OBJECTIVE:To investigate the chemical constituents of the ear of Schizonepeta mulifida (L.)Briq. METHODS：Ingredients of the ear of this plant were separated by means of solvent extraction and chromatography on silica gel and polyamide and activated charcoal. RESULTS：Three components were isolated. Their structures were elucidated based on the spectral analysis. One of them is a known compound i.e. dehydrosylvestrene (V). The other two were new compound,named neoenneaanetetraoic acid (Ⅶ)，and 3-imino-N-nitrogen substituted acetamide cyclic buty amide (Ⅷ). CONCLUSION：These 3 compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.By the way, a mixture of n-alkane was also obtained which contains seventeen n-alkane compounds proved by GC-MS.

Object　To determine the amount of acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from different localities. Methods　By the use of HPLC. Results　The contents of acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Boju1, Chuju2, Gongju3 and Hangju4 were 0.082 6%～0.124 9%, 0.015 7% and 0.033 5% respectively; the contents of apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Chuju, Boju, Gongju and Hangju were 0.012 6%, 0.027 4%, 0.117 7% and 0.587 7% respectively. Conclusion　The contents of the two flavone glycoside in C. morifolium from different localities were markedly different.

Objective: To determine luteolin 7 O ? D glucoside in Chrysanthemum morirolium Ramat. Methods: The content of luteolin 7 O ? D glucoside was determined by HPLC on Symmetry Shield TM RP S column with MeoH H 2O(49∶51) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength at 348nm. Results: The liuear relationship of this method was well and the average recovery of the added sample is 99.74%. Conclusion: The analytical time is short, separating degree is good and results are accurate when luteolin 7 O ? D glucoside is determined by this method.

Objective To study the protective effects of vitamin E combined with Rhodiola rosea on the injury in mice skeletal muscle through hypoxia with exercise training and research the mechanism of action.Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into control group and observation group,20 mice in each group.The control group was given Vitamin E (40 mg·kg-1·d-1),and the observation group was given Vitamin E (40 mg·kg-1·d-1)combined with Rhodiola rosea (20 g·kg-1·d-1);the rats in the two groups were treated with hypoxia (11.3%) for 4 weeks (5 ℃,15 m/min,60 min/d) after 15-day drug using.After the last training,all the mice were euthanized and then detected the gene of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA through the RT-PCR in the skeletal muscle and the activity of GSH-PX,SOD,ROS,the concentration of MDA in the skeletal muscle.During the period (pretrain and 1,2,4 weeks) of hypoxia combined with exercise training,the CK,LDH in the serum were detected.Results The expression of CK and LDH in the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The activity of GSH-PX and SOD in the skeletal muscle of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05),while the ROS and MDA were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the expression of Bax mRNA and Bax/Bcl-2 of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).While the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Rhodiola rosea combined with Vitamin E can inhibit the expression of apoptotic genes by correcting the oxidation and hypoxia imbalance under hypoxia.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscope lithotomy (PTCSL) with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy (LD) in treatment of choledocholithiasis.Methods:Data of 132 patients with choledocholithiasis treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from July 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 75 males and 57 females, with an average age of 62.7 years. For 76 patients underwent PTCSL (the PTCSL group) and 56 underwent LD (the LD group). The data of the patients the success rate of lithotomy, stone residual rate, operation time, postoperative complications and stone recurrence, chronic cholangitis, and acute cholangitis 1 month after operation were compared between the two groups.Results:The ratio of upper abdominal operation history and biliary tract infection in the PTCSL group was higher than that in the LD group, and the difference was statistically significant (both P<0.05). In the PTCSL group, the calculi were successfully removed in 64 patients in one treatment session, while residual calculi were removed through subsequent sinus choledochoscopy in 9 patients. In the remaining 3 patients, the residual calculi were removed with LD or laparotomy operations. Postoperative complications occurred in 14 patients (19.2%, 14/73). In the LD group, the calculi were successfully removed in one session in 46 patients while in 8 patients the residual calculi were removed by choledochoscopy (1 patient still had residual calculi after choledochoscopy). The remaining 2 patients underwent open surgery due to anatomical difficulties. Postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients (20.4%, 11/54). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the one-off stone removal rate, postoperative stone residual rate, final stone removal rate and postoperative complication rate (all P>0.05). The operation time of the PTCSL group was (156±60) min, which was significantly shorter than the LD group (203±59) min ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative chronic cholangitis and recurrence rate of calculi (both P>0.05). The incidence of acute cholangitis in the PTSCL group was significantly higher than that in the LD group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:PTCSL was as safe and effective as LD, with fewer complications and faster recovery. It is especially suitable for patients with previous upper abdominal surgery, recurrence of calculi and repeated biliary tract infection.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main pathogenic factor for chronic hepatitis, and if it is not treated timely and effectively, it may have the risk of developing into end-stage liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Neither of the two types of antiviral drugs currently used in clinical practice can completely inhibit viral replication or eliminate viral transcriptional template, which means that covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) exists in infected liver cells for a long time, and thus patients with chronic hepatitis B require long-term or even lifelong medication. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop novel anti-HBV drugs. Core protein allosteric modulators (CpAM) are a type of novel anti-HBV drugs and can interfere with HBV nucleocapsid assembly and inhibit the depolymerization of mature nucleocapsid, the formation of cccDNA, and the biogenesis and secretion of HBeAg. CpAM have a great potential in clinical application since they act on various links of viral replication. This article reviews the function of CpAM target protein-core protein, the classification, action targets, and anti-HBV mechanism of CpAM, and the current research status, further development, and application prospect of CpAM.

Objective : To investigate the effect of high concentration of Caerulomycin A (Cae A) on HK2 in renal tubular epithelial cells and to explore the role of cytoplasmic nucleotide⁃binding oligomerization domain⁃like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in this process. Methods : The effect of different concentrations of Cae A on the viability of HK2 cells was determined by MTT; the expression of kidney injury molecule (KIM⁃1) and NLRP3 was detected by real⁃time quantitative PCR , Western blot and immunofluorescence , while the effect of Cae A on the mRNA expression of IL⁃1β , IL⁃18 , IL⁃33 , MCP⁃1 , TNF⁃α was also measured by real⁃time quantitative PCR. HK2 cells were divided into control group , high concentration of Cae A group and high concentration of Cae A plus NLRP3 inhibitor CY⁃09 group , and the expression of KIM⁃1 and NLRP3 protein was detected by Western blot. Results : The results of MTT showed that high concentration of Cae A could inhibit HK2 cell viability. Real⁃time quantitative PCR , Western blot and immunofluorescence assays showed that high concentration of Cae A upregulated the expression of KIM⁃1 and NLRP3 , as well as the mRNA levels of IL⁃1β , IL⁃18 , IL⁃33 , MCP⁃1 , TNF⁃α , while CY⁃09 could down⁃regulate the expression of NLRP3 and KIM⁃1. Conclusion High concentration of Cae A significantly inhibited the viability of HK2 cells and induced damage and inflammatory response to HK2 with some nephrotoxicity that might be achieved via NLRP3 pathway.