OBJECTIVETo investigate the protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and its clinical significance.

METHODSProtein expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB in gastric MALT lymphoma were examined by immunohistochemistry of Envision two-step method. The correlations of COX-2 and NF-kappaB expression with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, clinical stage, depth of tumor invasion, tumor size, recurrent rate and treatment were analyzed by univariate, multivariate and Pearson analysis.

RESULTSThe positive expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB in gastric MALT lymphoma were 48.9%(23/47) and 36.2% (17/47) respectively, and a positive correlation was found between these two factors(r=0.326,P<0.05). Moreover, COX-2 expression was positively correlated with Hp infection,clinical stage, depth of invasion and tumor size (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the overall survival of gastric MALT lymphoma patients with positive COX-2 protein (59.9 months) was shorter than that of patients with negative COX-2 protein (77.8 months), but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The survival was significantly shorter in gastric MALT lymphoma patients with positive NF-kappaB protein (26 months) than that of patients with negative NF-kappaB protein (123.2 months)(P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that clinicopathological stage was independent prognostic factor, and associated with short survival.

CONCLUSIONUp-regulated expression of COX-2 and activation of NF-kappaB are associated with Hp infection in gastric MALT lymphoma, and their protein expression is correlated with the development of tumor and prognosis.

Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections ; metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology

BACKGROUNDTat-interacting protein 30 (TIP30) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor, with reduced or absent expression in various tumors. However, its role in bladder urothelial cancer (BUC) has not been investigated. Therefore, herein, we investigated the expression of TIP30 protein in BUC and normal bladder mucosa and the clinical significance of TIP30 expression in the prognosis of BUC.

METHODSWe reviewed data from 79 cases of BUC and 15 adjacent tissue samples from 79 patients treated at our institution between 2004 and 2007. TIP30 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between TIP30 expression and tumor stage, histological grade, and survival was analyzed. Differences between groups were evaluated using the t-test or matched-pairs test, and differences in the survival rates were analyzed with the log-rank test.

RESULTSTIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in BUC tissue (t = -6.91, P < 0.05) compared with normal tissue samples, and in invasive bladder cancer (t = 10.89, P < 0.05) compared with superficial bladder cancer. TIP30 protein expression differed significantly among different differentiated groups classified either according to the World Health Organization (2004, F = 17.48, P < 0.01) or World Health Organization (1973, F = 10.68, P < 0.01). TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma compared with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (P < 0.05) and low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in Grade III BUC, compared with Grade I (P < 0.05) and Grade II (P < 0.05). Patients with low TIP30 expression showed a higher incidence of disease progression than those with high TIP30 expression (t = 2.63, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a strong positive relationship between TIP30 expression and overall survival (OS) (χ2 = 17.29, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTIP30 expression was associated with clinical tumor stage in BUC, suggesting that it might play an important role in disease progression. Furthermore, TIP30 might predict postoperative OS. Thus, its evaluation might be useful for predicting prognosis.