile duct cancer.All the 7 patients with MPBT underwent successful surgical resection and were cured. Conclusion Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of MPBTs made it possible to achieve long-term survival of these patients.