No abstract available.
Genes, ras* ; Humans

Described here is a case of accidental intrathecal administration of vincristine with pathologic findings in the central nervous system. A 3-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was given his ninth course chemotherapy. Vincristine was accidentally injected intrathecally. The clinical course was rapidly progressive (6-day course) and resulted in death. An autopsy was done. The brain and spinal cord was grossly edematous and congested without any specific feature. Histologically, profound loss of neuron was noted in the spinal cord. Remaining neurons in the spinal cord, particularly anterior horn cells were markedly swollen. The spinal nerves show diffuse axonal degeneration and myelin loss. The upstream portion of the spinal cord (brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum) showed patchy loss of neurons, especially Purkinje cells and granular cells of the cerebellar cortex. Many neurons showed axonal reaction (chromatolysis) with swelling. Several neurons show intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion body. Myelin loss, axonal swelling and enlargement of perivascular spaces were seen throughout the white matter of central nervous system.
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/drug effects ; Case Report ; Central Nervous System/pathology ; Central Nervous System/drug effects* ; Child, Preschool ; Fatal Outcome ; Histocytochemistry ; Human ; Injections, Spinal ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/drug therapy* ; Male ; Medication Errors* ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Spinal Nerves/pathology ; Spinal Nerves/drug effects ; Vincristine/therapeutic use* ; Vincristine/administration & dosage

PURPOSE: To evaluate and report the clinical results of the treatment of distal humerus intercondylar fractures treated with internal fixation through the modified posterior approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1999 to October 2003, 20 patient who had intercondyle fracture of the distal humerus treated with internal fixation through the modified posterior approach. We evaluated bone union, complication, postoperative elbow function. RESULTS: The average follow up period was 12.8 months. Nearly all most cases united at 14 weeks in an average. There were two neuropraxia and two hardware failure. The range of the elbow joint motion was flexion contracture 8 degree (5~15 degree) to further flextion 120 degree (75~140 degree) in average. The functional result with Riseborough and Radin's functional scale were as follows; 13 good, 4 fair, 3 poor. CONCLUSION: Not with severe comminuted like type C3 fracture, but in cases with intercondylar distal humerus fracture the modified posterior approach provided satisfactory exposure for open reduction and rigid internal fixation with satisfactory bone union. There was satisfactory bone union and good clinical result in postoperative elbow function.
Adult* ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus* ; Postoperative Complications