No abstract available.
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe mother's child-rearing attitudes and problem conduct of children as perceived by children and to examine correlation between maternal nurturing attitudes and child problem behavior. METHOD: The participants were 338 fifth and sixth graders who attended two randomly selected elementary schools in the city of G, Gangwon province. Child-rearing attitudes of the mother were rated on a 5-pointed scale that developed by Schaefer and added by Oh & Lee(1982). Problem conduct of children were rated on a 3-pointed scale of the K-YSR by Oh Kyung-Ja et al.(1997). The data were gathered from October 2 to October 28, 2004, and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program. RESULTS: For the children's perception of mother's child-rearing attitude, student had a relatively high mean scores of 3.70+/-0.44. Correlations between the mother's child-rearing attitude and general characteristics of the children showed statistically significantly different according to grade, father-mother relations, type of residence and extent to which father shared household chores. The mean score for problem conducts of children was 0.47+/-0.25.The average for their internal behavior problems was 0.52+/-0.33, and for external behavior problems was 0.44+/-0.24. There were statistically significantly differences in the behavior problem scores of the children according to the general characteristics of grade, education, occupation, mother-father relations, extent to which father shared in household chores and religion. As to correlation between mother's child-rearing attitude and their problem conduct, every type of attitude had a significantly moderate reverse correlation to every type of behavior problem of the children(r=-.431, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Mother's child-rearing attitudes might affect the problem conduct of children, and mother should try to treat their children with affection and respect, to maintain good relations with father, and to bring their children up coherently in an autonomous, permissive, positive and democratic manner.
Child* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Leukemia, Mast-Cell* ; Mast Cells*

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that the optimal temperature at which the cord blood and the peripheral blood stem cells need to be cryopreserved is below -160 degrees C in a nitrogen tank. This study evaluated a domestic cryostorage cord blood processing bag (CBP set) made from poly (ethylene-co-vinylacetate) (EVA) recently produced by the Medi-Rution Company in Korea. METHODS: The domestic cryostorage bags was evaluated using 100 bags from Medi-Rution, which were divided into 3 different groups and compared with 20 bags produced by the Thermogenesis company from the United States as a control. In the first group, the mononuclear cells separated from the human blood sample were divided equally into the cryosolution using DMSO, auto plasma and RPMI media. The blood was preserved in 20 domestic bags and 20 bags produced by the Thermogenesis company. In the second group, the cells were stored in the cryosolution with either auto plasma or fetal bovine serum. In the third group, 20 bags were frozen at -70 degrees C before being stored in the nitrogen tank whereas the other 20 bags were frozen in a controlled refrigerator before being stored in the nitrogen tank at -196 degrees C. The bags containing the peripheral blood cells were stored in the nitrogen tank at vapor phase for a period of one year and evaluated for the rate of breakage during thawing, recovery rates and viability of the cell after thawing. RESULTS: None of the bags evaluated in this study showed any signs of breakage or leakage of the products. All three groups tested showed similar results regardless of where the bags were made, the composition of the cryosolution or the early freezing conditions. CONCLUSION: The CBP set cryostorage bags recently produced by Medi-Rution can be used to preserve blood cells at extremely low temperatures for a one year period without any significant breakage.
Blood Cells ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Fetal Blood ; Freezing ; Humans ; Korea ; Nitrogen ; Plasma ; Stem Cells ; Thermogenesis ; United States

BACKGROUND: Candidemia has increased with an increasing number of people in the high risk group and so has become more important. This study was conducted to investigate the isolation rate of Candida species from candidemia patients and the change in rate of antifungal resistance. METHODS: At a single tertiary care hospital, 1,120 blood cultures positive for Candida species from 1997 to 2016 were investigated according to date of culture, gender, age, and hospital department. RESULTS: During the investigation period, the number of candidemia patients increased from 14 in 1997 to 84 in 2016. The most common organism identified during the two decades was Candida albicans (40.8%), followed by Candida parapsilosis (24.1%), Candida tropicalis (13.2%), and Candida glabrata (12.8%). C. glabrata was relatively common in females (45.5%) compared to males. The age group 40-89 years was more frequently infected than other age groups, and the most frequent isolates according to age group were C. albicans in neonate (66.7%), C. parapsilosis in 1-9-year-olds (41.7%), and C. glabrata in those aged ≥60 years (range; 13.3%–20.0%). According to the visited departments, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and Candida haemulonii were more common in medical departments, while C. parapsilosis was more common in surgical departments. In the antifungal susceptibility test, a rising trend of azole resistance among C. albicans and C. glabrata was observed in recent years. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was confirmed that the isolation rate of Candida species in blood is different by age, gender, and hospital department, and the distribution of isolated Candida species changed over time. The resistance patterns of antifungal agents are also changing, and continuous monitoring and proper selection of antifungal agents are necessary.
Antifungal Agents ; Candida albicans ; Candida glabrata ; Candida tropicalis ; Candida* ; Candidemia* ; Danazol ; Drug Resistance, Fungal* ; Female ; Hospital Departments ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Tertiary Healthcare*

The brain consists of heterogeneous populations of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The revelation of their connections and interactions is fundamental to understanding normal brain functions as well as abnormal changes in pathological conditions. Optogenetics and chemogenetics have been developed to allow functional manipulations both in vitro and in vivo to examine causal relationships between cellular changes and functional outcomes. These techniques are based on genetically encoded effector molecules that respond exclusively to exogenous stimuli, such as a certain wavelength of light or a synthetic ligand. Activation of effector molecules provokes diverse intracellular changes, such as an influx or efflux of ions, depolarization or hyperpolarization of membranes, and activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Optogenetics and chemogenetics have been applied mainly to the study of neuronal circuits, but their use in studying non-neuronal cells has been gradually increasing. Here we introduce recent studies that have employed optogenetics and chemogenetics to reveal the function of astrocytes and gliotransmitters.
Astrocytes* ; Brain ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ions ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Optogenetics*

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome is important for health policies and clinical practice. The aim of study is to estimate the prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome among older than 65 years in general population and identify the differences by gender. Additionally, we examined the prevalence of the abnormality of metabolic components by sex. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) 2007. The subjects of this study include persons over 65 years. We used data about demographics, chronic diseases, medications and blood laboratory results. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome in elderly women was 46.9%, 56.3% and 46.7% (International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria) respectively. In elderly men, 23.1%, 26.6% and 21.7% (IDF criteria). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome by modified ATP III was 63.2% in elderly women and 41.7% in elderly men. The prevalence of these was significantly higher in women elderly other in men elderly (P < 0.001). The abnormality of HDL-C among the individual metabolic components was significantly higher in women elderly than in men elderly. The prevalence of HDL-C abnormality in women elderly reached 79.9%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome was higher in Korea than US and Europe, and higher among women elderly than men elderly. Recent increase in prevalence of these might be a public health problem.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Demography ; Europe ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Public Health

BACKGROUND: The chronic liver disease is a relatively common health problem in primary care in Korea. But there are few studies of the prevalence and management status of chronic liver disease in Korea. The aim of this study is to estimate the ratio of health relative behavior among the patients of chronic liver disease, and analyse the association of chronic liver disease with health related behaviors such as private insurance, liver cancer screening examination, smoking, drinking, and exercise. METHODS: We analyzed data from the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNANES III) 2005. The subjects of this study included the persons over 40 years. We used data about demographics, chronic liver disease, and health behavior data. RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic liver disease was 2.4%. The ratios of private insurance, liver cancer screening examination among the patients of chronic liver disease were 72.6%, 44.2% respectively. The ratios of no smoking, abstinence from drinking, and exercise were 70.0%, 52.6%, and 33.8% respectively. After adjusted with demographic data, the odds ratio of liver cancer screening among the patients of chronic liver disease was 8.4 (P < 0.001), that of abstinence from drinking was 1.2 (P = 0.434). Adjusted odds ratio of private insurance, no smoking and exercise were 1.3 (P = 0.425), 1.2 (P = 0.578), 0.6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The primary prevention is less satisfactory than secondary prevention among the patients with chronic liver disease in Korea. In primary care, it is necessary for them not only to check liver cancer screening examination but also encourage no smoking, abstinence from drinking, and exercise.
Demography ; Drinking ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Preventive Medicine ; Primary Health Care ; Primary Prevention ; Republic of Korea ; Secondary Prevention ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Isochromosomes* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell*

Here we describe a case of rapidly expanding ascending aortic aneurysm in a patient with relapsing polychondritis. To prevent aneurysm rupture, the patient underwent emergent surgical repair. Silent inflammation can progress in the aorta wall, even in asymptomatic patients with mild disease activity under immunosuppressive treatment, leading to the rapid growth of aortic aneurysms. Close monitoring with routine imaging is needed once a patient with relapsing polychondritis is diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm* ; Aortitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Rupture