Strokc is one of the most feared perioperative complications.This article systematically reviews the incidence, mechanisms, risk factors stratification,and relief of perioperative stroke.Aiming at the risk factors and pathogeneses,it is hopeful to improve from the aspect of operative methods.techniques,and medication,and thus to decrease the risks of perioperative stroke and improve prognosis.

The morbidity and mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are very high. Brain injury involves in several mechanisms after ICH, including the direct tissue destruction by the mechanical force on brain tissue surrounding the hernatoma in the process of hematoma formation, the release of clot-derived factors (thrombin, hemoglobin degradation products), inflammatory response and complement cascade reaction, etc. This article reviews the above mechanisms

Objective To immortalize rat astrocytes which could be used as cell carriers for transgenic cellular analgesia. Methods Astrocytes were isolated from cerebral cortex of newborn SD rats by trypsin digestion and cultured according to the method of differential cell adhesiveness and transfected with plasmid pCMVSV40T/ PUR containing the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (SV40Tag) gene. The positive colonies were isolated by puromycin selection and expanded by many passages. The integration and expression of large T antigen gene were detected and the immuno-reactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was determined by PCR, RT-PCR and immuno-cytochemistry. Results Rat astrocytes were successfully cultured in vitro and positively stained for the astrocytic marker GFAP. The positive colonies were isolated and subcultured for 50 passages. PCR and RT-PCR products were analyzed using 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The size of amplifacation product of target gene was identical to that of the positive control (558 bp) . There was no PCR and RT-PCR product from non-transfected cells. DNA sequencing and BLAST showed that 558 bp nucleotides were identical to the SV40Tag gene of the Genbank (100%). The transfected cells were positively stained for the SV40Tag and GFAP. Conclusion Immortalized rat astrocyte strain with SV40 tag gene is constructed successfully.

Objective To explore diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure in children by measuring brain natriurettic peptide(BNP) and cardiac troponin I(CTnI).Methods Forty-one children subjects with heart failure were chosen,and then they were divided into three stages,early stage of heart failure,stage of heart failure and stage of recovery according to the ROSS cardiac function score method.In contrast with the former group,41 healthy children were chosen as control group.BNP and CTnI levels of blood plasma were analyzed by radioimmunoassay(RIA) and chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA) respectively,the relationship between the BNP level of blood plasma and prognosis of CHF group was analyzed.Results At early stage of heart failure,BNP and CTnI levels began to rise.They amount to highest peaks at stage of heart failure and went down at stage of recovery.But they were still higher than those of control group(P

Objective To study the biological character of rat astrocyte strain immortalized by simian virus 40 large T antigen gene(SV40Tag) and explore the feasibility of using it as cell vehicle for transgenic cellular analgesia.Methods Rat cerebral cortical astrocytes (AST) and immortalized rat astrocyte strain (IAST) were cultured in vitro. Morphology and growth features of AST and IAST were examined and compared after subculture, freezing and recovery. The ultrastructure of the cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in these cells was detected by immuno-cytochemistry. The cell proliferation rate and cell cycle were determined by bromodeoxyuridine labelling and flow cytometry. AST and IAST were cultured in soft agar and inoculated in nude mice to investigate the tumorigenesis of IAST. Results LAST could be subcultured successively. The cells remained monolayer, anchorage dependent and the growth was attachment-inhibited. When AST was subcultured for only 10 passages, replicative senescense began. Subculture, freezing and recovery did not influence the shape and proliferation of IAST (94%?5%) , but decreased the vitality rate of AST (54%?4% ) (P

Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Constipation ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; Humans

Objective To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Hypericum perforatum L.. Methods The concentration and volume of alcohol, extraction time and frequency were systematically studied by the total flavonoids as the marker. Results The more effective way to extract total flavones was extraction with 8 times amount of 70% alcohol under reflux for 3 times and 2 h for each time. Conclusion This method obtains more effective components. It is stable and reliable.

Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks the third in incidence and mortality rate among human tumors. Tumor relapse,me?tastasis and drug resistance remain the main obstacle to the success of CRC treatments. Compared to traditional chemotherapy ,target therapy seems to treat tumors in more precise and rational fashion with good response and often less toxic side-effect. Although target agents provide hope for more effective therapy,recent clinical studies have shown only modest benefit from target therapy similar to tra?ditional chemotherapy. Primary and secondary resistance to target agents is still observed and contributes to CRC treatment failure. The review summarizes research progress in the mechanism of drug resistance to target therapy in CRC treatment.

Switching Mechanism At 5′ end of the RNA Transcript(SMART)is a technology used in biology researching,So far,there is no review only about SMART technology.So,the aim is to investigate the research developments of principles,methods and applications of the SMART technology.Based on some researches and combined with the review of the related literature at home and abroad,it analyzed and evaluated the latest development of the research on SMART.As the applications of the SMART technology expand in many fields day after day,it has been proved that the SMART technology is a very useful and efficient skill to construct full length cDNA library.As more and more researchers know this technology,the advantages of the SMART technology become obvious,and meanwhile the disadvantages of the SMART technology also show up.That is to say,the technology needed to be improved.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in combination with disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with moderate to severe activity and inadequate response to DMARDs. Methods Thirty-two RA patients with inadequate response to DMARDs were treated with tocilizumab along with stable dose of DMARDs for 12 weeks, adverse reactions were recorded, clinical laboratory and physiological indices were recorded 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. The routine blood, liver and kidney function tests, morning stiffness, rest pain, tender joint count, swollen joint count, overall evaluation of the patient and physician to disease and health assessment questionnaire, blood sedimentation, C-reactive protein (CRP), Disease activity score 28 (DAS28), simplified disease activity index (SDAI) score, clinical disease activity index (CDAI). Repetitive measure analysis of variance wase used for statistical analysis. Results The clinical laboratory indices and DAS28, SDAI, CDAI scores observed in all of the patients were significantly improved (P<0.05). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, disease activity was further improved with statistical significance (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6 were downregulated obvious compared with before [(26±14) pg/ml vs (76±39) pg/ml, t=-6.925, P<0.01], and no obvious adverse reactions were observed. Conclusion Tocilizumab can quickly improve the symptoms and the control disease activity of refractory active RA within a few weeks.