OBJECTIVETo investigate the quality and quantity changes of Flos Lonicerace during flowering stages in Hanzhong GAP base in order for properly harvesting and quality control.

METHODThe yield index of Flos lonicerace in four flowering stages was determined, and the contents of chlorogenic acid and the total flavonoid in the samples were determined by HPLC and the colorimetry, respectively. The volatile oils were extracted by the SFE-CO2 and the constituents were analyzed by GC-MS.

RESULTThe yield in the first two flowering times was attributed to about more than 80% of total yield, and the number of flower buds for each plant in the first time was almost the same as the sum of the other three times. The drying rate of the three-site green flowers kept the highest during the first flowering time, and the drying rate of the two-site white flowers kept the highest during the second flowering time. The contents of chlorogenic acid and the total flavonoid in the first flowering time were higher than those in the second, and among them, the two-site white flowers kept the highest, about 3.5% and 13.2%, respectively. For the sample flowers in in the second flowering time, the three-site green flowers kept the highest level of chlorogenic acid and the total flavonoid, about 2.7% and 11.6%, respectively. From the volatile oil samples in the five periods of Flos lonicerace in the first flowering time, 19 components were identified by GC-MS. They were composed by three types of compounds, n-diolefines, fatty acids and steroids. Nonacosane and hentriacontane had the relatively higher amount with more than 40% and 20%, respectively. The relative contents of vitamine E were higher too, about 8.15% - 10.43%. And, gamma-5-sitostene-3-ol, stigmasta-5,2-diene-3-ol and campesterol were also detected. Among these steroids, the relative contents of the first two were 4.90% - 6.9%, 1.06%- 4.10%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe flowering samples in the first two times were attributed to the most to the total yield. The samples of the two-site white flower and the whole-white flower had the higher comprehensive quality. The components of vitamine E and the steroids in the volatile oil need to be paid more attention.

Biomass ; Flowers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Seasons

OBJECTIVE：To establish the content determin ation method of ferulic acid ，verbascoside，ligustilide and astragaloside in Shengyu decoction lyophilized powder. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine 4 components in 3 batches of lyophilized powder. The determination of ferulic acid ，verbascoside and ligustilide was performed on Inertsil ODS-SP C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol- 0.1％ phosphoric acid （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min；detector was diode array detector ；detection wavelength was set at 330 nm；column temperature was 30 ℃，the sample size was 10 μL. The determination of astragaloside was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （32∶68，V/ V）；detector was evaporative light scattering detector ；the drift tube temperature wa s 100 ℃，the carrier gas （air）flow rate was 2.5 L/min at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min；column temperature was 30 ℃，the sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The linear ranges of ferulic acid ，verbascoside，ligustilide and astragaloside were 0.050 15-10.03 μg（r＝0.999 8），0.067 80-13.56 μg（r＝ 0.999 9），0.057 30-11.46 μg（r＝0.999 5），1.128-11.28 μg（r＝0.999 3），respectively. The detection limits were 2.12×10－4，1.30× 10－3，8.02×10－4，1.09×10－3 μg，respectively. The limit of quantification were 7.43×10－4，3.87×10－3，2.34×10－3，3.36×10－3 μg， respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（12 h）and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％（n＝6）. Average recovery rates were 99.6％（RSD＝0.83％，n＝6），100.9％（RSD＝1.07％，n＝6），98.8％（RSD＝0.84％，n＝6）and 101.3％（RSD＝0.99％， n＝6），respectively. The contents of ferulic acid ，verbascoside，ligustilide and astragaloside in 3 batches of samples were 1.225-1.248， 0.413-0.424， 0.325-0.332， 0.394-0.404 mg/g， respectively （RSDs among batches were lower than 1.5％ ）. CONCLUSIONS：Established method is stable ，reproducible，rapid and accurate for the content determination of ferulic acid ， verbascoside， ligustilide and astragaloside in Shengyu

OBJECTIVE：To develop a method for simultaneous determination of 5 components in classical formula Huaihua san，including rutin ，naringin，neohesperidin，quercetin and pulegone. METHODS ：HPLC wavelength switching method was adopted. The determination was performed on Cosmosil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 257 nm for rutin ，283 nm for naringin and neohesperidin ，254 nm for quercetin ，252 nm for pulegone ，respectively. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃， and sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The linear range was 21.7-2 170 μg/mL for rutin，46-4 600 μg/mL for naringin，22.3- 2 230 μg/mL for neohesperidin，0.96-96 μg/mL for quercetin，2.7-270 μg/mL for pulegone（all r＞0.999），respectively. RSDs of precision，stability（24 h）and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％（n＝6）. Average recoveries were 100.70％，99.31％， 101.10％，100.03％ and 99.63％（all RSD ＜2％，n＝9）. Among 3 batches of Huaihua san samples ，the contents of above 5 components were 20.055-22.615，25.557-27.806，11.428-13.250，0.350-0.478，2.372-4.011 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ： Established method is simple ，accurate and reproducible ，and could be used for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Huaihua san.

Total glucosides of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) are selective immunosuppressants that exhibit primary efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through targeted inhibition of activated T cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential application of RSG in the treatment of psoriasis and elucidate its mechanism of action and material basis. Our findings revealed significant improvements upon administration of RSG in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. These improvements were characterized by a remarkable increase in the number of tail scales in mice and a substantial amelioration of skin erythema, ulceration, and flaking. By transcriptome sequencing and T-cell flow sorting assay, we identified notable effects of RSG on the modulation of various cellular processes. Specifically, RSG prominently down-regulated the Th17/Treg ratio in damaged skin tissues and reduced the proportion of G₂ phase cells. Furthermore, RSG exhibited a stimulatory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Of particular interest, we discovered that β-sitosterol, sitostenone, stigmasterol, smiglanin, and cinchonain Ib displayed potent inhibitory effects on the IL-17-mediated inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. In summary, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of RSG in the treatment of psoriasis, attributed to its ability to regulate the Th17/Treg balance. These findings contribute to the development of new indications for RSG and provide a solid theoretical foundation for further exploration in this field.
Animals ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biological Assay ; Glucosides/pharmacology*