No abstract available.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Depression* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Alcoholism* ; Memory*

No abstract available.
China* ; Depression* ; Republic of Korea*

No abstract available.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Rural Population*

No abstract available.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Rural Population*

This study was done to examine changes of plasma homovanillic, acid(HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), and HVA/5-HIAA ratio during an 8-week clozapine trial and to investigate the relationship between the plasma monoamine metabolites and treatment responses. Twenty-seven chronic schizophrenic patients were treated for 8 weeks with clozapine. The psychopathology was assessed at baseline just clozapine trial and then every 2 weeks until the end of 8-week clozapine treatment using the positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression scale(CGI). The plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were measured also biweekly using high preformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method. Plasma HVA and 5-HIAA levels were significantly decreased during a 8-week chozapine treatment, although plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio showed no significant change. The changes of plasma HVA levels were in significant correlations with the changes of PANSS positive scores, of general psychophathology scores, and changes of total scores. The changes of plasma 5-HIAA levels were in significant correlations with the changes of PANSS negative scores. But the changes of plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio had no significant correlation with any PANSS subscale score changes. 48% of the patients treated with clozapine was categorized as responders, who showed at least a 20% decrease in PANSS total score and a CGI severity score of mildly ill or less(< or =3) of the end pint of the study. The baseline plasma HVA levels and HVA/5-HiAA) ratio were significantly higher in responders(N=13) than in nonresponders(N=14). But no significant difference in the change of plasma HVA between responders(40.3% decrement) and nonresponders(3.1% increment). But no significant difference in the change of plasma 5-HIAA and the change of plasma HVA/5-HIAA ratio between responders and nonresponders were observed. These results suggest that the antipsychotic effect of clozapine on positive symptoms may be associated with dopaminergic blocking activity, and that on negative symptoms may be associated with serotonergic blocking activity. The baseline plasma HVA levels and the change of HVA levels from baseline may be useful predictors of treatment response with clozapine.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Clozapine ; Homovanillic Acid* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; Plasma* ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia*

OBJECTIVE: The authors study evaluated the effect of a cognitive rehabilitation program designed to enhance the attention skill of chronic schizophrenics. METHODS: Dependent variables included measures of perceptual sensitivity and response criterion derived from the Vigilance test of Vienna test system. Each of 10 subjects received 10 sessions of repeated training with computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation program(REHACOM). Eleven subjects were assigned to a control group. All subject were rated on measures of positive and negative symptoms before training. RESULTS: Significant changes on the outcome measures were observed following attention training. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that cognitive rehabilitation with chronic schizophrenics should stress the possibility of remediating deficiencies in basic abilities, such as attention.
Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Rehabilitation*

The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of the tendency for depression and leisure functioning between two elderly groups in differnt socio-cultural environment. Also, this study investigated whether the difference of lesiure functioning affected the tendency for depression. The participants are 55 elderly residing in the nursing home in Seoul and 35 Sahalin returning Koreans in KangWon-Do. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) developed by Witt and Eliss (1987) was used to measure leisure functioning of the elderly and Yesavage (1983)'s Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS measured the tendency of depression. The LDB and GDS were gathered through interviewing. The result of this study reports that the tendency of depreesion in Sahalin returning Koreans was higher than the elderly in Seoul. And the result supports the hypothesis that the elderly in Seoul who have maintained higher leisure functioning showed lower depression level than the Sahalin elderly who had poor leisure functioning. In other words, there were significance between these two groups. This study suggests that education and the leisure program shoud developed and applied for the higher leisure functioning and satisfaction of the elderly (especially elderly in nursing home).
Aged* ; Depression* ; Education ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Leisure Activities* ; Nursing ; Nursing Homes ; Seoul

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment efficacy and safety of risperidone and olanzapine in elderly dementia patients. METHODS: The study population consisted of 42 elderly patients in BPSD (Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia) with dementia for 'risperidone' and 'olanzapine' treatment. Clinical safety and efficacy were evaluated by CGI (Clinical Global Impression) and the side effects checklist. RESULTS: The mean subject age was 68.2+/-5.9 consisting of 16 (38.1%) males and 26 (61.9%) females. The types of dementia among the 42 demented patients were as follows: 30 (71.5%) with Alzheimer's disease, 5 (11.9%) with vascular dementia, and 7 (16.7%) with unclassified dementia. The efficacy of risperidone and olanzapine was "marked improved 14.9% vs 34.0%", "moderately improved 45.2% vs 29.9%", and "mildly improved 30.3% vs 36.1%" by CGI. The incidence of adverse reaction was 25.8% vs 36.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Risperidone and olanzapine demonstrated highly useful and presented to be a well tolerated antipsychotic drug for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia between 1-2 mg vs 5-7.5 mg per daily dosage, respectively. However proper evaluation of mini-mental state examination, IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) and larger number of elderly patients must be analyzed.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Checklist ; Dementia* ; Dementia, Vascular ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risperidone ; Treatment Outcome