No abstract available.
Dinoprost* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

A considerable body of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that invasive squamous cell carcinoma develops from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). Most women with invasive cancer of the cervix are from lower socioeconomic groups, have begun heterosexual activity early in life, marry early, are multiparous, and have many sexual partners. Although the epidemiology of the cervical cancer is known well, the pathogenesis of the cervical cancer from CIN is subtle yet. Apoptosis, including the programmed cell death, is important event in normal cell turnover and maintenance of adult tissues. Apoptosis exerts a homeostatic function in relation to tissues dynamics, as the steady state of continuously renewing tissues achieved by a balance between cell replication and cell death. The specific labelling of nick ends of fragmented DNA was used to see the apoptotic cells from normal epithelium of the cervix to invasive cervical cancer. The apoptotic cells were found normally in the parabasal layer of the epithelium. As the grade of CIN increase, the apoptotic cell were found in superficial of the cervix and number of the apoptotic cell were increased. In the cervical cancer, the apoptotic cell were found in the cancerous tissues more than in the normal epithelium. This results suggest that the cell proliferation is more important than the inhibition of the apoptosis in the carcinogenesis of the cervical cancer.
Adult ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri ; DNA ; Epidemiology ; Epithelium ; Female ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Sexual Partners ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Primary ampullary carcinoma is one of rare gastrointestinal malignancies which can be diagnosed by ERCP and endoscopic biopsy. However, sometimes it is difficult to comfirm the diagnosis when the tumor is not exposed out of orifice of ampulla. Recently, we diagnosed early stage ampullary carcinoma using endoscopic sphincetrotomy for the exposure of tumor in 54 year old woman ia whom ERCP revealed rather impacted stone like filling defect in distal common bile duct. we describe a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater diagnosed by edoscopic sphincterotomy.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Biopsy* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic*

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Methotrexate*

Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus, but it still occurs rarely, as compared with the incidence of cacinoma. There are no geographic or racial differences and manifestations are unusual and inconsistent. About 97% of the esophageal leiomyoma may oecur in intramural type and 1 of the tumor may be polypoid type. Considerable diagnostic problems may arise as well as problems of proper surgical management. We experienced a case of a 47-year old female with esophageal leiomyoma in the mid- point of the esophagus. The patient complained of substernal discomfort for 1 month and routine examinatian and gastrofiberscope were performed. The gastrofiberscopic finding was asmoothly protruded, round bean-sized polypoid mass in the midpoint of the esophagus which was removed by polypectomy. There were no other complications. So we reported this case with review of literature.
Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leiomyoma* ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To determne whether abnormal results of doble saeening tests for Down syndrome with MSAFP and free B-hCG are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Between October 1994 and September 1997, 205 among 1731 who were screened had increased risk for Down screening program of CIS biointernational, Fetuses with Chromosomal abnormality or congenital anomalies and less than 35 years of maternal age were excluded from this study. Down syndrome screening test was performed between 14-22 weeks of gestation. RESULTS: Of 1731 women, 205 (13.4%) had increased Down syndrome risk. The pregnancy outcome of women with increased Down syndrome risk were compared with those of women without such risk There were no significant difference in the incidence of preterm labor (6[2.9%] vs 112[7.3%)), premature rupture of the membranes (2[0.9%] vs 56[3.6%]), pregnancy induced hypertension (2[0.9%] vs 36[2.3%]), abruptio placentae (0[0%] vs 2[0.1%]), low birth weight (2[0.9%] vs 21[1.3%]), oligohydramnios (4[1.9%] vs 10[0.6%]), intrauterine fetal death (0[0%] vs 2[0.1%]). CONCLUSION: False positive results of Down syndrome screening test in the 2nd trimester do not appear to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. But there are statistically significant increases of adverse pregnancy outcome in wemen with elevation of MSAFP or elevation of free B-hCG.
Abruptio Placentae ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening* ; Maternal Age ; Membranes ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Oligohydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Rupture

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and obstetric consequences of women with uterine anomalies and correlation between obstetric consequence and congenital uterine anomalies. Materials and METHODS: A retrospective study was made on 65 patients with uterine anomalies in order to evaluate the obstetric consequence at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1994 to June 1997. The diagnosis of uterine anomalies was made with hysterosalpingogram or ultrasonogram, or at the time of cesarean section. The uterine anomalies were classified according to the classification of Buttram and Gibbons and compared the pregnancy outcome for each classification. The obstetric consequences were divided into preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, and abnormal presentation of fetus. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test, the significance was defined as P< 0.05. RESULTS: 1. The incidence of uterine anomalies accounted for 1.04% (65/6,250 deliveries). 2. The most common uterine anomalies were class III (Uterine didelphys, 47.7%). 3. We noted preterm birth rate (16.9%), premature rupture of membranes rate (20%), intrauterine growth restriction rate (9.2%) in 65 patients. 4. The rate of breech presentation was 41.5% and the mean birth weight was 2,747 gram. 5. When uterine anormalies were present, the incidence of obstetric consequences was significantly increased. CONCLUSION: We concluded that congenital uterine anomalies were closely related to obstetric consequences, such as preterm, breech presentation, intrauterine growth retardation.
Birth Weight ; Breech Presentation ; Cesarean Section ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fetus ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hylobates ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography

The Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy(EIS) has been widely adopted as a primary treatment for acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices. The long term repeated EIS could achieve esophageal variceal obliteration which has been regarded as the endpoint of sclerotherapy by many authors. Several studies showed that repeated EIS improved the long-term survival, and reduced the bleeding episodes. However, in recent prospective randomized trials, the frequency of bleeding was not reduced and even increasd without improvement of survival in patients undergoing prophylactic sclerotherapy.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Sclerotherapy*