No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

In this prospective study, 208 cases of ptosis were repaired using dried preserved fascia lata as suspension material for frontalis sling procedure during 1990 to 1996. The average age at operation was 9.2 years with the range of 2 months to 56 years. One hundred forty one patients (91.0%) of the 155 patients with follow-up of more than 3 months and 99 (90.8%) of the 109 patients with follow-up of more than 6 months showed satisfactory results respectively. Among 12 unsatisfactory cases six patients underwent reoperation and achieved satisfactory results. Exposure keratitis was the most common complication (39.4%)but most of them were transient. The authors report frontalis sling operation using preserved fascia lata with 96.3% of success rate with few complications.
Blepharoptosis ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Prospective Studies ; Reoperation

PURPOSE: To compare the growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm twins conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) with those naturally conceived. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 64 children assessed by K-ASQ (Korean ages & stages questionnaires) at 18 month or 24 month of corrected age. Physical growth was evaluated by Z-scores of weight, length and head circumference at 12 months and 24 months. RESULTS: Thirty eight (59.4%) preterm twins were the in vitro fertilization group and 26 (40.6%) preterm twins were in the natural conception group. Significantly higher rate of monochorionicity and small for gestational age were detected in the natural conception group (P value=0.001, P value=0.025, respectively). Z scores of weight, length and head circumference were calculated in 56 (87.5%) infants and 51 (79.7%) infants at 12 months and 24 months, respectively. Physical growth did not differ between the two groups. Fifty nine (92.2%) and 40 (65.2%) preterm twins were assessed by K-ASQ at 18 months and 24 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in the rates of cases scored less than -2 standard deviation below the mean in K-ASQ between the IVF and natural conception groups. CONCLUSION: Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm twins conceived by IVF were comparable with that of naturally conceived preterm twins.
Child ; Electronic Health Records ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Twins

C-arm fluoroscopy is useful equipment in interventional pain management because it helps to guide correct needle targeting for the accurate injection and drug delivery. However, due to increased use of C-arm fluoroscopy in various pain procedures, the risk of radiation exposure is a significant concern for pain physicians. The harmful biological effects of ionizing radiation on the human body are well known. It is therefore necessary to strive to reduce radiation exposure. Lead aprons with thyroid shields are the most fundamental radiation protective devices for interventional procedures, and are very effective. However, the operator's radiation safety cannot be guaranteed because pain physicians seem to lack sufficient interest, knowledge, and awareness about radiation safety. Also, inappropriate care and use of radiation protective devices may result in a higher risk of radiation exposure. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on radiation safety with a focus on lead aprons and thyroid shields and present recommendations related to those devices during C-arm fluoroscopic-guided interventions by pain physicians.
Fluoroscopy ; Human Body ; Needles ; Pain Management ; Protective Devices ; Radiation Exposure ; Radiation Protection ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing parenting stress in primiparas. METHOD: The participants in this study were 198 primiparas of infants aged 1-6 months who visited well baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. RESULTS: The mean score for parenting stress was 2.4 of a possible 5 and thus considered average. The score for parenting stress was significantly correlated with the level of maternal perception of the infant and the level of social support. The score for parenting stress was significantly different according to the education level of the primiparas and prenatal management. For the primiparas, social support(20%) and maternal perception of the infant(9%) were significant predictors explaining parenting stress. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing interventions to improve maternal perception of the infant and increase social support should be provided for primiparas in order to reduce parenting stress.
Education ; Humans ; Infant ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Child Health

BACKGROUND: Propofol can produce a dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure by providing titratable sedation and rapid recovery. It has been reported that a combination of midazolam and propofol resulted in the significant reduction in the total dose of propofol needed. It was hypothesized that the addition of low-dose midazolam to propofol may provide sufficient sedation without compromising the hemodynamic stability. METHODS: A total of 40 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups (n = 20 each). Group M-P received a bolus of 0.02 mg/kg of midazolam, followed by a propofol infusion with a fixed target concentration of 1.0microgram/ml. Group P received only a propofol infusion with an initial target plasma concentration of 2.5microgram/ml. Subsequent titration of the infusion rates in Group P or the additional midazolam boluses in Group M-P were made in order to maintain a predetermined sedation level. RESULTS: In Group P, a mean dose of 5.4 +/- 0.7 mg/kg/h propofol was used compared with 2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/kg/h in Group M-P (P<0.0001, plus additional 2.96 +/- 1.8 mg of midazolam). Ephedrine was administered to 15 patients in Group M-P and 17 patients in Group P. Recovery was significantly fast (Group P, 6.8 +/- 2.9 min vs. Group M-P, 9.8 +/- 4.4 min, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sedation with propofol plus midazolam requires a lower total dose of propofol compared with propofol alone but has no superior hemodynamic stability. A further study using younger patients and combinations of different doses of each drug will be needed.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Pressure ; Ephedrine ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Midazolam ; Plasma ; Propofol* ; Prospective Studies*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to know the changes and types of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children who lived in Jeollabuk-do for last 26 years. METHODS: We subdivided 26 years (January 1981-December 2006) as group 1 (January 1981-December 1993) and group 2 (January 1994-December 2006). Patients under 15 years old who had been newly diagnosed with DM in these periods in general hospitals situated in Jeollabuk-do were reviewed retrospectively about clinical conditions at the onset. RESULTS: 141 patients were enrolled; group 1 was 43 (30.5%) and group 2, 98 (69.5%). Patients number in same period increased over twice. For types of diabetes, group 1 was all type 1 diabetes and group 2 was 75.5% in type 1 diabetes, 21.4% type 2 diabetes and 3.1% clinically suspected maturity onset diabetes of the youth (cMODY). The incidence of diabetes was 0.12 patients per 100,000 under 15 years old in 1980 and increased upto 4.73 ones in 2005. The diagnosed mean age increased from 8.9 years (group 1) to 10.3 years (group 2), but type 1 diabetes had no significant difference. Diabetes occurred in girls more than boys. Two-thirds of all patients were diagnosed in the winter (December-February) and the spring (March-May). CONCLUSION: The incidence of childhood diabetes in Jeollabuk-do increased rapidly and type 2 diabetes was remarkable. We think these aspect would be not only the problem in this province but also the national one. So, we suggest that the practicing of the dynamic survey nationwide is important for the treatment and the management of childhood diabetes.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify relations among the parenting stress, maternal sensitivity to infant cues, parenting environment of first-time mothers. METHOD: The participants were 194 first-time mothers of babies aged 1-6 months who visited well-baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. RESULTS: The parenting stress level was moderate with a mean score of 2.4(range 1-5). The parent domain and parent-child relationship domain of the parenting stress scale were significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity to infant feeding cues (r=-.178, p<.05; r=-.197, p<.01). Parenting stress was significantly correlated with childrearing environment(r=-2.19, p<.01). Parenting stress and childrearing environment were significantly different according to the educational level of the mothers and their prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing interventions to reduce parenting stress in first-time mothers are needed to improve maternal sensitivity to infant cues and childrearing environment which foster infant development.
Child ; Child Development ; Child Rearing* ; Child* ; Cues* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Prenatal Care ; Child Health

Abnormal hematological values are associated with various disorders including cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, and immune diseases. We report the copy number variations (CNVs) in clinically relevant hematological parameters, including hemoglobin level, red and white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and red blood cell (RBC) volume. We describe CNVs in several loci associated with these hematological parameters in 8,842 samples from Korean population-based studies. The data that we evaluated included four RBC parameters, one platelet parameter, and one associated with total white blood cell (WBC) count, exceeding the genome-wide significance. We show that CNVs in hematological parameters are associated with some loci, different from previously associated loci reported in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association studies.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Erythrocytes ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hemoglobins ; Immune System Diseases ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Platelet Count ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

BACKGROUND: We compared the association between economic status and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) using large nationwide datasets covering the previous 10 years in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed the association between economic status and DM using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data from 2001 to 2010 weighted to represent the Korean population between 30 and 59 years of age. The economic status of participants was classified into quartiles according to monthly family income with an equivalence scale. RESULTS: In men, the prevalence of diabetes in the lowest income quartile (Q1) was significantly higher than that in the other quartiles in 2008 (age and body mass index-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.846; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.126 to 3.027; P=0.015), 2009 (OR, 1.706; 95% CI, 1.094 to 2.661; P=0.019), and 2010 (OR, 1.560; 95% CI, 1.024 to 2.377; P=0.039) but not in 2001 or 2005. The data indicated that classification in the lowest economic status was an independent risk factor for diabetes even after adjusting for abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and education level in men of KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Although economic status was significantly associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in women (P<0.001), there was no significant association between economic status and DM in women. CONCLUSION: Korean men between 30 and 59 years of age with the lowest economic status had a significantly higher prevalence of DM in 2008 to 2010 even after adjusting for other risk factors.
Classification ; Dataset ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Dyslipidemias ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Korea ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors*