Although the inferior oblique (IO) muscle is positioned considerably deep in the orbit, transconjunctival lower lid blepharoplasty may affect it and transient or permanent IO muscle palsy might result. Therefore diplopia should be explained before cosmetic blepharoplasty performed with transconjunctival approach.
Blepharoplasty* ; Diplopia ; Jupiter ; Orbit ; Paralysis*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative effect of inferior oblique (IO) 10- and 14-mm recession on postoperative horizontal deviation. METHODS: Patients (22 men and 18 women) who underwent IO recession were divided into two groups for comparison studies: group 1 (10-mm IO recession, 15 patients) and group 2 (14-mm IO recession, 25 patients). Preoperative and postoperative horizontal deviations were measured, and the resulting horizontal deviations from the 10- and 14-mm IO recession surgeries were compared. The effects of superior oblique underaction, IO overaction, and combined exodeviation on postoperative horizontal deviation were analyzed. RESULTS: Although group 1 did not show a significant horizontal deviation change after surgery (1.9 ± 4.5 prism diopters [PD], p = 0.452), group 2 had a meaningful horizontal change after 14-mm recession (2.2 ± 3.8 PD, p = 0.022). Both groups showed a significant esodrift in horizontal deviation (group 1, p = 0.017; group 2, p = 0.030) in patients with exodeviation over 8 PD. The mean change in horizontal deviation was 6.0 ± 5.4 PD for group 1 and 9.0 ± 5.0 PD for group 2. Although the amount of superior oblique underaction did not affect the extent of change in horizontal deviation, patients with severe IO overaction showed a significant change in horizontal deviation after 14-mm IO recession. CONCLUSIONS: Fourteen-millimeter IO recession could make a statistically significant change in horizontal deviation after surgery. In addition, esodrift should be considered after IO recession in patients with a preoperative exodeviation greater than 8 PD or severe IO overaction.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Jupiter ; Male ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: The trueness and precision of acquired images of intraoral digital scanners could be influenced by restoration type, preparation outline form, scanning technology and the application of power. The aim of this study is to perform the comparative evaluation of the 3-dimensional reproducibility of intraoral scanners (IOSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phantom containing five prepared teeth was scanned by the reference scanner (Dental Wings) and 5 test IOSs (E4D dentist, Fastscan, iTero, Trios and Zfx Intrascan). The acquired images of the scanner groups were compared with the image from the reference scanner (trueness) and within each scanner groups (precision). Statistical analysis was performed using independent two-samples t-test and analysis of variance (α=.05). RESULTS: The average deviations of trueness and precision of Fastscan, iTero and Trios were significantly lower than the other scanners. According to the restoration type, significantly higher trueness was observed in crown and inlay than in bridge. However, no significant difference was observed among four sites of preparation outline form. If compared by the characteristics of IOS, high trueness was observed in the group adopting the active triangulation and using powder. However, there was no significant difference between the still image acquisition and video acquisition groups. CONCLUSION: Except for two intraoral scanners, Fastscan, iTero and Trios displayed comparable levels of trueness and precision values in tested phantom model. Difference in trueness was observed depending on the restoration type, the preparation outline form and characteristics of IOS, which should be taken into consideration when the intraoral scanning data are utilized.
Crowns ; Dentists ; Humans ; Inlays ; Jupiter ; Tooth

The purpose of this study is to compare the side-to-side thickness and asymmetry in the lateral abdominal (LAM) wall muscle group between fencing players and matched controls. Twenty fencing players (10 males and 10 females) and 20 matched controls participated in this study. The resting thicknesses of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) of the LAM on both sides of the abdominal wall were measured in each group using 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasonography. Statistical analysis showed that the asymmetry of the fencers was 15% TrA, 13% IO, and 15% EO, whereas the control group showed 5% TrA, 5% IO, and 6% EO. The LAM was more asymmetric in the fencers than in the controls (p<0.05). The thickness of the right TrA was 0.37 cm in the controls, which was significantly greater than the 0.29 cm thickness in the fencers (p<0.05). The thicknesses of the left TrA and both IO and EO did not differ significantly between fencers and controls (p>0.05). The thickness of the TrA, IO, and EO of the side-to-side LAM wall was more asymmetric in the fencers than in the controls. This suggests that clinicians may find benefits in providing scientific baseline data on muscle asymmetry when treating and managing fencing athletes.
Abdominal Wall* ; Athletes ; Humans ; Jupiter ; Male ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: Comparing the accuracy of casts produced from digital workflow to that of casts produced from conventional techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole arch alginate (ALG) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions were taken with stock trays and custom trays, respectively. The ALG impressions were poured with type III dental stone, while the PVS impressions were poured with type IV dental stone. For the digital workflow, IOS impressions were taken and physical casts were produced by 3D printing. In addition, 3D printed casts were produced from images obtained from a laboratory scanner (LS). For each technique, a total of 10 casts were produced. The accuracies of the whole arch and separated teeth were virtually quantified. RESULTS: Whole arch cast accuracy was more superior for PVS followed by LS, ALG, and IOS. The PVS and ALG groups were inferior in the areas more susceptible to impression material distortion, such as fossae and undercut regions. The LS casts appeared to have generalized errors of minor magnitude influencing primarily the posterior teeth. The IOS casts were considerably more affected at the posterior region. On the contrary, the IOS and LS casts were more superior for single tooth accuracy followed by PVS and ALG. CONCLUSION: For whole arch accuracy, casts produced from IOS were inferior to those produced from PVS and ALG. The inferior outcome of IOS appears to be related to the span of scanning. For single tooth accuracy, IOS showed superior accuracy compared to conventional impressions.
Jupiter ; Polyvinyls ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Siloxanes ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Isolated inferior oblique weakening procedure is an effective treatment for patients with superior oblique muscle palsy who had up to 15 prism diopters (PD) of vertical deviation in the primary position, but 2-muscle surgery is needed for patients with larger deviations. Herein, we report the surgical results of simultaneous 2-extraocular muscle surgery for large primary position hypertropia 16 PD or more caused by superior oblique palsy. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of the records of patients who presented with central gaze hypertropia 16 PD or more and underwent simultaneous 2-extraocular muscle surgery between January 2003 and June 2014 in Severance Hospital. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 43 patients who underwent inferior oblique (IO) myectomy and contralateral inferior rectus (IR) recession (Group 1), 10 patients who underwent IO myectomy and superior rectus (SR) recession (Group 2), and 8 patients who underwent SR recession and contralateral IR recession (Group 3). Criteria for success included correction of head posture and a primary position alignment within 5 PD of vertical deviation. RESULTS: Mean preoperative alignment at primary gaze was 25.5 ± 7.1 PD (range, 16-60 PD) compared to the postoperative value of -1.3 ± 6.8 PD (range, -20~25 PD) (p < 0.001). Surgery was successful in 49 (80%) patients. Nine (15%) patients were overcorrected and the other 3 (5%) patients were undercorrected. Success rate was the highest in subjects who underwent IO myectomy and contralateral IR recession. Among the 24 patients who did not receive combined horizontal muscle surgery, horizontal deviations decreased from 10.4 ± 2.7 PD to 1.5 ± 5.5 PD (p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Two-muscle surgery can be effective in patients with large hypertropia 16 PD or more. Additionally, horizontal deviations are more likely to be resolved with vertical muscle surgery alone. However, IO myectomy combined with ipsilateral SR recession can cause overcorrection postoperatively, so surgical dose should be reduced when performing weakening procedure of two elevators in one eye.
Elevators and Escalators ; Head ; Humans ; Jupiter ; Paralysis* ; Posture ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of activation of the abdominal muscles depending on exercise angles and whether the activation of rectus abdominis differs according to the location, during curl up and leg raise exercises, by measuring the thickness ratio of abdominal muscles using ultrasonography. METHODS: We examined 30 normal adults without musculoskeletal problems. Muscle thickness was measured in the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), obliquus externus (EO), obliquus internus (IO), and transversus abdominis (TrA), at pre-determined angles (30degrees, 60degrees, 90degrees) and additionally at the resting angle (0degrees). Muscle thickness ratio was calculated by dividing the resting (0degrees) thickness for each angle, and was used as reflection of muscle activity. RESULTS: The muscle thickness ratio was significantly different depending on the angles in URA and LRA. For curl up-URA p=0 (30degrees<60degrees), p=0 (60degrees>90degrees), p=0.44 (30degrees<90degrees) and LRA p=0.01 (30degrees<60degrees), p=0 (60degrees>90degrees), p=0.44 (30degrees>90degrees), respectively, by one-way ANOVA test-and for leg raise-URA p=0 (30degrees<60degrees), p=0 (60degrees<90degrees), p=0 (30degrees<90degrees) and LRA p=0.01 (30degrees<60degrees), p=0 (60degrees<90degrees), p=0 (30degrees<90degrees), respectively, by one-way ANOVA test-exercises, but not in the lateral abdominal muscles (EO, IO, and TrA). Also, there was no significant difference in the muscle thickness ratio of URA and LRA during both exercises. In the aspect of muscle activity, there was significant difference in the activation of RA muscle by selected angles, but not according to location during both exercises. CONCLUSION: According to this study, exercise angle is thought to be an important contributing factor for strengthening of RA muscle; however, both the exercises are thought to have no property of strengthening RA muscle selectively based on the location.
Abdominal Muscles* ; Adult ; Exercise ; Humans ; Jupiter ; Leg ; Rectus Abdominis ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The newest technologies for digital implant impression (DII) taking are developing rapidly and showing acceptable clinical results. However, scientific literature is lacking data from clinical studies about the accuracy of DII. The aim of this study was to compare digital and conventional dental implant impressions (CII) in a clinical environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four fixed zirconia restorations supported by 2 implants were fabricated using conventional open-tray impression technique with splinted transfers (CII group) and scan with Trios 3 IOS (3Shape) (DII group). After multiple verification procedures, master models were scanned using laboratory scanner D800 (3Shape). 3D models from conventional and digital workflow were imported to reverse engineering software and superimposed with high resolution 3D CAD models of scan bodies. Distance between center points, angulation, rotation, vertical shift, and surface mismatch of the scan bodies were measured and compared between conventional and digital impressions. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found for: a) inter-implant distance, b) rotation, c) vertical shift, and d) surface mismatch differences, comparing DII and CII groups for mesial and dist al implant scan bodies (P≤.05). CONCLUSION: Recorded linear differences between digital and conventional impressions were of limited clinical significance with two implant-supported restorations.
Clinical Study ; Dental Implants ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Jupiter ; Splints

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of three intraoral scanners along the complete dental arch and evaluate the feasibility of the assessment methodology for further in vivo analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A specific measurement pattern was fabricated and measured using a coordinate measuring machine for the assessment of control distances and angles. Afterwards, the pattern was placed and fixed in replica of an upper jaw for their subsequent scans (10 times) using 3 intraoral scanners, namely iTero Element1, Trios 3, and True Definition. 4 reference distances and 5 angles were measured and compared with the controls. Trueness and precision were assessed for each IOS: trueness, as the deviation of the measures from the control ones, while precision, as the dispersion of measurements in each reference parameter. These measurements were carried out using software for analyzing 3-dimensional data. Data analysis software was used for statistical and measurements analysis (α=.05).RESULTS: Significant differences (P<.05) were found depending on the intraoral scanner used. Best trueness values were achieved with iTero Element1 (mean from 10 ± 7 µm to 91 ± 63 µm) while the worst values were obtained with Trios3 (mean from 42 ± 23 µm to 174 ± 77 µm). Trueness analysis in angle measurements, as well as precision analysis, did not show conclusive results.CONCLUSION: iTero Element1 was more accurate than the current versions of Trios3 and True Definition. Importantly, the proposed methodology is considered reliable for analyzing accuracy in any dental arch length and valid for assessing both trueness and precision in an in vivo study.
Dental Arch ; Jaw ; Jupiter ; Methods ; Pilot Projects ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE: To identify the differences in the movement of the hyoid bone and the vocal cord with and without electrical stimulation in normal subjects. METHODS: Two-dimensional motion analysis using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study with and without electrical stimulation was performed. Surface electrical stimulation was applied during swallowing using electrodes placed at three different locations on each subject. All subjects were analyzed three times using the following electrode placements: with one pair of electrodes on the suprahyoid muscles and a second pair on the infrahyoid muscles (SI); with placement of the electrode pairs on only the infrahyoid muscles (IO); and with the electrode pairs placed vertically on the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles (SIV). RESULTS: The main outcomes of this study demonstrated an initial downward displacement as well as different movements of the hyoid bone with the three electrode placements used for electrical stimulation. The initial positions of the hyoid bone with the SI and IO placements resulted in an inferior and anterior displaced position. During swallowing, the hyoid bone moved in a more superior and less anterior direction, resulting in almost the same peak position compared with no electrical stimulation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that electrical stimulation caused an initial depression of the hyoid bone, which had nearly the same peak position during swallowing. Electrical stimulation during swallowing was not dependent on the position of the electrode on the neck, such as on the infrahyoid or on both the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.
Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Depression ; Electric Stimulation* ; Electrodes ; Hyoid Bone ; Jupiter ; Muscles ; Neck ; Neck Muscles ; Vocal Cords