Objective To assess the quality of literature on randomized or semirandomized clinical controlled trials of fire needling treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.Method Acomputer search assisted by a manual search was conducted of CBM (1979—2015), CNKI (1979—2015), VIP (1989—2015),Wanfang digital periodical group(1998—2015), PubMed (1966—2015), EMbase (1980—2015) and Cochrane Library (Issue4, 2015).Randomizedor semir and omized clinical controlled trials were included.Two reviewers extracted data independently and checked them each other.The methodological quality of research design, diagnostic and inclusion/exclusion criteria, intervening measures for fire needling/control group,efficacy evaluation criteriaand observation time points, and adverse reaction reporting were assessed according toCochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.8.Ameta-analysis was made of homogeneity studies.The GRADE approach ratedsystem outcomes.ResultA total of sevenr and omized controlled trialswere included.Four included studies made a comparison between fire needling andmedication (analgesic+ antirheumatic) groups andthere was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy rate [RR=1.22, 95%CI(0.97, 1.52)].GRADE ratingwas very low.Internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and general evaluation methodswere still not used universally.Conclusion The current clinical reports show that fire needling treatment has some effect on rheumatoid arthritis, but it still needs related evidence support.

Great progress has been made in tissue engineering cornea construction (i.c.constructing human corneal equivalence by using tissue engineering technique) during the past 20 years.However,a kind of tissue engineering cornea which can be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent is yet to be availablc.Scaffold is an indispensable part of tissue engineering cornea.Searching for some kinds of scaffolds with good biocompability,some extent of biodegradation and euough biomechanics property are the issue needing to be resolved immediately in the tissue engineering cornea filed.This article reviewed the development of tissue engineering cornea scaffolds,represented the merits and defects of different scaffolds in order to optimize the project of choosing scaffolds and furthermore lay the foundation for constructing a kind of tissue engineering cornea which may be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent in the future.

Objective To evaluate the influence of ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium files root preparation on root canal filling . Methods 30 cases of molars pulpitis and 20 cases of premolars pulpitis or periapical periodontitis were equally divided into two groups .The group A(30 cases) used the ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium files in root canal preparation and the group B (30 cases) adopted the common K files modified step-back technique for root canal preparation .The influence of the root preparation by 2 sets of apparatus on the effect of root canal filling ,and the several aspects of the root canal filling time ,the matching degree of main root canal file and master gutta-percha ,proper filling rate ,postoperative reaction of root canal filling were compared for conducting the e-valuation .Results In the mean root canal filling time of the group A ,average premolar time was 4 min 25 s and molar was 1 min 30 s ,however in the group B ,average premolar was 5 min 30 s and molar was 11 min 41 s ,the time in the group A was greatly short-ened with statistical difference(P<0 .05);the matching degree of main root canal file and master gutta-percha in the group A was 86 .37% for premolar and 88 .89% for molar ,however in the B group ,which was 62 .50% for premolar and 26 .67% for molar ,the matching degree in the group A was greatly improved with statistical difference between them (P<0 .05);the proper filling rate of upper premolar from the X-ray film was 72 .73% in the group A and 70 .83% in the group B ,while which of molar was 80 .0% in the group A and 77 .78% in the group B ,here was no statistical difference between them (P>0 .05);the postoperative pain reaction of root canal filling in both groups were very low and weak without statistical difference .Conclusion The ProTaper rotary nickel-titanium files root preparation can accelerate the root canal filling speed ,improve the matching degree of main root canal files and master gutta-percha and simplify the root-filling therapy procedure .

Spinal cord injury is a common clinical disease .Cell apoptosis is one of important pathogeneses for spinal cord in-jury, and apoptotic gene plays a very important role in apoptosis on spinal cord injury .Chinese medicine for blood-activating and stasis-dissolving has a good therapeutic effect for spinal cord injury by reducing inflammation , inhibiting apoptosis and improving microcircu-lation.In this paper, we review the research of chinese medicine for activating blood and resolving stasis during the regulation of apoto -sis gene in spinal cord injury based on related documents in the recent five years .

The Medical Care Act of Japan has undergone five major revisions since it went into effect in 1947. Each revision has been designed to target and tackle main problems found in the medical and health sector in the country. These problems range from the making of regional healthcare plans to the establishment of the hospital with specific functions, from the division of rehabilitation beds to the establishment of nursing insurance scheme, from the birth of medical corporations to the establishment of social medical corporations, and from strengthening of non-profit nature of medical institutions to the construction of medical information system. These efforts were made to provide a safe and convenient health service for the Japanese people. These revisions are closely related to hospital management, and its experiences prove useful for the health reform in China.

The clinician training system in Japan is different from that in China as their medical students are allowed to take medical doctor examination immediately following their graduation.But they must undergo at least two years of training in basic clinical knowledge and skills prior to taking any clinical practice.This training system is inspirational for us as follows:China should include standardized training of residents into the law of medical practitioners,and medical graduates must take two years of knowledge training in full medicine before they are qualified for clinical practice.On top of this training,they need to undergo at least three years of specialized doctor training,making them competent clinicians with comprehensive knowledge coverage and outstanding skills in specific areas following such staged training.

For medical insurance systems, medical expense examination is a key measure to keep medical expenses under control. In 1948, Japan established an examination authority of legal person status to operate the medical expense examination. Based on years of modifications and improvement in the organizational system and operation mechanism, the system is running smoothly by now. Authors of this paper made a detailed introduction to the specific operations of such a system, and to China's local features as well. On such basis, the study proposed to build in China a third-party medical expense examination institution as a legal entity, and practice the reexamination system and information disclosure system, in an effort to safeguard legitimate rights of insurance organizations and medical institutions.

Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a novel cancer suppressor cytokine. It can suppress cancer cell growth, induce cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, stimulate the PBMC secretion of cytokines, and enhance the antitumor activity of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeting gene-virotherapy. It is reasonable to suggest that IL-24 may be a powerful and effective protocol for combinatorial cancer treatment in the clinic.

Objective To investigate the cytotoxicity of ADM-PBCA-NP on L-02 cells.Methods L-02 cells were cultured in vitro and the LDH activity of supernatant liquid of culture cells was examined.The toxicity of ADM-PBCA-NP,ADM and PBCA-NP to L-02 cells by the MTT assay was also determined,and the haemolysis function of PBCA-NP with different concentrations was detected.Results The cytotoxicity of ADM-PBCA-NP,ADM and blank PBCA nanoparticles to L-02 cells under the 10-6 mol/L concentration range was not cytototic(grade 1).LDH activity of supernatant liquid of culture cells showed no differences between the 3 groups.Conclusions Nanoparticles of ADM-NP and PBCA-NP in the 10-6 mol/L concentration range have no significant toxic effect on L-02 hepatic cells;and in a certain concentration range,the cell compatibility is excellent and will not lead to hemolysis.

Methods of payment have always been a key part of health reform in various countries of the world. The paper gives a general account of the evolution of methods of payment for hospital care throughout the universe and the evolution and prospects of CP DRG. It expounds the necessity and viability of adopting CP DRG in China and suggests that we take the initiative in using the experience of other countries for reference, learn from other countries practice, speed up reform in methods of payment for hospital care, publish relevant policies, and reinforce theoretical and applied research on CP DRG.