This paper reported a new method of Armillaria mellea isolation-Gastrodia elata tissue isolating. Compared with normal isolating method-rhizomorph isolating method, it showed that the success rate of new method (78% ) was higher than the rhizomorph isolating method (16% ) , besides this, the new method was easier, and growth characteristic of obtained strain was superior to that obtained from rhizomorph isolating method.

Objective To explore the causal influences between activated regions in executive control network when participants were performing attention network test (ANT)under passive hyperthermia using Granger causality analysis.Methods Thirty male healthy participants which were randomly divided into control group (n=1 5)and experimental group (n=1 5)performed ANT task during two thermal conditions:hyperthermic condition (50℃)and normothermic condition (20℃)during functional magnetic reso-nance imaging.The data processing was performed using statistical parametric mapping 8 (SPM8).Granger causality analysis was performed on the resulted activated regions,as well as the correlations of the GC values with the reaction time in both groups.Results Between-group comparisons on Granger causality analysis revealed significantly enhanced influences of anterior cingulate gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and bidirectional influences between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right superior parietal lobule,but decreased influence between right superior parietal lobule and right inferior parietal lobule.The correlation analysis showed significant correlation between GC value of right superior parietal lobule to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the reaction time in control group (r=-0.558,P =0.031),but yet there was no significant correlation in experimental group (r=0.355,P =0.257).Conclusion Heat stress affected the causal influences within the executive control network,which subse-quently disrupted the executive control performance during passive hyperthermia.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of intra-operative implantation of I125 seeds to treat advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 28 patients who underwent intra-operative implantation of I125 between January 2009 and June 2010 to treat advanced pancreatic cancer.Patients who received conservative treatment (n =136) at the same period were used as the control group.Results The mean tumor diameter was (5.7 ± 1.7) cm.The average number of implanted seeds were 50.There were no patients who suffered from pancreatic fistula or post-operative bleeding,and no patient died from the treatment.Twenty-five patients were regularly followed up,and the follow-up rate was 85.7％.The survival rates at one month,half a year and one year were 100％,70.8％ and 26.9％,respectively.The average survival time was (9.9 ± 1.4) months.The survival data were significantly higher than that in the control group.Conclusion Intra-operative implantation of I125 seeds was an efficacious treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion using BTwin expandable spinal spacer with microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for lumbar disc herniation accompanying degenerative instability.MethodsFrom March 2006 to May 2010,87 patients with lumbar disc heniation (only one level) accompanying degenerative instability were managed with posterior lumbar interbody fusion using B-Twin with MED,includeing 49 males and 38 females with an average of 47.6 years(range,37-65).Objective level located in L3,4 in 2 cases,L4,5 in 43,and L5S1 in 41.The patients were treated with single BTwin(Single group,n=51) and double B-Twin(Double group,n=36).Clinical outcomes were evaluated with surgical time,blood loss,visual analogue scale (VAS) scores,Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODI),and the pre- and post-operative disk space heights.ResultsThe patients were followed up for an average of 35.8months (range,12-46).All the patients felt the low back pain and radiation pain disappeared or relieved apparently.The mean preoperative ODI and VAS scores decreased from 78％±3％ to 18％±3％,and (8.70±11.3)to (0.65±10.48) at the final follow-up respectively.Disc space increased from a pre-operative height of (8.76±1.3) mm to a post-operative of (11.8±0.6) mm.ODI,VAS and the disk space heights in all patient showed statistical significance,which revealed no statistical significance between the two groups.However,the operation time,blood loss were statistical difference between the two groups.All the patients achieved solid union or probable union at a mean time of 5.6 months (range,3.9-8.6).ConclusionPosterior lumbar interbody fusion using B-Twin with MED can obtain satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation accompanying degenerative instability.Single B-Twin can get similar clinical outcomes,but shorter surgical time,less blood loss,and less medical costs.

Objective To explore changes of brain function among patients with partial epilepsy in resting state by using the blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques.Methods fMRI scanning was performed in resting state among 60 patients with partial epilepsy and 60 gender,age and educational levels matched normal controls.The functional connectivity analysis was applied to calculate the default mode network ( DMN ) functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI.SPM5 was used to analyze differences in functional connectivity between the two groups( P ＜0.001,cluster ＞50).Results Left precuneus and adjacent posterior cingulate cortex ( Pcu/PCC),angular gyrus,and cingulate gyrus were involved in the DMN of epileptic patients.By contrast,the DMN of controls included left Pcu/PCC,right angular gyrus,bilateral medial frontal lobe and temporal lobe.Compared with normal controls,patients with partial epilepsy showed a significantly decrease in functional connectivity of DMN region such as left inferior parietal lobule,supramarginal gyrus,parahippocampa gyrus and superior temporal gyrus,and bilateral uncus,while no regions were found increased functional connectivity in patients group.Conclusions Patients with partial epilepsy show abnormal changes in functional connectivity of DMN in resting state by fMR],which may associate with the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy.The findings demonstrate that the resting-state fMRI might detect the extensive changes of brain function in partial epilepsy with negative results of conventional MRI,suggestive of fMRI as an effective and non-invasive method to explore brain function in epilepsy.

In 3D visualization of human skeleton, distinguishing bones from soft tissue in 2D CT slides is the first and most critical procedure. This article presents the methods for image pre-processing, segmentation and smoothing. 1733 CT images of human body from Visible Human Project provided by the American National Library of Medicine are treated in this paper. We use the technique of Chebyshev uniform approximation filtering for denoising and present a new simple adaptive threshold method in segmentation, which combines the similarity of consecutive slices with the region-growing method. In post-processing, we use the algorithms of mathematical morphology and multi-resolution filtering. The accuracy of segmentation is examined and certified by comparing the segmented images with the original one. The results also demonstrate a wide applicability of the method.
Algorithms ; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Bone and Bones ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Skeleton ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of primary renal lymphomas ( PRL) , and to discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the tumors. Methods Clinical data of 19 patients with PRL from January 2005 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Result The 19 patients in this study, there were 11 males and 8 females and the age ranged from 37 to 85 years old (averaged 55). Patients were mainly presented with unilateral renal masses, with lumbodynia as the main symptom. 13 patients underwent nephrectomy, 6 patients underwent renal biopsy and 17 patients received CHOP or R-CHOP chemotherapy. All of them were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin’ s lymphoma, with 14 cases of diffuse large B cell lym-phoma (DLBCL) (73. 684%, 14/19), 4 cases of B cell small cell lymphoma (21. 053%, 4/19), and 1 cases of T cell lymphoma (5. 263%, 1/19). Follow-up information was available in 15 patients. 12 were still alive and survived for 1~78 months, while the other 3 were dead with 1 case who died of cerebral infarction, and survived for 3~38 months ( averaged 23 months) . Conclusion PRL is an extranodal lymphoma which is rare in kidney and is often misdiagnosed as renal carcinomas due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of PRL can be confirmed by histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and molecular analy-sis. The majority of the lymphomas are B cell lymphomas and most of them are DLBCL. The recommended treatment is surgery com-bined with chemotherapy and the prognosis is associated with the age, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor types and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of modified femoral prosthesis applied in the initial posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom April 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013, 156 patients with knee osteoarthritis underwent posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty by the same director of orthopedic surgeon. Sixty-one patients were treated with modified femoral prosthesis, including 7 males and 54 females, with an average age of (68.34 +/- 5.41) years old; and 95 patients were treated with conventional designed femoral prosthesis, including 14 males and 81 females, with an average age of (69.92 +/- 5.11) years old. Indexes including age, body mass index, Insall-Salvati index, type of prosthesis, occurrence rate of patella click syndrome, postoperative line of force of lower extremity and postoperative function of the knee joint were observed and recorded. And American Knee Society (AKS) score was used to evaluate the clinical results.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 36 to 56 weeks, with a mean of 45.31 weeks. Among patients in the conventional designed femoral prosthesis group, 7 patients had patella click syndrome, but there was no patient having patellar click syndrome in the modified femoral prosthesis group. Postoperative knee activity of patients in the modified femoral prosthesis group was (110.98 +/- 10.32) degrees, which was better than (107.05 +/- 8.61) degrees in the conventional designed femoral prosthesis group. The AKS score in the modified femoral prosthesis group was 129.79 +/- 9.63 during 21 to 28 days after operation, which was higher than 126.85 +/- 7.79 in the conventional designed femoral prosthesis group.

CONCLUSIONNew designed femoral components are effective to reduce the occurrence rate of postoperative patellar click syndrome and obtain better early functional recovery from knee surgery.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the impact and protective mechanisms of head cooling on neural activity during passive hyperthermia.Methods Sixteen subjects were randomly exposed for 1 h to three different conditions: normal (25℃), hot (50℃) and head cooling (chamber:50℃,cold packs:5℃),after environment exposure, rs-fMRI were performed.Regional homogeneity(ReHo) datum at three different conditions were analyzed by REST2.0 to obtain brain areas with statistical difference.Brain voxel with statistical difference were selected as ROIs to ReHo values and were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA with SPSS18.0.Neural activity of brain areas with statistical difference were compared in any two groups by Post hoc.Results The brain regions showing differences among three groups included right orbital frontal cortex,left middle frontal gyrus,bilateral amygdala,left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,bilateral parietal inferior, left precentral gyrus.Compared with normal group, ReHo increased in right orbital frontal cortex, and decreased in left precentral gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,left parietal inferior,but no changed in bilateral amygdala,left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,right parietal inferior in head cooling group.Compared with hot group,head cooling group showed increased ReHo in left middle temporal gyrus,left hippocampus,right parietal inferior,and decreased ReHo in bilateral amygdala,left parietal inferior,unchanged ReHo in right orbital frontal cortex, left precentral gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus.Conclusion The specified alterations of ReHo may reflect that the head cooling could partially eliminate the impact of passive hyperthermia, and is closely linked with emotional function.

A rapid analytical method was developed for the determination of N-methylcarbamoyl adduct in Hemoglobin of workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ( UPLC/MS/MS). About 0. 1 g of hemoglobin sample, 40 μmol/L of 3-methyl-5-isopropylhydantoin (MIH) as the internal standard and 4. 75 mL of HCl-acetic acid (2∶1, V/V) were added in the centrifuge tube, and mixed for 3 min. Then the tube was heated in boiling water bath for 1h. After cooling down, 200 μL of the mixture and 600 μL of formic acid-acetonitrile (1%) were added into 96-well extract plate. The vacuum pump pressure was controlled to make the sample collection elute within 2-4 min.The purified collection was transferred into the sample vial, and 3-methyl-5-isopropylhydantoin ( MVH ) as degration product of N-methylcarbamoyl adduct was quantified by UPLC/MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) by internal standard method. A good linear relationship was obtained in the MVH concentration range of 0 . 01-1 . 0 μmol/L with the correlation coefficient of 0 . 999 . The recovery of added MVH in the blank sample was 97 . 3% and the relative standard deviation was 1 . 7%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0. 01 μmol/g. This method was proved to be fast and efficient.