BACKGROUND: There are different opinions on whether the percentage of dietary fat is associated with the development of obesity and on it's treatment . In this country, dietary fat intake has been smaller compared to the Western countries. The purpose of this study was to find whether intake of dietary fat is related to percentage body fat in obese adults cross sectionally. METHODS: Nutrient intake from 24 hour dietary recall and percent body fat from bioelectrical impedance method were measured in 51 obese adults. Total energy intake was associated with intake of dietary fat and body size. Thus, the association of intake of dietary fat and three types of fat with percentage body fat were examined after adjustment for total energy intake by using 4 statistical models (standard multivariate model, and nutrient residual model, energy partition model, and multivariate nutrient density model). RESULTS: In all of these models, the results for types of fat and total fat showed similar results. Higher intake of total fat, saturated and polyunsaturated fat was associated with increased percentage body fat, while higher intake of monounsaturated fat was associated with decreased percentage body fat. CONCLUSION: We found positive association between dietary intake of fat and percentage body fat in obese adults. Our results suggest that reducing fat intake would be a helpful way to prevent and treat obesity in adults.
Adipose Tissue* ; Adult* ; Body Size ; Dietary Fats* ; Electric Impedance ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Obesity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of endonasal revision using triamcinolone-soaked nasal packing in patients exhibiting recurrence of epiphora after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. CASE SUMMARY: Four patients (4 eyes) who presented with the chief complaint of recurrence of epiphora after endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy underwent endonasal revision under local anesthesia. On nasal endoscopy, granulation tissue and membranous tissue around the osseous foramen was removed during endonasal revision. According to the operator's judgement, the osseous foramen was additionally expanded. Following insertion of a silicone tube, triamcinolone-soaked nasal packing was used for intra-nasal packing. The silicone tube was removed after follow-up of more than 12 weeks. Immediately after removing the silicone tube, there was free passage of saline on lacrimal syringing as well as complete resolution of epiphora. At over 6 months of follow-up after tube removal, there was no recurrence of epiphora in any of the 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Triamcinolone-soaked nasal packing may be considered in patients with failed endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
Anesthesia, Local ; Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Recurrence ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Triamcinolone

No abstract available.
Animals ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Mice* ; Parturition*

PURPOSE: Birth rate of preterm twins has gradually increased recently, and preterm twins have higher morbidity and higher mortality compared with term twins. Hence, we carried out the study to find out whether there were differences in mortality and morbidity according to birth order. METHODS: We examined the medical records of premature babies, who were born under 37 weeks of gestational age from January, 2004 to December, 2009. Among 226 twins (113 pairs),we compared the following parameters between the first-born twins and the second-born twins: birth weight, Apgar score at 1 & 5 minutes, days of ventilator use, days of total oxygenation use, hemoglobin after birth, maximum total bilirubin within 4 weeks, mortality, and morbidities including transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), brain white matter disease (WMD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and sepsis. RESULTS: There were no difference between birth weight, Apgar score at 1 & 5 minute, duration of ventilator use, duration of total oxygenation use, hemoglobin after the birth, maximum total bilirubin and morbidities. Moreover, there were no statistical differences in mortality between the first twin and the second (3.5% vs. 4.4%, P=0.734). Subdivided into preterm twins less than 32 weeks of gestational age, mortalities were 13.3% vs. 16.7% (P=0.718). There were no differences in morbidity and other factors between two groups. CONCLUSION: According to our study, there were no notable statistical differences in mortality and morbidity based on birth order of preterm twins. However, larger studies are necessary.
Apgar Score ; Bilirubin ; Birth Order ; Birth Rate ; Birth Weight ; Brain ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Cesarean Section ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukoencephalopathies ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn ; Twins ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Sclerostin (SOST), a regulator of bone formation in osteocytes, inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling by interacting with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) to prevent Wnt binding. Loss-of-function mutations of the SOST gene caused massive bone outgrowth and SOST-null mouse exhibited a high bone density phenotype. Therefore, SOST has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis. A few previous studies with X-ray crystallography identified the binding interfaces between LRP6 and SOST, but there are limitations in these studies as they used truncated SOST protein or SOST peptide. Here, we analyzed the conformational dynamics of SOST-LRP6 E1E2 complex using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). We examined the effect of the C-terminal tail of SOST on LRP6 conformation upon complex formation. HDXMS analysis suggested a new potential binding interface for the C-terminal region of SOST that was missing from the previous crystal structure of the SOST-LRP6 E1E2 complex.

OBJECTIVES: Event-related potentials have been suggested as an objective marker for brain functions in psychiatric disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the relationships between P300, the mismatch negativity (MMN), the loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP), demographic and clinical variables including neurocognitive abilities in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: P300, the MMN, and the LDAEP were measured and the Korean Stroop color-word test (K-stroop test) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were performed in 43 patients with schizophrenia. The relationship of the latency and amplitude of P300 and the MMN as well as regression slope of the LDAEP with demographic and clinical variables were analyzed by t-test and correlation analyses for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS: After controlling for age, the latency of central (Cz) and parietal (Pz) P300 posivitively correlated with GAF at admission (Cz ; gamma = 0.385, p = 0.047, Pz ; gamma = 0.421, p = 0.029). The amplitude of parietal P300 correlated with the correction rate of the K-stroop test (gamma = 0.575, p = 0.002). In addition, the frontal (Fz) P300 latency tended to negatively correlated with the correction rate of the WCST (gamma = -0.371, p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the values of P300 latency and amplitude might be correlated with GAF at admission and working memory measured by the K-Stroop test and the WCST. Meanwhile, the MMN and the LDAEP did not correlate with demographic and clinical variables. These results support the results of previous studies showing associations with P300 and impaired cognitive ability.
Brain ; Evoked Potentials ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Schizophrenia ; Wisconsin

Sclerostin (SOST), a regulator of bone formation in osteocytes, inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling by interacting with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) to prevent Wnt binding. Loss-of-function mutations of the SOST gene caused massive bone outgrowth and SOST-null mouse exhibited a high bone density phenotype. Therefore, SOST has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis. A few previous studies with X-ray crystallography identified the binding interfaces between LRP6 and SOST, but there are limitations in these studies as they used truncated SOST protein or SOST peptide. Here, we analyzed the conformational dynamics of SOST-LRP6 E1E2 complex using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). We examined the effect of the C-terminal tail of SOST on LRP6 conformation upon complex formation. HDXMS analysis suggested a new potential binding interface for the C-terminal region of SOST that was missing from the previous crystal structure of the SOST-LRP6 E1E2 complex.

no abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare differences in perception and knowledge of child abuse and child disciplinary practices according to the history of child abuse victimization. METHODS: A questionnaire survey on child abuse was conducted with 491 adults raising children. We compared the perception and knowledge of child abuse and child disciplinary practices between two groups of adults with and without a history of childhood abuse victimization. RESULTS: The group with a history of childhood abuse had lower levels of knowledge of child abuse (F=6.990, p<0.01) and engaged in more negative disciplinary practices (F=5.974, p<0.05) than those without. However, no differences in the perception of child abuse were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that adults with a history of childhood abuse have lower levels of knowledge of child abuse and use more negative disciplinary practices in raising their children. This highlights the need to administer not only educational but also more direct hands-on interventions to vulnerable parents in order to foster healthy parenting and disciplinary practices.
Adult ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Child ; Crime Victims ; Humans ; Parenting ; Parents

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find an independent relationship between waist circumference/waist-to-hip ratio which estimates abdominal fat and fasting insulin/atherogenic index which is a predictor of coronary heart disease in obese women. METHODS: The subjects were 80 obese (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) women. Whole body fat was estimated by body fat mass, % body fat using bioelectrical impedence, and by BMI. Abdominal fat was measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio. Fasting insulin was examined and atherogenic index was defined asthe ratio of serum total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol. Independent association between abdominal fat and insulin/AI was analyzed using partial correlation, multiple regression and Hotelling t-test. RESULTS: Among subjects, 85.7% of obese women had WC greater or equal to 80 cm. The mean BMI was 30.3 kg/m2. The partial correlations between whole body fat and insulin/AI were not significantly different from the partial correlations between abdominal fat and insulin/AI. When age and height were adjusted, partial correlations between abdominal fat and insulin were 0.38 and 0.39. The partial correlations were reduced to 0.15-0.29 after further adjusting for whole body fat. Age and height-adjusted partial correlations between abdominal fat and AI were 0.34 and 0.36. The partial correlations were reduced to 0.11-0.17 when whole body fat was additionally adjusted. Whole body fat explained 9.9-13.7% for variability of insulin; abdominal fat explained 14.2% and 15.9%. Whole body fat explained 12.5-12.8% for variability of AI and abdominal fat explained 11.9%. CONCLUSION: Most of the obese women showed abdominal obesity. Abdominal fat did not seem to be independently associated with fasting insulin and atherogenic index.
Abdominal Fat* ; Adipose Tissue ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease ; Fasting ; Female* ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Hip Ratio