No abstract available.

No abstract available.

The author studied 11-cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach confirmed by gastrofiberscopic biopsy before in order to differentiate between differentiated and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma by scanning electron microscope. Light and transmission electron microscopie examination were done, too. Seven of them are differentiated accompanied by severe intestinal metaplasia and four of them are undifferentiated with rearly focal intestinal metaplasia. Two of the undifferentiated cases shows focal tubular differentiation on the superficial region of the mucosa. Microvilli on the free border are long, regular on the differentiated type but in state of variable loss of microvilli under the transmission electron microscope. Number and density of the mucous granules are variable. Scanning electron microscopic examination shows prominent disorganization of the folds, cellular pleomorphism and pleomorphic microvilli are suggestive of early marker of neoplastic transformation. The size of them are 0.6 micrometer and 1.2 micrometer on the differentiated type respectively. Disorganization of the folds is an important differential point between differentiated and undifferentiated type on the lower power examination. Development of folds, furrow, and hemispheric colliculi are more porminent on the differentiated adenocarcinoma. Presence of striated border, partial or complete loss of microvilli and intestinal metaplasia on the undifferentiated and differentiated adenocarcinomas are consisent with origin from common precursor cells.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy

Most autopsy cases of fetus or infants in Korea are deaths of prematurity or death after birth arising medical dispute. It is natural to closely examine the all organs at autopsy. Thorough investigation of the lungs of infants is important to distinguishing the live birth and stillbirth. Forensic pathologists in Korea are not frequently experienced infant autopsy. So it is necessary to review the pediatric forensic pathology. And the author summarized the forensic pathology of the lungs in fetus and infants and its significance.
Autopsy ; Dissent and Disputes ; Fetus* ; Forensic Pathology* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Lung* ; Parturition ; Stillbirth

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of endotoxin in various organs after intraperitoneal injection of E. coli homogenator(0111:B4, 3X10(9)cells/200g of body weight). Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli homogenator and sacrificed 1 and 3 hours after injection. The lung, liver, and kidney were immunohistochemically stained with avidin-biotin complex method and observed by light and electron microscopy. On the light microscopy, granular deposits of reaction products of immunohistochemical stain were found on the cytoplasmic membrane of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells of all organs observed. Electron microscopic study revealed finely granular reaction products on the surface of endothelial cells and some of parenchymal cells. The pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells demonstrated reaction products in the early phase of experiment. The distribution of reaction products were prominent in the liver among three organs. The Kupffer cells showed the most sensitive and strongest positive reaction. The hepatocytes and endothelial cells revealed weak positive reaction 3 hours later. The alveolar macrophages of the lung were also positive from the early phase of endotoxemia, while the pneumocytes and alveolar septa demonstrated weakly positive reaction in the later phase. The capillary endothelium of the kidney revealed positive reaction from the early phase. According to above results, it is concluded that the endotoxin entered into the systemic circulation was captured in the liver and lung. And both mononuclear phagocytic system and endothelial cells could be activated or damaged by endotoxin.
Rats ; Animals

The study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes of nucleus pulposus of prolapsed disc and to evaluate the characteristic histologic changes of prolapsed intervertebral disc. Histologic findings of curetted fibrocartilage from 33 discs having documented disc prolapse into spinal canal were reviewed. Light microscopically, neovascularization, splitting, myxoid degeneration, cystic change, chondrocytic cloning and granular change were observed. Among these microscopic features, splitting, myxoid degeneration and chondrocytic cloning were observed in all of the cases, and the remaining other features were noted in more than 50% of the cases. Electron microscopically, the nucleus pulposus showed a few viable notochord cells, which had abundant cytoplasmic organelles such as glycogen particles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Numerous cytoplasmic processes are noted. Then matrix showed fine fibrils and irregular shaped electron dense granules and fragmented collagen fibers.
Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Collagen ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fibrocartilage ; Glycogen ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Mitochondria ; Notochord ; Organelles ; Prolapse ; Spinal Canal

This study was carried out to determine whether the autolytic changes of the hair, nail, and cornea were useful marker to estimate the postmortem interval. The hairs and nails obained from variable aged men and corneas from rabbits were placed in variable temperatures (10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees)and humidities (50%, 75%, 100%) and periodically investigated by electrom microscopy. The results were as follows. The hairs and nails were not significantly changed to 21 days after cut in variable temperatures and humidities. The cornea showed epithelial desquamation from the first day and endothelial desquamation from the third day. However, Bowman's membrane, stroma, and endothelial changes of the cornea were irregular on case. From the above results, it is concluded that the autolytic changes of the hair, nail and cornea were not useful to estimate the posmortem interval within a few weeks.
Bowman Membrane ; Cornea ; Hair* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Male ; Microscopy ; Rabbits

This study was carried out to investigate pathogenesis of E. coli-induced cystitis by light and electron microscopy with immunocytochemistry. A group of ICR mice was intravesically given 0.3ml of E. coli DIE 174 lysate( 1000000000/ml). Another group was given E. coli lysate after acid solution(pH 4.5) washing for 30 minutes. The urinary bladders were observed at 2 hours and 24 hours after E.coli lysate irrigation. On light microscopy, submucosal edema, congestion, and perivascular neutrophilic infiltration occurred 2 hours after E. coli lysate irrigation. The congestion and acute inflammation were more pronounced 24 hours after. In cases of acid washing and E. coli lysate irrigation, mucosal acute inflammatory infiltration with edema and congestion was marked at early stage. Necrosis of transitional cells developed with time. On immunostain for E. coli, surface of transitional cells was stained 2 hours after E. coli lysate irrigation. At 24 hours after irrigation, intercellular spaces of transitional cells were stained. In cases of acid washing and E. coli lysate irrigation, entire mucosa was stained at early stage. Electron microscopically, transitional cells revealed increase of cytoplasmic processes, enlargement of cytoplasmic vesicles, and widening of intercellular spaces. There were large amounts of various shapes of lysosomes in neutrophils and monocytes infiltrated in the mucosa in acid washing groups. According to the above results, it is concluded that E. coli lysate may easily penetrate into the bladder mucosa and that the mucosal mucopolysaccharide plays as a barrier against bacterial invasion.
Animals ; Cystitis ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles ; Edema ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Extracellular Space ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Lysosomes ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes ; Mucous Membrane* ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Urinary Bladder*

This study was carried out to investigate diurnal changes of lysosomes includ ing ultrastructural changes of phagosomes and activity of acid phosphatase in the phagosomes and diurnal biochemical changes of cathepsin D activity of rab bits. The eyes were obtained at 0:00, 4:00, 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 o'clock. The number of lysosomes and phagosomes in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) was the highest at 8:00 o'clock, thereafter decreased with time. There were three types of phagosomes; fresh phagosomes showed both negative and positive reactions, lamellar bodies positive, and dense bodies partially positive. The biochemical activity of cathepsin D was the highest at 8:00 o'clock consistent with the time of peak in phagocytic activities of RPE. According to the above results, it would be suggested that the maximum shedding of outer segments and phagocytic activity of RPE occurred on the early stage after sunlight exposure, and that the phagosomes were degraded to the lamellar bodies and dense bodies sequentially. And also activity of the cathepsin D would be increased consistent with the phagocytic activity of RPE.
Acid Phosphatase ; Cathepsin D ; Lysosomes ; Phagosomes ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Sunlight

The authors studied the lung injury induced by endotoxemia and the effects of proteolytic agent on the lung changed by endotoxemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administrated with a single dose of endotoxin (4 mg/kg, E. coli 025 : B6 lipopolysaccharide) or with endotoxin and gabexate mesilate (200 mg/kg), a proteolytic agent, concomitantly. Rats of each group were scarificed at 9, 18, and 27 hours after injection. Light and electron microscopic examination were done. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Light microscopic exmination revealed congested capillaries and neutrophilic infiltration in both groups. Electron microscopic findings were interstitial and alveolar neutrophilic infiltration, endothelial swelling with increased pinocytotic vesicles and cytoplasmic process formation, and interstitial edema. Decrease of osmiophilic bodies in the type II pneumocytes had appeared at 9 hours after endotoxin injection. These changes were increased in severity at 18 hours and 27 hours after endotoxin injection. In the group of concomitant treatment of gabexate mesilated and endotoxin, there was no edema at 9 hours after injection. After 18 hours welling of endothelial cell and interstitial edema had appeared. However, the severity of the edema was markedly decreased. Type II pneumocytes showed well preserved osmiophilic bodies. According to these results, it is considered that administration of gabexate mesilate can significantly redeced the lung injury induced by endotoxemia.
Rats ; Animals