Anesthesia, Local ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; psychology ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; psychology ; Medicine in the Arts ; Phacoemulsification ; psychology ; Vision, Ocular

Asia, Southeastern ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

Blindness ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Smoking Cessation

Among Singaporean adults of Chinese origin aged 40 to 79 years old, 1.1% and 0.5% were reported as being visually impaired and blind in both eyes respectively. Visual impairment and blindness can significantly affect one's quality of life. The key role of primary care doctors in the management of a patient with impaired vision is to diagnose its likely cause so that the patient can be referred to the appropriate eye care professional (i.e. optometrist or ophthalmologist) for treatment.

Advertising as Topic ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Singapore ; Smoking Cessation ; methods ; Smoking Prevention ; Social Marketing ; Television

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Blindness ; rehabilitation ; Bonding, Human-Pet ; Culture ; Dogs ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Singapore

INTRODUCTIONTo report the sequential changes in corneal topography and astigmatism following limited macular translocation. CLINICAL PICTURE AND TREATMENT: A 45-year-old-man who underwent limited macular translocation for idiopathic subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation in the right eye was evaluated by corneal topography and manifest refraction preoperatively and serially for 1 year postoperatively.

OUTCOMEAn increase in astigmatism with corneal steepening along meridians corresponding to the area of chorioscleral infolding was observed and this persisted for 1 year after surgery. Vector-analysed astigmatic change showed significant surgically induced astigmatism of 2.18 dioptres (D) X 52.9 degrees, 2.17 D X 57.8 degrees and 2.56 D X 59.1 degrees at 2, 5 and 12 months after surgery respectively.

CONCLUSIONSurgically induced corneal changes are evident after limited macular translocation and may remain up to 1 year after surgery.

Astigmatism ; etiology ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; surgery ; Corneal Diseases ; etiology ; Corneal Topography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects

INTRODUCTIONDuring cataract surgery under regional (retrobulbar, peribulbar or sub- Tenon's) or topical anaesthesia, many patients experience a variety of visual sensations in their operated eye intraoperatively. Between 3% and 16.2% of patients are frightened by their intraoperative visual experiences, which may increase the risk of intraoperative complications and affect patients' satisfaction with the surgery. This study aims to determine optometry students' beliefs and knowledge of visual sensations experienced by patients during cataract surgery under regional and topical anaesthesia.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA nationwide survey of all Malaysian optometry students using a standardised, self-administered questionnaire.

RESULTSAll 129 optometry students participated in the survey, giving a 100% response rate. Overall, 26.4% and 29.5% of the students believed that patients undergoing cataract surgery under regional and topical anaesthesia, respectively, may experience no light perception, while 78.3% and 72.9%, respectively, thought that patients would experience light perception. Many respondents also believed that patients might experience a variety of other visual sensations. Of all respondents, 70.5% and 74.4% of students believed that patients undergoing cataract surgery under regional and topical anaesthesia, respectively, may be frightened by their visual experience and 93.0% and 85.3%, respectively, felt that preoperative counselling might help to alleviate this fear.

CONCLUSIONMany optometry students are aware that patients might encounter a variety of visual sensations during cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. A high proportion of students believe that patients may experience fear as a result of the intraoperative visual sensations and felt that preoperative counselling would be helpful.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Cataract Extraction ; psychology ; Counseling ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Malaysia ; Male ; Optometry ; education ; Sensation ; Visual Perception

Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; complications ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Singapore