1.Imaging Findings of Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm with High-Grade Malignant Transformation: Focusing on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Normalized Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values
Ka Ram KANG ; Ok Ran SHIN ; Su Lim LEE ; Young Mi KU
Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 2018;78(3):163-169
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by low-grade malignant potential and uncertain histogenesis, and usually afflicts relatively young women. The tumors typically manifest as well-marginated, mixed density lesions consisting of a solid peripheral and central cystic component in conjunction with hemorrhagic foci. SPN with apparent high-grade malignant transformation is a rare histologic variant. Herein, we report a rare case of SPN with high-grade malignant transformation diagnosed in a 75-year-old female, with emphasis on differential diagnoses and role of normalized ADC values. SPN with malignant transformation should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of mixed solid and cystic masses with hemorrhagic components, irregular margin and lower normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in an elderly female patient, as was the case discussed below.
2.Radiation safety: a focus on lead aprons and thyroid shields in interventional pain management
Bo Kyung CHEON ; Cho Long KIM ; Ka Ram KIM ; Min Hye KANG ; Jeong Ae LIM ; Nam Sik WOO ; Ka Young RHEE ; Hae Kyoung KIM ; Jae Hun KIM
The Korean Journal of Pain 2018;31(4):244-252
C-arm fluoroscopy is useful equipment in interventional pain management because it helps to guide correct needle targeting for the accurate injection and drug delivery. However, due to increased use of C-arm fluoroscopy in various pain procedures, the risk of radiation exposure is a significant concern for pain physicians. The harmful biological effects of ionizing radiation on the human body are well known. It is therefore necessary to strive to reduce radiation exposure. Lead aprons with thyroid shields are the most fundamental radiation protective devices for interventional procedures, and are very effective. However, the operator's radiation safety cannot be guaranteed because pain physicians seem to lack sufficient interest, knowledge, and awareness about radiation safety. Also, inappropriate care and use of radiation protective devices may result in a higher risk of radiation exposure. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on radiation safety with a focus on lead aprons and thyroid shields and present recommendations related to those devices during C-arm fluoroscopic-guided interventions by pain physicians.
Fluoroscopy
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Human Body
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Needles
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Pain Management
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Protective Devices
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Radiation Exposure
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Radiation Protection
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Radiation, Ionizing
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Thyroid Gland
3.Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Overview and Summary 2024
Young Joo PARK ; Eun Kyung LEE ; Young Shin SONG ; Bon Seok KOO ; Hyungju KWON ; Keunyoung KIM ; Mijin KIM ; Bo Hyun KIM ; Won Gu KIM ; Won Bae KIM ; Won Woong KIM ; Jung-Han KIM ; Hee Kyung KIM ; Hee Young NA ; Shin Je MOON ; Jung-Eun MOON ; Sohyun PARK ; Jun-Ook PARK ; Ji-In BANG ; Kyorim BACK ; Youngduk SEO ; Dong Yeob SHIN ; Su-Jin SHIN ; Hwa Young AHN ; So Won OH ; Seung Hoon WOO ; Ho-Ryun WON ; Chang Hwan RYU ; Jee Hee YOON ; Ka Hee YI ; Min Kyoung LEE ; Sang-Woo LEE ; Seung Eun LEE ; Sihoon LEE ; Young Ah LEE ; Joon-Hyop LEE ; Ji Ye LEE ; Jieun LEE ; Cho Rok LEE ; Dong-Jun LIM ; Jae-Yol LIM ; Yun Kyung JEON ; Kyong Yeun JUNG ; Ari CHONG ; Yun Jae CHUNG ; Chan Kwon JUNG ; Kwanhoon JO ; Yoon Young CHO ; A Ram HONG ; Chae Moon HONG ; Ho-Cheol KANG ; Sun Wook KIM ; Woong Youn CHUNG ; Do Joon PARK ; Dong Gyu NA ;
International Journal of Thyroidology 2024;17(1):1-20
Differentiated thyroid cancer demonstrates a wide range of clinical presentations, from very indolent cases to those with an aggressive prognosis. Therefore, diagnosing and treating each cancer appropriately based on its risk status is important. The Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) has provided and amended the clinical guidelines for thyroid cancer management since 2007. The main changes in this revised 2024 guideline include 1) individualization of surgical extent according to pathological tests and clinical findings, 2) application of active surveillance in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, 3) indications for minimally invasive surgery, 4) adoption of World Health Organization pathological diagnostic criteria and definition of terminology in Korean, 5) update on literature evidence of recurrence risk for initial risk stratification, 6) addition of the role of molecular testing, 7) addition of definition of initial risk stratification and targeting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations according to ongoing risk stratification (ORS), 8) addition of treatment of perioperative hypoparathyroidism, 9) update on systemic chemotherapy, and 10) addition of treatment for pediatric patients with thyroid cancer.