Objective To determine the expression differences of Basigin(BSG)mRNA between early ischemic myocardium(EIM) and non-ischemic myocardium(NIM) in rats and then to evaluate the possibility of BSG examination in ischemic myocardium accidents occurred in forensic medicine. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was applied for detecting the expression of BSG mRNA in EIM and NIM of rats at 15min, 30min, 1h and 2h post myocardial ischemia, and in sham operation(SO) group. Results Compared with NIM, SO and control groups, expression of BSG mRNA decreased after 15min when myocardium ischemia occurred; compared with SO, it was of 0.5 folds when 1h(P<0.5), and rebounded to SO level when 2h. Conclusion BSG could be involved in protection and myocardial remodeling in early ischemic myocardium, and may serves as a biomarker of early ischemic myocardium.

Early-warning of compartmentalized anaerobic reactor (CAR) was investigated in lab-scale. The performance stability of CAR at high loading rate was worse than that at common loading rate. At high loading rate, the fluctuation of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was larger than that of influent COD concentration. The average relative standard deviation of effluent COD concentration and VFA concentration was 32.95% and 40.46% respectively, while that of influent COD concentration was 8.08%. The saturation of volumetric loading rate (S(VLR)) and VFA (S(VFA)) could be used to alarm the performance of anaerobic reactors. The working performance was good when the CAR was operated at normal organic loading rate (OLR), in which S(VLR) and S(VFA) were below 0.89 and 0.40 respectively. The fluctuation of performance became larger when the CAR was operated at OLR near saturation, in which S(VLR) and S(VFA) were close to 1. The performance of CAR was deteriorated when the S(VLR) and S(VFA) were more than 1.
Anaerobiosis ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; analysis ; Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods

BACKGROUND: In the past, guided tissue regeneration materials were produced by 13-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and gelatin (Gel), but the production of fiber membrane by electro-spinning technique was reported less.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a new kind of Gel with β-TCP hybrid nanofibrous membrane and testing its biocompatibility compared with polylactic acid (PLLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) membrane.METHODS: The β-TCP/Gel guided tissue regeneration membrane was made by electro-spinning technique.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe membrane surface.MTT test was performed to compare toxicity among β-TCP/Gel,PLLA, and PLGA membranes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The β-TCP/Gel membrane was porous, and β-TCP granules were nodosity-adhered on surface of Gel.The average diameter of fiber was 500-600 nm.The distribution of fiber ranged from 200 to 500 nm.There was no significant difference in toxicity among PLLA, PLGA, and negative control group (P > 0.05).The results suggested that the β-TCP /Gel membrane was low cytotoxicity and suitable for tissue engineering.It would be a promising material for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective To investigate the alteration of C/EBP α,C/EBP β and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related molecules (IRE1α and sXBP1) expression in pancreatic tissues in rats with hypertriglyceridemia related acute pancreatitis.Methods Ninety six Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups:control group,hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) group (n =24,fed with high fat diet for 2 weeks),AP group (n =24),HTG + AP group (n =24),and AP was induced by peritoneal injection of cerulein.The rats were sacrificed at 3,6,9,24 h after AP induction,respectively.The pathological changes of the pancreatic tissues were observed and scored by HE staining.Plasma levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA.The expression of IRE1α,sXBP1,C/EBPoα,C/EBPβ mRNA were analyzed by real time PCR.The expressions of IRE1α,sXBP1,NF-kB,C/EBPα and C/EBPβ protein were determined by Western Blot.The expressions of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ proteins were also determined by immunohitochemistry.Results After two weeks of high fat diet,serum levels of triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in HTG group,HTG + AP group were much higher than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The pancreatic tissue injury was more severe in HTG + AP group,particularly at 9 h (P ＜ 0.05).And plasma IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also much higher in HTG + AP group when compared with that of AP group,the differences were all significant at 9 h (P=0.011;P=0.034;P =0.027).After AP induction,IRE1,sXBP1,C/EBP and C/EBPβ mRNA began to be up-regulated at 3 h,and IRE1 mRNA reached the highest level at 24 h,sXBP1 mRNA at 9 h,while C/EBP and C/EBPβ mRNA reached the highest level at 6 h.Compared with AP group,IRE1,sXBP1,C/EBP and C/EBPβ mRNA levels were much higher in HTG + AP group.In addition,as to IRE1 and sXBP1 mRNA,the difference was significant at 3,6,9,24 h,and C/EBP mRNA at 6,9,24 h,C/EBPβ mRNA at 6 and 9 h (P ＜ 0.05).After AP induction,IRE1α,sXBP1 and NF-kB proteins in the pancreatic tissue began to be up-regulated at 3 h,and all reached the highest level at 9 h.IRE1α,sXBP1 and NF-kB proteins were up-regulated more obviously in HTG + AP group,and the up-regulation in HTG + AP group was higher than that in AP group,and the high expressions of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ proteins could only be detected at 6 and 9 h in the HTG + AP group,while there was no expression detected in AP group.Conclusions C/EBPα,C/EBPβ,IRE1α and sXBP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of HTG related AP,and IRE1α/sXBP1 pathway and C/EBPoα,C/EBPβ may mediate the pathologic injury and inflammation process of HTG related AP.

Background:Acute pancreatitis can induce intestinal barrier dysfunction in its early phase,which is closely related with the progression and prognosis of the disease. Intestinal mucus layer not only serves as a physical barrier between pathogens and epithelium,but also plays a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Aims:To investigate the expression and role of mucin 2 (MUC2)in injured intestinal barrier in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Methods:Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:the sham operation (SO)group and ANP group,which were induced via a retrograde injection of 3. 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Blood,pancreas and colon samples were obtained 6,12 and 24 hours after establishing the ANP model for determination of serum amylase and D-lactate (an indicator of intestinal permeability)and histopathological examination. PAS/ AB staining was used to observe the colon mucus layer and goblet cells,and the expressions of MUC2 and inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue were detected by real-time PCR. Results:ANP models were successfully established. In ANP group,obvious colonic injury,increased intestinal permeability,thinner colon mucus layer,reduced mucin-containing goblet cells,down-regulated MUC2 mRNA and up-regulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)mRNAs were observed at each time point as compared with those in SO group (P < 0. 05). Spearman correlation coefficient revealed that MUC2 expression was negatively correlated with the intestinal permeability and expression of inflammatory cytokines in ANP group (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Transcription of MUC2 is significantly down-regulated in colonic tissue of ANP rats,and might be associated with increased intestinal permeability and excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines in early phase of ANP.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that human beta-defensin 3 has significant antifungal,antibacterial,and antiviral activities and plays an important bridging role in linking innate and acquired immune responses. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel on treatment of periodontitis in rats. METHODS:Using Poloxamer 188 and 407 as the matrix,a blank hydrogel was constructed by cold solution.Human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel was prepared by mixing human beta-defensin 3 with the hydrogel.Twenty-five SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with five rats in each group:No treatment was given in the healthy group.The periodontitis model was constructed by the orthodontic ligature wire method in the periodontitis group,blank hydrogel group,minocycline hydrochloride group,and human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel group.8 weeks after modeling,blank hydrogel,minocycline hydrochloride,and human β-defensin 3 hydrogel were injected into the buccal and palatal periodontal bags,once a week,and relevant tests were carried out after continuous administration for 4 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the healthy group,periodontal plaque index,gingival bleeding index,and periodontal probing depth were increased in the periodontitis group(P<0.01).Compared with the periodontitis group,the periodontal plaque index,gingival bleeding index,and periodontal probing depth of rats were decreased in the minocycline hydrochloride group and the human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel group(P<0.05).(2)Hematoxylin-eosin staining proved that the hydrogel was not toxic to the rat organism.(3)Stereomicroscopy and Micro CT showed that compared with the healthy group,the root exposure and the distance between enamel cementum boundary and alveolar crest of the periodontitis group were increased(P<0.05).Compared with the periodontitis group,the root exposure and the distance between enamel cementum boundary and alveolar crest of rats were reduced in the minocycline hydrochloride group and human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel group(P<0.05).(4)Hematoxylin-eosin,Masson,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that periodontal inflammation was obvious,fiber structure was disordered and osteoclasts were active in the periodontitis group and blank hydrogel group,while periodontal inflammation was decreased,fiber arrangement was more regular,and osteoclasts were reduced in the minocycline hydrochloride group and human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel group.(5)qRT-PCR showed that compared with the healthy group,the mRNA expressions of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 6,and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased in the periodontitis group(P<0.05).Compared with the periodontitis group,the mRNA expressions of interleukin 1β,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 6,and inducible nitric oxide synthase in gingival tissue of rats were decreased in the minocycline hydrochloride group and human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel group(P<0.05).(6)The results showed that human beta-defensin 3 hydrogel was able to attenuate inflammation in rat periodontal tissues by decreasing the relative expression of inflammatory factors and inhibiting osteoblasts.

Objective: To observe the material basis and mechanism of action of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) in regulating antidepression of neurotrophic factors. Methods: KXS eluted by ethanol on macroporous resin was prepared. The antidepressive effect of different components was compared by tailing suspension test and forced swimming test of mice. The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampus were determined by ELISA. The rat astrocyte glioma C6 cell line and the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line were used to evaluate the effects of different ethanol elution sites on the expression of NGF and BDNF and the differentiation of PC12 cells.Results: All of the ethanol elution components from KXS exerted anti-depressive effects by shorting the immobile time of tailing suspension and forced swimming of mice and 70％ ethanol elution components exerted best efficacy. This site also could increase expressions of NGF and BDNF on C6 glioma cell line. The 10％ ethanol elution site had the strongest ability to promote PC12 cell differentiation. Ginsenosides were the main effectuve ingredients for promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors. Conclusion: Regulation of neurotrophic factors might be the prominent action mechanism of KXS exerting anti-depressive effects.