No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Most autopsy cases of fetus or infants in Korea are deaths of prematurity or death after birth arising medical dispute. It is natural to closely examine the all organs at autopsy. Thorough investigation of the lungs of infants is important to distinguishing the live birth and stillbirth. Forensic pathologists in Korea are not frequently experienced infant autopsy. So it is necessary to review the pediatric forensic pathology. And the author summarized the forensic pathology of the lungs in fetus and infants and its significance.
Autopsy ; Dissent and Disputes ; Fetus* ; Forensic Pathology* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Lung* ; Parturition ; Stillbirth

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of endotoxin in various organs after intraperitoneal injection of E. coli homogenator(0111:B4, 3X10(9)cells/200g of body weight). Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli homogenator and sacrificed 1 and 3 hours after injection. The lung, liver, and kidney were immunohistochemically stained with avidin-biotin complex method and observed by light and electron microscopy. On the light microscopy, granular deposits of reaction products of immunohistochemical stain were found on the cytoplasmic membrane of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells of all organs observed. Electron microscopic study revealed finely granular reaction products on the surface of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells. The pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells demonstrated reaction products in the early phase of experiment. The distribution of reaction products were prominent in the liver among three organs. The Kupffer cells showed the most sensitive and strongest positive reaction. The hepatocytes and endothelial cells revealed weak positive reaction 3 hours later. The alveolar macrophages of the lung were also positive from the early phase of endotoxemia, while the pneumocytes and alveolar septa demonstrated weakly positive reaction in the later phase. The capillary endothelium of the kidney revealed positive reaction from the early phase. According to above results, it is concluded that the endotoxin entered into the systemic circulation was captured in the liver and lung. And both mononuclear phagocytic system and endothelial cells could be activated or damaged by endotoxin.
Rats ; Animals

The author studied 11-cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach confirmed by gastrofiberscopic biopsy before in order to differentiate between differentiated and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma by scanning electron microscope. Light and transmission electron microscopie examination were done, too. Seven of them are differentiated accompanied by severe intestinal metaplasia and four of them are undifferentiated with rearly focal intestinal metaplasia. Two of the undifferentiated cases shows focal tubular differentiation on the superficial region of the mucosa. Microvilli on the free border are long, regular on the differentiated type but in state of variable loss of microvilli under the transmission electron microscope. Number and density of the mucous granules are variable. Scanning electron microscopic examination shows prominent disorganization of the folds, cellular pleomorphism and pleomorphic microvilli are suggestive of early marker of neoplastic transformation. The size of them are 0.6 micrometer and 1.2 micrometer on the differentiated type respectively. Disorganization of the folds is an important differential point between differentiated and undifferentiated type on the lower power examination. Development of folds, furrow, and hemispheric colliculi are more porminent on the differentiated adenocarcinoma. Presence of striated border, partial or complete loss of microvilli and intestinal metaplasia on the undifferentiated and differentiated adenocarcinomas are consisent with origin from common precursor cells.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy

Author performed this experiment to define the most important factor preventing the intimal thickening. An endothelium of abdominal aorta in the rat was denuded by two different wires having same caliver. The degree of injury was limited to the endothelial cells in one, and extended to the internal elastic lamina in another. The results showed that at 72 hours, in the case of superficial injury, the entire injury site was covered by new regenerating cells, but in the case of disruption of the internal elastic lamina, the migrating smooth muscle cell completely reached into the intima and resulted in intemal thickening. Similar findings persisted to 1 week later. Above results suggest the most important factor preventing the intimal thickening in endothelial injury is the depth of the injury which limited within the endothelial cells without extending into the internal elastic lamina and medial smooth muscle cells.
Rats ; Animals

The study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes of nucleus pulposus of prolapsed disc and to evaluate the characteristic histologic changes of prolapsed intervertebral disc. Histologic findings of curetted fibrocartilage from 33 discs having documented disc prolapse into spinal canal were reviewed. Light microscopically, neovascularization, splitting, myxoid degeneration, cystic change, chondrocytic cloning and granular change were observed. Among these microscopic features, splitting, myxoid degeneration and chondrocytic cloning were observed in all of the cases, and the remaining other features were noted in more than 50% of the cases. Electron microscopically, the nucleus pulposus showed a few viable notochord cells, which had abundant cytoplasmic organelles such as glycogen particles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Numerous cytoplasmic processes are noted. Then matrix showed fine fibrils and irregular shaped electron dense granules and fragmented collagen fibers.
Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fibrocartilage ; Glycogen ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Mitochondria ; Notochord ; Organelles ; Prolapse ; Spinal Canal

This study was carried out to investigate pathogenesis of E. coli-induced cystitis by light and electron microscopy with immunocytochemistry. A group of ICR mice was intravesically given 0.3ml of E. coli DIE 174 lysate( 1000000000/ml). Another group was given E. coli lysate after acid solution(pH 4.5) washing for 30 minutes. The urinary bladders were observed at 2 hours and 24 hours after E.coli lysate irrigation. On light microscopy, submucosal edema, congestion, and perivascular neutrophilic infiltration occurred 2 hours after E. coli lysate irrigation. The congestion and acute inflammation were more pronounced 24 hours after. In cases of acid washing and E. coli lysate irrigation, mucosal acute inflammatory infiltration with edema and congestion was marked at early stage. Necrosis of transitional cells developed with time. On immunostain for E. coli, surface of transitional cells was stained 2 hours after E. coli lysate irrigation. At 24 hours after irrigation, intercellular spaces of transitional cells were stained. In cases of acid washing and E. coli lysate irrigation, entire mucosa was stained at early stage. Electron microscopically, transitional cells revealed increase of cytoplasmic processes, enlargement of cytoplasmic vesicles, and widening of intercellular spaces. There were large amounts of various shapes of lysosomes in neutrophils and monocytes infiltrated in the mucosa in acid washing groups. According to the above results, it is concluded that E. coli lysate may easily penetrate into the bladder mucosa and that the mucosal mucopolysaccharide plays as a barrier against bacterial invasion.
Animals ; Cystitis ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles ; Edema ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Extracellular Space ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Lysosomes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes ; Mucous Membrane* ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Urinary Bladder*

The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphologic changes of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and the associated structures of the cirrhotic rat liver induced by repeat intraperitoneal injections of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (100 mg/kg/week). One day to 6 weeks later, rat livers were observed under the light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and immunostained with laminin antibody. Two weeks after DEN treatment, the fibrillar material in Disse's space was noted, and then a basement membrane-like structure was found at 4 weeks after treatment. Laminin was detected in perisinusoidal areas after 4 weeks. Laminin was strongly positive on the fibrous septum and in the sinusoidal wall of cirrhotic nodules after 6 weeks of treatment. The diameters and numbers of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrations did not change significantly until 2 weeks. They decreased within 4 weeks, and then the sinusoidal endothelium was poorly fenestrated at 6 weeks after DEN treatment. These results suggest that as fibrosis develops in cirrhosis, the deposit of extracellular matrix such as laminin within Disse's space is a major contributing factor in the structural alteration of sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the capillarization of the sinusoidal endothelial cells may be a contributor to impairment of the hepatic function in cirrhosis.
Rats ; Animals

The clinical and pathological features of a paraganglioma arising in the cauda equina is described and compared with previous reports. The right microscopic fetures were similar to those of paragangliomas from other sites, with a 'Zellballen' pattern of cells containing arzyrophil granules. Immunohistocytochemical stains for neurone specific enolase, S-100 protein, cytokeratin were positive, but stains for glial fibrillary acidic protein were negative. Electron microscopy showed densely staining membrane-bound granules, cilia like structures and fibros bodies in the cytoplasm. The last two features only occur in paragangliomas from this site. The pathological findings suggest that paragangliomas in this site arise from pre-existing paraganglia, possibly of the visceral autonomic group.