Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting the positivity of hepatitis A antibody based on nationwide health information using a machine learning technique. Methods: We used a data set that included the records of 4,626 samples. the data was randomly divided into a training set 80% (3,701) and validation set 20% (925).Customized sequential convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used to predict the positivity of hepatitis A antibody. The loss and accuracy of this model was calculated. Results: This model has 12-input and 2-concatenate and 3-dense layers. The total parameters of this model were 1,779. The accuracy quickly reached to over 85% validation accuracy in 50 epochs. The train loss, train accuracy, validation loss and validation accuracy of this model were 25.4%, 89.5%, 29.0%, and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion The model derived from the sequential CNN model exhibited a high level of accuracy. This model is a useful tool for predicting the positivity of hepatitis A antibody.

Sleep disturbance is a one of common complaints among patients with panic disorder. However, clinicians and researchers did not give much attention to the sleep symptoms of panic disorder yet. Several previous studies suggested that the sleep disturbance in panic disorder is mediated by nocturnal panic attack. In terms of the pathophysiology of panic disorder, nocturnal panic attack seems to be closely associated with the sleep problems in panic disorder. In this article, the authors reviewed various previous studies about sleep of panic disorder and intended to give importance of evaluating sleep disturbances and nocturnal panic attack in panic disorder for both clinical and research purpose.
Humans ; Panic ; Panic Disorder

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedule is recommended by Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization of World Health Organization to achieve high efficacy and immunogenicity. However, the patients often cannot keep up their schedule for several reasons. Methods: Monthly numbers of visitors for HPV vaccination between 2019 and 2021 were analyzed to measure the impact of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak which was the main cause of this delay. Results: In February 2020, the number of foreign patients vaccinated with HPV was dropped suddenly due to COVID-19. Prior to this impact, the average patients per month for HPV vaccination was 160 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 143–176). It was then 30 (95% CI: 20–40). However recent trends show a gradual recovery. Conclusion If a woman is pregnant after starting the HPV vaccine series, the reminder doses should be delayed until she is no longer pregnant. If this series is interrupted for any length of time, it can be resumed without restarting the series. HPV vaccine series need to be administered with a minimum interval of 14 days before or after administration of COVID-19 vaccines.

In Vol. 32, No. 1, our journal prepared 1 review article, 4 original articles, and 2 case reports. First, the Biomathematical Models for Aviation Fatigue Risk Management were introduced. Among the four original articles, it is possible to get insights into the management of cancer diseases in aviation workers, and it is expected to solve various problems in aerospace medicine through a research case using machine learning techniques. A similar trend was observed in the medical tourism along with the decrease of the aviation industry due to COVID-19. Hepatitis E infection can be occurred in both the public and aviation workers, and the management system was established in 2020 as a second-grade legal infectious disease in Korea. In two case reports, we introduced a case of the Phakic intraocular lenses insertion and a case of the acute myocardial infarction and pericardial effusion.

Purpose: As it becomes difficult to move between countries due to the spread of COVID-19, it can be expected that the number of foreign patients entering Korea for treatment will decrease significantly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of hospitalization of foreign patients over the past 6 years and the impact of COVID-19. Methods: The sex, age, nationality, and histories of foreign patients who visited the International Medical Center from 2016 to 2021 were collected. A total of 25,569 subjects were analyzed. Results: For six years from 2016 to 2021, the number of foreign patients increased steadily before COVID-19 but decreased significantly after COVID-19. Overall, it was analyzed that the average annual growth rate of foreign patients from 2016 to 2019 was about 6%. However, due to the impact of COVID-19, the number of patients in 2020 decreased by about 57% compared to the previous year and by about 1% in 2021 compared to the previous year. Conclusion It is believed that the decrease in foreign patients in a situation such as Corona 19 is due not only to the risk of infection, but also to the difficulty of moving between countries. In other words, it can be said that the driving force for the movement due to the medical skill gap still exists. Therefore, if this situation improves, it is judged that the phenomenon of moving abroad in search of medical care is inevitable.

In Vol. 32, No. 2, our journal prepared 3 original articles, 3 review articles, and 1 brief report. A Survey of the laboratory tests item was conducted during aviation medical examination based on the 27 hospitals. The following items were implemented in all institutions, but other items was different by institution. Urine test, ophthalmic test (except fundus test), fasting blood sugar, complete blood cell count, electrocardiogram, electoencephalography, chest X-Ray, pure tone audiometry, and total cholesterol. The impact of COVID-19 on the flight training of student pilots was analyzed through a survey. On the positive side, fewer commercial flights and fewer flights mean more opportunities for students to train. Fewer face-to-face classes have freed up more time for self-care. In other words, students were able to plan and control their exercise, self-study, rest, and sleep time on their own. On the negative side, social distancing prevented them from riding in the back seat, leaving them less chance to get used to the cockpit.

In Vol. 32, No. 3, our journal prepared 1 original article, 2 review articles, and 1 brief report. Space science need to be considered not only from the point of intellectual curiosity, but also from the profit. Space medicine is one of the core of national competitiveness, and gravity and cosmic radiation are major research areas in this field. The aftereffects of corona virus infection can affect aviation safety. An evaluation of this is essential before returning to the workplace. The first International Conference of Aerospace medicine 2022 was held in Paris. Various topics were discussed in depth. In particular, the inequality of corona virus vaccines supply, the application of digital health to tracking infected people, and the development of corona virus infection prediction algorithms were impressive. Japan and South Korea were compared for the current status of Zika virus. This difference appears to be mainly due to preferred travel destinations and their climates.

In Vol. 33, No. 1, our readers will find a diverse and engaging selection of content, featuring two insightful review articles and three original research articles that cover a broad range of interesting topics. While we are proud of the variety and depth offered in this issue, we also recognize the need for more submissions to continue providing our readers with high-quality, thought-provoking articles. We encourage researchers and professionals in various fields to contribute to our publication, helping us maintain and expand the rich array of subjects and perspectives we strive to showcase.