To investigate the temporal variation of cell-mediated immunity in injured tissue of maxillofacial firearm trauma. Cells expressing messenger RNA(mRNA) for IL-2 were demonstrated by dot blotting and in situ hybrization in injured tissue of maxillofacial trauma inflicted by bullet, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry for IL-2 in normal and postinjury conditions. It was found that, apart from a transient eleratim in level within 24h post injury, both IL-2 production and IL-2 mRNA expression were consistently suppressed in cells at the site of the wound compared with the normal. The changes in the tissues of indirect injury by the projectile were significant. These results indicate that the cell-mediated immunity was suppressed in maxillofacial firearm trauma and the principal cellular abnormalities that resulted in altered T cell activation and IL-2 production postinjury was downregulation of mRNA before IL-2 gene transcription. It also suggested that the indirect injury by projectile contribute mainly to the depression of cell-mediated immunity.

To investigate the temporal variation of cell mediated immunity in injured tissue of maxillofacial firearm trauma. Cells expressing messenger RNA(mRNA) for IL 2 were demonstrated by dot blotting and in situ hybrization in injured tissue of maxillofacial trauma inflicted by bullet, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry for IL 2 in normal and postinjury conditions. It was found that, apart from a transient eleratim in level within 24h post injury, both IL 2 production and IL 2 mRNA expression were consistently suppressed in cells at the site of the wound compared with the normal. The changes in the tissues of indirect injury by the projectile were significant. These results indicate that the cell-mediated immunity was suppressed in maxillofacial firearm trauma and the principal cellular abnormalities that resulted in altered T cell activation and IL 2 production postinjury was downregulation of mRNA before IL 2 gene transcription. It also suggested that the indirect injury by projectile contribute mainly to the depression of cell mediated immunity.

The hydrophilicity of the normal decoction pieces (NDP) of Indigo Naturalis is not good, therefore, it is not suit for decoctions. In this paper, powder modification technology is used and some NDP and alcohol are ground together in the vibromill to prepare the hydrophilic decoction pieces (HDP) of Indigo Naturalis. Initially, the properties of NDP, ultrafine decoction pieces (UDP) and HDP are compared, the hydrophilicity of UDP was promoted slightly, that of HDP is promoted dramatically. Then, three batches of Indigo Naturalis are prepared to HDP separately, but there is no obvious difference in the contact angle. Furthermore, the size distribution, surface area and micro-shape of HDP are bigger than that of UDP and smaller than NDP. The contents of indigo and indirubin in three decoction pieces are the same, as well as the species of inorganic substance, although there is a little difference in the proportion of five inorganic substances. The fact suggests the change of physical state and the qualitative and quantitative change of organism and inorganic substances are not the main factors to influence the hydrophilicity. In addition, hydroxyl, methylene and methyl can be identified at the wavenumber of 3 356 cm(-1) and 1 461 cm(-1) in infrared spectrum; the content of alcohol in HDP is 0.67% measured by gas chromatogram. The stability of HDP in the heating condition is studied, the fact suggests the hydrophilic effect of HDP at 40 degrees C is relatively stable. All above research suggests that the alcohol is the main factor to influence the hydrophilicity and maybe the intermolecular force which fixed alcohol molecule on the surface of Indigo Naturalis is the basic principle to produce the hydrophilicity.

Recombinant human interferon α2b(rhIFNα2b)is widely used as an antiviral therapy agent for the treatment of hepatitis B and hepatitis C.The current identification test for rhIFNα2b is complex.In this study,an anti-rhIFNα2b nanobody was discovered and used for the development of a rapid lateral flow strip for the identification of rhIFNα2b.RhIFNα2b was used to immunize an alpaca,which established a phage nanobody library.After five steps of enrichment,the nanobody I22,which specifically bound rhIFNα2b,was isolated and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a.After subsequent purification,the physicochemical properties of the nanobody were determined.A semiquantitative detection and rapid identification assay of rhIFNα2b was developed using this novel nanobody.To develop a rapid test,the nanobody I22 was coupled with a colloidal gold to produce lateral-flow test strips.The developed rhIFNα2b detection assay had a limit of detection of 1 μg/mL.The isolation of I22 and successful construction of a lateral-flow immunochromatographic test strip demonstrated the feasibility of performing ligand-binding assays on a lateral-flow test strip using recombinant protein products.The principle of this novel assay is generally applicable for the rapid testing of other com-mercial products,with a great potential for routine use in detecting counterfeit recombinant protein products.

Objective To establish an animal model of lung adenoma in BALB/c mice based on dynamic characterization by micro-computed tomography(CT).Methods Eighty female SPF-grade BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups:model low dose group(1 mg/g urethane,iP,once),model medium dose group(1 mg/g urethane,ip,once a week,followed by 2 weeks),model high dose group(1 mg/g urethane,ip,once a week,followed by 4 weeks),and blank group(equal volume of saline).Growth of lung nodules in the mice was monitored regularly using Micro-CT.Three-dimensional images of the lungs were drawn using the Analyze 12.0 system,and lung tissues were taken for histopathological examination(hematoxylin and eosin).Results Lung nodules with round high-density shadows were observed at week 11 in all model groups compared with the findings in the blank group.The rate of nodule formation increased with increasing modeling weeks,with rates of nodule formation in the model high,medium,and low dose groups of 93.8%,93.8%,and 87.5%,respectively,at week 21.Most mice had two to four,followed by one,and one to two nodules,respectively.The average maximum diameter of the lung nodules in the low dose group was significantly higher than the diameters in the medium-and high-dose groups(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in lung nodule volume among the three groups.Regarding pathological type,hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the tumors in all the model groups were lung adenomas.Conclusions Lung adenomas were successfully induced in all urethane dose groups of mice and growth of the lung nodules could be characterized by micro-CT.The rate of nodule formation was highest in the medium dose group,which developed a moderate number of lung adenomas and provided a stable model,and was thus considered the most suitable model for the study of lung adenomas in mice.

ObjectiveBased on spatial metabolomics technology combined with pharmacological indexes， to analyze the mechanism of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus（FCB） powder in improving bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. MethodSixty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups， including the blank group， the model group， and high， medium， low dosage groups of FCB. Except for the blank group， rats in all other groups were injected with bleomycin by tracheal injection to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model. Postoperatively， the high， medium and low dosage groups of FCB were administered aqueous solutions of FCB powder at doses of 0.36， 0.18， 0.09 g·kg^-1， respectively， continuously for 28 d. The blank and model groups were given an equal volume of distilled water by gavage. After the last administration， lung tissues and blood samples were collected， the pathological conditions of rat lung tissues were comprehensively evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） and Masson staining， and aerodynamic assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging（AFADESI-MSI） was used for MSI of rat lung tissues from different experimental groups. Spatial metabolomics analysis was conducted on the fibrotic areas of lung tissues in the model group and the high dosage group of FCB based on HE staining images. Differential metabolites between groups were screened by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， with variable importance in the projection（VIP） values>1， t-test P<0.05， and fold change analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis of the identified differential metabolites was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）. Protein expression levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（NF-κB p65） and heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） in rat lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Biochemical assessments of superoxide dismutase（SOD）， malondialdehyde（MDA） and glutathione（GSH） levels in rat lung tissues were conducted. Serum levels of interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-6， nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2（Nrf2）， and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， and some of the screened signaling pathways with strong correlation were verified. ResultThe results of MSI experiment showed that after 28 d of the administration of FCB powder to rats with pulmonary fibrosis， the content of L-arginine in the fibrotic regions of lung tissues was significantly different from that of rats in the model group， and the content of phosphatidylcholine was lower than that in the fibrotic region of lung tissues of rats in the model group. Western blot results confirmed that， in comparison to the model group， oral administration of FCB powder for 28 d could inhibit the elevated expression of NF-κB p65 protein in the lung tissues of rats with pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore， high dose of FCB powder was able to significantly inhibit the expression of HO-1 after oral administration （P<0.05）. The cytokine detection results indicated that the concentrations of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum of rats from the high， medium， low dosage groups of FCB were reduced by comparing with the model group， and the high dose of Chuanbeimu powder administered by gavage could significantly inhibit the trend of decreased SOD， GSH， Nrf2 contents and increased MDA content induced by bleomycin. ConclusionOral administration of FCB powder has the potential to partially ameliorate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of pathways associated with inflammation（NF-κB p65） and oxidative stress（Nrf2/HO-1）.