In this study, five rhesus macaques were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac251 to establish a model of simian autoimmune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points to monitor changes in the total T cell number and T lymphocyte subset. Plasma viral loads, cytokine expression levels and anti-SIV antibody levels were also assayed to acquire certain basic indexes to evaluate disease progression in the rhesus macaque SAIDS model. During the acute stage of infection, plasma viral loads reached a peak at week 1 post-inoculation and lasted for approximately 3 to 44 weeks. The CD3+ CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood also transitorily decreased. During the same period, the level of interferon-gamma show an increasing trend, whereas IL-12 levels decreased; IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were maintained at normal levels or could not be detected. During the asymptomatic and ARC phases, plasma viral loads persisted above 10(4) RNA copies/mL and either increased or declined during the later stages of disease; CD3+ CD4+ counts showed a steadily declining trend and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 decreased during late-stage disease. Moreover, antibodies against viral proteins were detected in the plasma and showed a significant increasing trend, while there were no apparently changes in the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. In conclusion, the characteristics of the SIV animal models in our study are similar to those of patients with AIDS. Therefore, the rhesus macaque SIVmac251 infection models can be applied for further studies into AIDS.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; virology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; physiology ; Viral Load

Objective To describe the uncertainty in illness and social support of patients before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and explore the correlation between them.Methods By descriptive and correlation study,sixty patients before PCI were recruited in the study and were investigated with Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS) and social support rating scale (SSRS).Results The total score of uncertainty in illness of patients before PCI was(90.72 ± 13.97 ) and was in the medium range.Among the four dimensions,the average score of ambiguity (40.27 ±6.87) was the highest.The total score of social support was(44.35 ±7.65 )and was at middle or high level.The uncertainty in illness of patients was negatively related with their social support(r =- 0.31 P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Nurses should pay attention to the patients' uncertainty in illness before PCI and take advantage of their social support adequately.In this way,patients' uncertainty in illness can be decreased.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in the systemic inflammatory response and T cell induced immunity after systemic administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) during early postburn stage.

METHODSForty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups for the study. The rats in control group (C, n = 6) were only used for the determination of plasma levels of the cytokines, such as TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6 and CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. The SD rats in burn with rhGH treatment group (BT, n = 18) and burn without treatment group (B, n = 18) were inflicted with III degree scalding injury on the back. rhGH was injected subcutaneously on the abdomen of the rats in a dose of 6 IU/kg for 10 days in BT group. The blood samples were harvested from the rats in the two groups for the evaluation of the above indices.

RESULTSThe plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6 and CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were increased on the 3(rd) postburn day (PBD) and decreased on the 6(th) PBD in B group, while the CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were increased significantly and the plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-6 decreased obviously on the 3(rd) PBD in BT group. And the plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-6 in BT group on the 6(th) PBD showed no difference from those in C group. But the plasma TNFalpha level in BT group was evidently higher than that in B and C group on the 6(th) PBD. Furthermore, the plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-2 and IL-6 in BT group were still increased gradually on the 10(th) PBD, while the IL-2 and IL-6 levels were decreased obviously in B group, but the TNFalpha level was increased.

CONCLUSIONSystemic administration of rhGH during different states of stress exerted different effects on T cell induced immunity and systemic inflammatory response.

Animals ; Burns ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Human Growth Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo analyze the indication of arthroscope by examining the correlations between cartilage injury degree confirmed by MRI and postoperative effect.

METHODSFrom Aug. 2005 to April 2008, 87 cases with knee osteoarthritis were treated by arthroscopes including 44 males and 43 females,aged from 16 to 67 years (means 46.3 years). Arthrodial cartilage of knee was graded by ICRS MR, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated by Lysholm scoring.

RESULTSAll 87 knees of 87 cases were followed-up for from 12 to 30 months (averaged 23 months). The cartilage injury degree of knees was graded as follows: grade 4 in 30 cases, grade 3 in 23 cases, grade 2 in 20 cases, grade 1 in 12 cases, grade 0 in 2 cases, means grade (2.770 +/- 1.138). Postoperative Lysholm score was from 59 to 100, means (95.170 +/- 7.556). Coefficient correlation (r) = -0.152, P = 0.159 > 0.05. Although the results had no correlations between cartilage injury degree and Lysholm score, negative correlation tendency existed.

CONCLUSIONThe patients with higher grade of knee cartilage injury degree confirmed by MRI (1.5T) have worse effect after operation, the grade is not a gold standard as a operation indication in arthroscopic procedure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage, Articular ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; pathology ; surgery