A CALLG2008 protocol was developed by the Chinese Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cooperative Group for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).We retrospectively analyzed 153 newly diagnosed adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive ALL enrolled into imatinib (400 mg/d) plus CALLG2008 regimen between 2009 and 2015.The median age was 40 years (range,18-68 years),with 81 (52.3％) males.The overall hematologic complete remission (CR) rate was 96.7％ after induction.With a median follow-up of 24.2 months,the estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 49.5％ (95％ confidence interval (CI):38.5％-59.5％) and 49.2％ (95％ CI:38.3％-59.2％),respectively.Fifty-eight (36 with haploidentical donor) patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in first CR.Among the patients in CR1 after induction,both the 3-year OS and EFS were significantly better in the allo-HSCT group than in the without allo-HSCT group (73.2％,95％ CI:58.3％-83.5％ vs.22.2％,95％ CI:8.7％-39.6％ and 66.5％,95％ CI:50.7％-78.2％ vs.16.1％,95％ CI:5.1％-32.7％,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that allo-HSCT and achievement of major molecular response were associated with favorable OS or EFS independently.Interestingly,in the allo-HSCT cohort,the donor type (haploidentical versus matched donors) had no significant impact on EFS or OS.All these results suggested that imatinib plus CALLG2008 was an effective protocol for Ph-positive ALL.Haploidentical donors can also be a reasonable alternative expedient donor pool.

Background: Inactivated vaccines are limited in preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) due to safety problems. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are an excellent candidate for a novel vaccine for preventing FMD, given that VLPs have similar immunogenicity as natural viruses and are replication- and infection-incompetent. Objectives: The 3C protease and P1 polyprotein of type O FMD virus (FDMV) was expressed in yeast Hansenula polymorpha to generate self-resembling VLPs, and the potential of recombinant VLPs as an FMD vaccine was evaluated. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant purified VLPs using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and aluminum hydroxide gel as an adjuvant. Cytokines and lymphocytes from serum and spleen were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and flow cytometry. Results: The VLPs of FMD were purified successfully from yeast protein with a diameter of approximately 25 nm. The immunization of mice showed that animals produced high levels of FMDV antibodies and a higher level of antibodies for a longer time. In addition, higher levels of interferon-γ and CD4 + T cells were observed in mice immunized with VLPs. Conclusions The expression of VLPs of FMD in H. polymorpha provides a novel strategy for the generation of the FMDV vaccine.